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Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
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In a world where technology play a huge part of people’s lives, we would need to understand the “mind” behind systems such as Siri, Cortana, and other programs – known as artificial intelligence. There are two ways to think about the use and power of artificial intelligence. The Weak AI hypothesis states that a computer can simulate some mental activity and intelligent behavior. On the other hand, the Strong AI hypothesis states that a computer engaged in the right computations has a real mind. But what are the benefits and risks of AI? Does one outweigh the other? In theory, an AI enabled device or machine should be able to do certain things. They should be able to act on a set of rules that it is instructed to obey, as well as analyze and understand whether the behavior that a human is requesting is reasonable. While performing the desired task, they should ensure that the specifications produce the behavior without side effects. If the systems exhibit undesired behavior, the AI device should build in redundant pathways to reestablish control. Perhaps the most important of all is that AI enabled devices should complement humans, not supplement them. They need to have the capability of working with people to obtain feedback and guidance. The Benefits of AI A person must have emotions and reason to have ethical decision-making. Does that mean that AI would have to have feelings and emotions, as well as reason to make an ethical decision? People might think that there are certain things that an intelligent machine shouldn’t be allowed to do, especially things that require emotion. An important aspect of any AI system that interacts with people is that it must reason about what people intend rather than carrying out commands in a literal manner. An AI system must analyze and understand whether the behavior that a human is requesting is judged as “normal” or
But, Sparrow (2007) argues that the robot is hardly to be the one, because generally, there is no morality in machines, which is the most important to be responsible (Anderson & Waxman, 2013). And, as the requirement for something or someone to have responsibility is, they should be able to be punished and rewarded based on their action (Sparrow, 2007; Klein, 1995; Eshleman, 2002). Sparrow (2007) describes in his article that the robot which has ‘intelligent’ behavior will have internal motivation in order pursuing its goals, and when the goals can be achieved, this cognitive states will make them able to be rewarded or if it fails then the robot will feel frustration as it receives punishment. Moreover, because of its intellectual capacities, as technology advances, autonomous robot may able to imitate human behavior (Sparrow, 2007; Coeckelbergh, 2010). Hence, it could be punished similar with the way when human cause war crimes, for instances with electrocuting, imprisoning, or destroying it (Sparrow, 2007).
In this paper, I will explore ethical issues to the artificial intelligence. In Wallach and Allen coauthored “Moral machines: teaching robots right from wrong”, they explore on many theories and practical issues for AMAs. I will use this book to interpret Wallach and Allen’s ideas of ethical design.
Margaret Boden’s “Artificial Intelligence: Cannibal or Missionary” is a credible primary source article rebutting common concerns of artificial intelligence. Boden uses strong logic to combat against the thought of artificial intelligence making humans less special and artificial intelligence causing people to be dehumanized. Boden concludes that dehumanization and people finding themselves less special from AI are false and that other concerns include people overlying on AI.
Well, we can observe artificial intelligence in our everyday lives, for example, Alexa which is amazon’s google search based machine, fingerprint / Facial recognition for our cell phones, and even the self-driving cars that were created by Tesla. Each of these listed is some forms of artificial intelligence (AI) and but as stated before, they are only narrow but they are showing us that there are advances being made at an astonishing rate. AI is often viewed as machines that express human characteristics. Today’s day in age, Artificial intelligence is only used in narrow forms, for example, facial recognition, voice-activated online searches, and even driving a car as seen in the Tesla. The end goal that most researchers have for AI is that they wish that humans will be outperformed by machines in nearly every cognitive
Artificial intelligence has come a long way since the first robot. In 1950, Alan Turing of Britain publishes, Computer Machinery and Intelligence. This book was proposed to be the birth of artificial intelligence as we know it. The first robot that presents the usage of artificial intelligence was built in 1969. The purpose of this robot was to try out navigation using basic tools such as cameras and bump sensors (Marshall 371). Since then, we have made a million robots way better than this one and we’re going to continue doing so. While the world advances, so is technology. It’s slowly progressing and become better and more reliable. Artificial intelligence is a certain type of technology that is resourceful to our nation. We are using it in the medical field, it’s been helpful to military forces, and it’s helping our world become a better place.
