Determinism And Libertarianism

“Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.” Philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre attempts to convey that the effects of individuals’ actions effects their future. He indicates their free will to make themselves. However, how this occurs is unclear. Who or what determines destiny? Is it a supreme being like God? Does the individual hold the key to their own fate? Do previous actions cause one’s actions and future? Throughout the history of time, various philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Pierre Laplace have created theories to prove or disprove the existence of free will. For instance, existentialism claims that decisions and free will establish outcomes. Contrary to this, determinism states that there is no free will

Libertarianism demonstrates the existence of free will through several different proposals. To begin, there are several types of libertarianism, one of which has been proposed by Daniel Dennett and Alfred Mele. Their creation, the two-stage models of free will, which states that there is true indeterminism while considering the action, then that limits the possibilities for the action (“Libertarianism”). As seen, free will is still evident in the action since an individual decides for themselves based on the circumstances of the situation. In addition, many mind and body dualists who believe in Rene Descartes’ view which states, “that human freedom is created by a separate mind substance that functions in the physical world” (“Libertarianism”). This indicates that his free will does indeed exist, but it is not explicitly shown to us. Moreover, there are also dualist explanations that are called “agent-causal libertarianism.” The idea describes how agents create new chains of causal actions no determined by the past or nature. It states that there were several causes for actions that are influenced by one’s choices. The famous philosopher Aristotle was one of the first people to propose this. He states that there is a prime cause, which could be material, efficient, formal and final, but this cause is still based upon choices and free will. (“Libertarianism”). To sum up, libertarianism exhibits free will’s existence due to its incorporation into various libertarians’ perspectives like Daniel Dennett and