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Ethical issues of case studies psychology
Case studies and ethical dilemma
Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methods
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The Psychology 255 course (herewith referred as PSYC 255) at Liberty University is an introductory course that offers students a fundamental perceptive of the different techniques used for research methods of investigation in the behavioral science field. The eight week course itinerary is filled with assignments that direct the student toward a path that is filled with basic collective psychological research and design methods. It offers fundamental familiarity about the American Psychologist Association (herewith called APA) ethical and legal standard (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 2012). Plus alternatively, a student is steered in the direction of comparing the APA’s ordinary research theory process in …show more content…
121). There are strengths of using case studies, such as, qualitative information, provides data for further research, helps investigation that otherwise would be unethical situations. Case studies help social science with a possibility to investigate cases, which could not possibly be conducted in laboratories. It is an exploratory research method, which help generate new ideas that can be later tested by other methods. A case study is a great way to create an illustration about a person’s life and circumstantial relationships within his/her …show more content…
A quantitative research method is different from the qualitative approach. And it is best used to conduct community science observations on big groups. However, quantitative approach is conducted by means of a non-natural setting and an extensive research of statistical records. This method uses observations that will have a quantity value and comparison. Quantitative research is conducted by using questionnaires filled with questions that relate to mathematical expressions. Research field work begins with a simple questionnaire which will include questions related to mathematical computations, such as, number of hours or days it takes to complete a task. A good example given by Bates & Cozby (2012), “You might take the quantitative approach by developing a questionnaire that you would ask a sample to teenagers to complete. You would ask about the number of hours they work, the type of work they do, their levels of stress…” (Bates & Cozby, 2012, p. 114). This approach gathers data from historical information and databases, but never conducts analysis of the panorama in a natural
Francis Marion was born in the winter of 1732 (his exact birth date is unknown) at Goatfield Plantation in St. John's Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. His parents, Gabriel and Esther Marion, were of French Huguenot descent. The Huguenots were French Protestants who had suffered persecution for their beliefs during the reign of Louis XIV. Following the 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which forbade the practice of Protestantism, 50,000 Huguenots left France. Marion's grandparents were among them. Along with 70 or 80 other Huguenot families, they farmed the banks of the Santee River near Charleston, South Carolina, where the land proved ideal for growing rice and indigo, a highly treasured blue dye which brought a good price in Europe. The cultivation of both crops spanned an entire year, so the planters were never idle, and they were rewarded with a comfortable lifestyle.
What is a case study? A case study is a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. There is many different types of cases; rape, robbery, arson, kidnapping and finally murder. Case studies lead to trials;a formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings. One famous case study that went to trial was Jodi Arias Trial. Her case was her getting convicted of brutally murdering her ex-boyfriend, Travis Alexander.
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
A study area is expected to capture the complexity of a single case, and the methodology which enables this has developed within the social sciences. Such methodology is applied not only in the social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, but also in practice-oriented fields such as environmental studies, social work, education and business studies. In the research will try to capture the essence of case study methodology : firstly, by discussing the notions of “case study” and “case”. Secondly, by tracing its history; and finally, by making explicit its most characteristic features. The notions of “case study” and “case”. There are different ideas about what case study is. If try to find a common denominator that case study researchers (Yin 1994; Merriam 1994; Stake 1995,1998; Miles and Huberman 1994; Gillham 2001) might agree on, it would be something along the following lines: The study should have a “case” which is the object to study. The “case” should, be a complex functioning unit, be investigated in its natural context wit a multitude of methods, and must be contemporary.
An advantage to using a case study is the information they are able to provide concerning rare or unusual conditions in specific individuals. By studying these individuals, psychologists are able to gather data about unique phenomenon in psychology and formulate hypotheses that can be tested in the future (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Another advantage to using case studies is the fact that they can provide such detailed results. Rather than just conducting an experiment and having the participants leave after a short period of time, case studies involve being with the participants for an extended period of
“The case study research design have evolved over the past few years as a useful tool for investigating trends and specific situations in many scientific disciplines” (Martyn Shuttleworth 2008, para 1). So case study is not a rigid method. It can get more benefit by using many sources or other methods as long as it is relevant and focus on the specific object. Case study design can change slightly depends on particular or specific matter as long as it can create a deeper understanding and detail knowledge and than rise up solutions.
a) The purpose of a case study is to review a case that took place and determine the successes and errors of the case. From the successes and errors of the case, an individual can learn from them as well as teach others how to avoid them, or what to do differently (Rogers
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
According to Yin, R. K. (2014) case study design should be used when a single event, group, person, or community is the subject. As the case study is conducted the researcher will start to gather data through observations or interviews. Case studies were created in the medical field for aiding in the scientific theory and applying them into the real world solutions. Case study method is preferred by psychologists, anthropologists and social scientists. Often looking at patient’s history and personal systomes. The research will observe a problem or topic and record their observations. According to Shuttleworth (2008) Case study are also very valuable when researchers want to look at particular problems and dive into the situations. This also can aid in surveys which could take an amount of data and help narrow it down to a common
Case studies are a collection of data obtained using various methods gathered on an individual or group to record areas of interest in order to assist with analysis and provide recommendations. The study should include the name of the person, although this should be protected to provide anonymity where appropriate, and a brief description of the subject. The setting where the study is to be performed should be included. The aim of the observation must be presented along with a report of the findings. The type of method used will depend upon the subject and the area of interest. Data is gathered on the subject in this case observations were used to provide the data. An interpretation of the study will be made in order to provide a conclusion and recommendations made if applicable. Freud famously used the case studies that he carried out on his patients to develop his Psychoanalytic Theory.
A case study is a research approach used to obtain results that provide insight and contribute to our understanding of a complex issue in the context of our society (Avery, A., Creswell, K., Crowe, S., Huby, G., Robertson, A., and Sheikh, A., 2011). A case study can be defined as the research method needed to investigate events, social issues, and phenomena in real life context (Avery, et al., 2011). According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010), a case study is a report of data previously gathered as a consequence of the work performed with “an individual, a group, a community, or an organization” (p.11). The information that was
Traditional research may use quantitative or qualitative research method. According to Hendricks (2009), quantitative research is a general conclusion based on hard data. Hen-dricks describe quantitativ...
Generally, there are two types of research methods, it is quantitative and qualitative research method. Quantitave research involves the collecting of data in the form of numbers and qualitative research involves collecting data in the form of words and images. Besides that, quantitative data are usually associated with empirical social scientific approaches to measurement. The principal methodological techniques here comprise surveys and experiments. Then, for qualitative research comprises methodologies more often preferred by interpretive and it more often associated with the used of techniques such as observational research, focus groups and in depth interview.
Qualitative research is often utilised by studying a few cases as this type of research is not de-pended on former empirical findings - and is also considered useful when the researcher is trying to make sense of complex situations (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011, p. 204)