To begin, the main issue of development of Artificial Intelligence is the economic factors. Firstly, one of the main negative effects of AI on economy is unemployment. According to the suggesting of Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne of Oxford University during next 20 years 47 per cent of all USA jobs under the threat and will be replaced with intelligence machines (Vincent). If jobs will be automated, people will lose their workplaces and it is becomes one of the harmful problems not only for economy, but also for society. Because, if people will not have a workplace, they will not be able to provide their needs. Furthermore, development of AI can be a reason of increasing inequality of wages. For instance, the salaries of computer workers approximately earn 10 to 15 percent more than others. (Frey and Osborne). It is also one of the economic problems because it can lead to discontent of workers who hav...
As our research into science and technology ever increases its seems inevitable that in the near future Artificial Intelligent machines will exist and become part of our everyday life such as we see with modern computers today.
He characterizes it as being “supersmart without ever working” (Anderson 47). By looking at today’s world, humans have implanted AI, not necessarily inside its physical brains, but in the things that it uses. Great examples of these implantations are the GPS, Siri, Google, Yahoo, etc. From websites to real devices, communication and relaying of information have vastly changed. Its effects have provided both positive impacts and negative outcomes.
The approach to artificial intelligence should be proceeded with caution. Throughout recent years and even decades before, it has been a technological dream to produce artificial intelligence. From movies, pop culture, and recent technological advancements, there is an obsession with robotics and their ability to perform actions that require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence has become a real and approachable realization today, but should be approached with care and diligence. Humans can create advanced artificial intelligence but should not because of the harm they may cause, the monumental advancement needed in the technology, and that its harm outweighs its benefits.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Computers, unlike humans can run hours on end without the need of sleep or nutrients. Once they have an answer that is adequate enough, the answer can be shown to us instantly. We will have answers to several questions without all the effort and time, increasing the rate in which we learn. Not only would we have specific answers, such as an equation in physics. We would have access to a deeper meaning as to why this equation works and what it represents. With artificial intelligence in charge of our research, we have more free time to worry about other issues, such as diplomacy, which require more human
...ings to ignore. For example, they affect the manner in which the brain functions. Robots also affect the social life of people, in society, which has become an ethical issue among many researchers. On the right side, robots also offer security to families and companies and perform duties that are dangerous to human beings. In addition to that, robots are of benefit in the medical field especially to students with disabilities and those awaiting organ transplant procedures. This is where robots help them remain in touch with their friends. However, there are many security concerns in regard of robotic objects, especially when people use them in place of human interactions. However, the coming days may produce advanced robots with sensor-based, animated devices that use expressive sound, light, movement a screens to praise, encourage, advice and comfort human beings.
I don’t think there is any reason for these robots to have every ability that a human does. There is no way they are going to have the intelligence a human does. Artificial Intelligence is just going to bring more harm into our communities. We can’t trust the robots doing the “everyday” human activities, they are going to lead to unemployment, and will lead to laziness causing more obesity.
Recently, the media has spent an increasing amount of broadcast time on new technology. The focus of high-tech media has been aimed at the flurry of advances concerning artificial intelligence (AI). What is artificial intelligence and what is the media talking about? Are these technologies beneficial to our society or potential threats? Medical facilities, police departments, and manufacturing plants have all been changed by AI. Will machine language and artificial neural network replace humans in the future?
In case of emergencies, robots could reduce the percentage of fatal damages that occurs through these cases. In fact, humans’ lives are much valuable and precious rather than robots, in which societies could use robots to scarify through the dangerous situation for the sake of rescuing people. In addition, dangerous situations such as firefighting or earthquake require much effort, precision, and scarifying in the evacuation process. Furthermore, a beneficial feature that could help robots to coexist through the risky situations easily and preform the rescuing mission perfectly is that robots do not have feelings or emotions. According to Bruemmer (2006), robots do not have the ability to realize or notify any aspect that people do not programmed them to do. In other words, robots are merely machines that cannot feel or recognize what surrounding them without a sophisticated program done by humans. Therefore, as robots do not have the ability of feeling or knowing they could go through inhumane conditions for saving people. Moreover, robots have various capabilities that make them unique enable them to do heavy duties and bear more serio...