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DESIGN OF A RAILWAY COACH SOLAR HEATER AND PUMP SYSTEM
Contents
Chapter 2 1
Literature Review 1
1. Introduction 1
2. History of Solar Water Heating 1
3. Technical Analysis 2
4. Pump selection 5
Bibliography 6
Chapter 2
Literature Review
1. Introduction
This chapter includes history of Solar Water Heating and the technical analysis of the latest technology in Solar Water Heating systems. The analysis of the latest technology involves all aspects of Alternative Solar Water Heating systems design. Low cost alternative water heating system for the train coach, direct versus indirect systems, components and materials used was investigated.
2. History of Solar Water Heating
Solar water heating has been around for many years because it is the easiest way to use the sun to save energy and money (Lewis, 2005). The first solar water heater that resembles the concept still in use today was a metal tank that was painted black and placed on the roof where it was tilted toward the sun (Cromer, et al., 2006). The concept worked, but it usually took all day for the water to heat, then, as soon as the sun went down, it cooled off quickly because the tank was not insulated (Cromer, et al., 2006). In some rural areas, the olden method of water heating through sun is still practiced, where water is poured into a plastic basin and placed on the sun through the day.
For this project, the solar water heating system for the train coach will be the first of its kind as the shape will be following the roof curvature.
3. Technical Analysis
3.1. Basics of Solar Heating Systems for the train coach
Solar water heating systems include storage tanks and solar collectors. There are two types of solar water heating systems: Active a...
... middle of paper ...
...ps produce a certain flow at a certain pressure and when supplied with a certain power, all these steps will be covered in the concept development.
Bibliography
Brian, N., 2006. Handbook of pumps and pumping. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Choosing a solar geyser, 2010. Choosing a solar geyser. [Online]
Available at: http://www.solahart.co.za/Productsinfo/Choosingasolargeyser/tabid/15038/Default.aspx
[Accessed 09 05 2014].
Cromer, C., Guiney, B. & Harrison, J., 2006. Solar Water and Pool Heating Manual. florida: s.n.
Lewis, N. S., 2005. Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization. Argonne National Laboratory: Renee M. Nault.
Solar geysers, n.d. [Online]
Available at: http://www.crownair.co.za/products.htm
[Accessed 10 05 2014].
Solartech, n.d. [Online]
Available at: http://www.solartech.com.my/heatfirst/techspec.php
[Accessed 30 04 2014].
... the sun isn’t as high up in the sky. Large open spaces and a covered loft promote stack ventilation which also further increase the comfort zone. A mud room/hallway doubles as an airlock during extreme temperature months. The addition of active systems suffices for the rest of the heating load. On the roof positioned is a solar hot water panel which has access to solar gain. A small tankless electric water heater boosts stored hot water temperatures when needed. The ultimate goal is to simply reduce energy use by half of what the average household uses. The equipment chosen is an Eemax Electric Tankless Hot Water Heater. A solar hot water panel mounted on the dormer heats water through glycol exchange. A tankless electric hot water heater 1) boosts the solarheated stored water if it is below desired temps and 2) provides back up water heating during cloudy periods.
Rotman, David. "Finding a Solar Solution." Technology Review 2 (2012): 48-51. Print. 22 November 2014.
Here in Palm Bay we have the beautiful beach not far from us, great family neighborhoods, and yummy restaurants. And, like all Floridians, we love our sunshine. We get it year-round which is why so many people flock to our great state and our town. But, living here, we sometimes forget that the sun has its downside too. Like our name Solar Solutions suggests, we have a solution to those “sun issues”!
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
This involves relating total head, horsepower input, efficiency, and NPSH as a function of pumping capacity (in gpm), similar to Figure 3-36A (Lab Manual).
The sun has been a major aspect of life since the beginning of time. People used many other forms of energy before electricity was discovered. There has been a debate over energy resources for years. Many people are worried about what current energy resources may be doing to the environment. Oil spills and nuclear power plant mishaps have only been a few accidents that have had a big impact on the environment and the people who inhabit it. There are plenty of energy sources that do not harm the environment and are still able to get the job done. Solar energy is one energy alternative that will insure the betterment of the country and, at the same time, protect the natural environment.
Solar cookers represent an eco-friendly form of cooking, and they signify one of the most fundamental methods of harnessing solar energy for human use. In the southern African region, solar cookers have gradually grown in popularity over the last few decades, as they represent an efficient solution to many of the economic and fuel-related problems facing rural communities. Free solar energy can be harnessed and used as a fuel to operate solar cooking apparatuses, thereby reducing the need for other fuels such as paraffin and wood (see Tucker, 1999). These cookers play a vital role in the lives of the many families who make use of them, as they are cheap and simple to operate. They provide the users with an effective and reliable method by which to cook their meals and play a huge role in terms of money-savings for these families.
U.S. Department of Energy. A Consumer's Guide: Heat Your Water with the Sun. Washington D.C.: n.p., 2003. Print.
The swimming pool is 25m long by 12.5m wide and kept at a temperature of 29.5°C; this is maintained by a constant circulation of water. The water level is kept just above the pool rim this means water flows over the edges and into drains around the whole pool. This water is then heated under the pool and pumped back in through many small jets along a central panel positioned along the length of the pool. This constant heating of the pool is necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature for users and prevent risks of hypothermia; this costs the centre money but is necessary for comfort and safety. The temperature falls due to heat loss, this happens all around the pool but mainly on the surface due to the cold air surrounding the pool.
... and monthly water filling. Solar energy is the cleanest and purest form of energy, allowing for cleaner air overall in our environment. There is great hope for a lot more solar panels to be installed worldwide. Solar is a viable alternative energy with solar panels becoming more affordable and more efficiently designed.
One of the most compelling arguments for the use of renewable energy is how many forms exist of it. Nuclear power, solar power, wind power, tidal power, hydroelectric power, pumped storage, wave power, geothermal power, biomass, and biogas are the most widely known renewable energy sources (Darvill, 2013). This large selection of fuels supports the idea of renewable fuels one day powering the entire planet. All the sources of energy have different niches and benefits. Solar energy is extremely ef...
Solar water heaters work by using energy from the sun. There are two types of systems for solar water heaters, an open system and a closed system (“Tapping into the Sun”). These systems depend on the type of climates they are installed in (“Tapping into the Sun”). Open systems are worth the installation if the weather is year round sunny, closed systems are better if the weather gets cold. The water cannot be run during winter so the system will be switched to fuel and in the summertime when it is warm, so the sy...
Third, the liquid will enter to the expansion valve with the higher pressure and leaves with the low pressure.
Solar energy is clean energy that does not affect our environment. Solar power utilizes the sun’s energy to produce electricity, unlike other sources of energy, which rely on continual mining for raw materials. Consequently, producing solar energy from the heat from the sun does not result into the annihilation of the ecosystem, compared to the extraction of fossil fuels (Bode, 2005). Therefore, with the use of solar energy, it will help keep the environment clean, thus help to combat the issue of global warming, which is a threat to the world’s ecosystem worldwide. The use of solar energy will help save the worlds vegetation, and help prev...
Hot Water Heaters: The easiest way to exploit solar radiation is as thermal energy. One way to harness this solar energy is to heat water. Aro...