Between 1450 and 1750, we saw the rise of the three Gunpowder Empires: the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughals. Turkish-Muslim tribes conquered territory and settled down, establishing all three of these empires. They were able to do so after the decline of the Mongols. All of these also had a prominent Islamic population, though they differed in the type that they practiced. The Ottomans were primarily Sunnis, the Safavids were mainly Shi'a, and the Mughals were mostly Sunnis as well, but they had a strong Hindu population. The presence of Islam in these empires caused external conflicts between the three Gunpowder empires and the Europeans, as well as internal conflicts. The difference in the type of Islam that these empires practiced …show more content…
For example, as the Ottomans expanded into Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, the European countries became increasingly attuned to their actions. Eventually, they decided that enough was enough, and they banded together to kick the Ottomans out of the region. These countries, such as France and Great Britain, did not want Muslims to enter their Christian region, so they ended their strife, at least momentarily, to defeat the Ottomans and push them back. In this case, the fact that they were Muslim directly caused the conflict. Finally, Islam also caused some conflict internally in the three empires. While each of the empires had an Islamic majority, there were also several minorities of various sizes. In the Mughal empire, in particular, there was a very large population of Hindus. During the leadership of its earlier emperors, religious tolerance was prominent and encouraged. All the people in the empire got along fairly well and this system worked. However, toward its downfall, the Mughal leaders started to go against this policy. The most memorable example of this was Aurangzeb, who was against anyone who did not practice Sunni Islam. This created conflict within the empire between the Muslims and the other religions, eventually leading to the downfall of the empire. The Safavids and the Ottomans saw this type of conflict as well, but their minorities were much smaller so this was not as
of the “Gunpowder Dynasties”. This included the Ottoman Empire, the Safavids of Persia, and the Mughals. Simply put, these civilizations were the first in the Mediterranean to use gunpowder weapons including guns and cannons. However, it did not stop there, with the use of gunpowder came the rise of new technologies in metallurgy, mining, and weapon design. The use of gunpowder had arrived in the Middle East due to the Mongols who first witnessed its use in China. The only other empires which used
"Between 1453 and 1526 Muslims founded three major states in the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia: respectively the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empire" (Dale 1). Everyone knows the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia because of modernization and technology. These regions are seen in newspapers and television for their current status, but not a lot of people have ever considered how they were back in the 15th century. The majority of our generation knows Istanbul, but what about Constantinople
The Development of Warfare The Roman Empire that was created through the exploits of Alexander the Great was too big to manage as one and was split into two east and west empires that mirrored each other politically, but not religiously. The Byzantine Empire, eastern Rome, established its capital at Constantinople in 330 A.D. founded by Constantine and the Orthodox Christianity severed its ties from the Church of Rome. The Byzantium Empire surrounded its capital with huge walls capable of
The History of Gunpowder It could easily be argued that one of the most important inventions or discoveries in history has been gunpowder. And there are many things that can be argued about gunpowder itself. Such as where was it originated, when was it originated, and how did it spread across the world. These are three questions I will be looking at in this paper. However the purpose of this paper is to prove that gunpowder gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left
Chapter 19 Discussion Questions: 1. The three main factors that resulted in the Ottoman expansion of the 14th century were rooted in geopolitics, military technology a nd strategy, and political strategy. The Ottoman capital and center of economics (post-1453) was located at Istanbul, which was not only the geographical “gateway” to Europe, but also connected Asia and Europe, which made Istanbul an extremely important area for commerce and merchants travelling from one continent to the other. Even
The Ottoman Empire had many great leaders that advanced it politically and militaristically. Osman led the Turks during the late 1200’s and expanded the empire into Anatolia. Murad I transformed the military into an unstoppable force. Out of this army came many Sultans. Murad II fought the Poles at Vama and had an amazing victory in 1444. Mehmed II was known as the Conqueror for his conquests of nearby lands, including Constantinople. After taking the city, he renamed it Istanbul. During the late
long we failed mostly, and we still do sometimes, but with the trials and experiments we have done and died doing, we succeed now, mostly. The first formula that is still written down of an “explosive or pyrotechnic composition” are the three examples of gunpowder in the 1044A.D. Chinese military guide Wujing Zongyao which showed a few uses of this powder they had experimented with for near a hundred years. The most used formula from it was approximately 50% KNO3, also known as Saltpeter in those
learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural unproductivity. At the beginning of the Renaissance, ideas were expressed by the logical movement called humanism. These included the rising disasters of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and uniting structure for the society of spiritual and material life, the rise in reputation of city-states and national monarchies, the improvement of national languages, and the division of the ancient feudal structures. The
The American and French Revolutions share many similarities, but both events have distinct differences. These revolutions were outgrowths of the Seven Years` War. These revolutions made major reforms with in the governments of both countries. Numerous people in both revolutions were influenced the ideas and principles of various Enlightenment writers. Although there are similarities between these events, the American Revolution focused primarily on independence while The French Revolution focused
Africa and the Americas economically and militarily. It is a fallacy that it was due to inferior African and American genetics and culture. I will explain you the many reasons for the difference in development levels and trajectories between Europe an Africa/the Americans around 1400 A.D. The main reason for this difference in development levels is due to population density and I will explain why. In those times, high population density meant that vacant land was limited, thus making it very valuable
Alex. Review of A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, by James Riddick Parkington, Technology and Culture, Vol. 41. No. 1 (Jan., 2000). Roland, Alex. “Secrecy, Technology, and War: Greek Fire and the Defense of Byzantium, 678-1204.” Technology and Culture Vol. 33, No. 4 (1992): 655-679. Russel, Bertrand. History of Western Philosophy. London: George Allen and Unwin LTD, 1946. p. 60. Stannard, Jerry. Review of A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, by James Riddick Parkington, Philosophy of
six areas in the world that predominant ancient civilizations A period in the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution for system of astronomy, the decline of the Roman Empire and the growth of commerce, and the invention or of powerful innovations as paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder. It was a time of revival, progress after a long period of cultural decline and steadiness. It was in art that the "idea" achieved its highest. Art was seen as knowledge, valuable, capable
War from the 16th Century to the Invention of Gunpowder The invention of the powerful artillery guns would change man’s role in warring engagements. The artillery guns at first were very limited by their own design. The guns were very heavy and had to be transported by water, which meant that only towns and fortresses that were close to a body of water could be attacked with artillery also known as the cannon. There were also some fortresses that were impervious to the early cannon attacks based
The Idols are discussed under the main subject called, The Advancement of Learning, which focused on how one in Bacon’s time could move forward with their learning and no longer be hindered by the methods of the old world. These methods being the three main fallacies that are held true, which Bacon lists as: sophistical fallacies, fallacies of interpretation, and false appearances or idols. They are the most concerning of all fallacies to Bacon, as he stated in the text that they are, “the deepest
world. Most of the contributions that the Crusades have made have been to warfare, arms and armor. The weapon has evolved over time and began with “the rock and the club proceeded through the sling and boomerang, bow and arrow, sword and axe, to gunpowder weapons of the rifle and machine gun of the late nineteenth century” . Throughout the Crusades we saw the introduction to new ideas such as siege towers, fortifications, pitched battles, ranged weapons, polearms, and blunt hand weapons. The question