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Do violent video games cause aggression
Effects of media in society
Do violent video games cause aggression
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Desensitization to violence has become a common phenomenon in today’s society. This paper aims to identify and explain the effects that violent media can have on an individual and society as a whole. It has been proven that prolonged exposure to violence in the media can alter an individual’s cognitive processes, ability to empathize with victims of violence, and the way in which they view social norms. Desensitization is most commonly defined as repeated exposure to an event or stimuli that causes an individual to react less and/or become less affected by the event/stimuli. Desensitization to violence is less noticeable than one may think. There is much research to support that violent music, films, television (series and/or newscasts), …show more content…
Although, there is evidence (via survey), that reveals numerous children and adolescences allocate a considerable amount of time to absorbing violent media. Furthermore, it has also been identified that by reducing the consumption of violent media, it will lessen individual aggression and violence. While long-term exposure to media violence can disrupt an individual’s learning processes, resulting in the acquisition of lasting aggressive tendencies, and may magnify “aggression-supporting beliefs”. Anderson et al. (2003) state that there have been extensive longitudinal studies that support the link between repeated exposure to media violence as a child with aggressive traits later in adulthood. In extreme cases, this can attributed to physical assaults and spousal violence. Although, this is not the case for ever individual who is repeatedly exposed to media violence as a child. Personality traits and characteristics of individuals, social environments, and media content can impact the severity in which media violence may affect a person’s threshold for aggression (Anderson et al.,
Gina Marchetti, in her essay "Action-Adventure as Ideology," argues that action- adventure films implicitly convey complex cultural messages regarding American values and the "white American status quo." She continues to say that all action-adventure movies have the same basic structure, including plot, theme, characterization, and iconography. As ideology, this film genre tacitly expresses social norms, values, and morals of its time. Marchetti's essay, written in 1989, applies to films such as Raiders of the Lost Ark and Rambo: First Blood II. However, action-adventure films today seem to be straying farther away from her generalizations about structure, reflecting new and different cultural norms in America. This changing ideology is depicted best in Oliver Stone's Natural Born Killers (1994), which defies nearly every concept Marchetti proposes about action-adventure films; and it sets the stage for a whole new viewpoint of action in the '90's.
Eron, L.D., Huesmann, L.R., Lefkowitz, M.M. & Walder, L.O. (1972). Does television violence cause aggression? American Psychologist, 27, 253-263.
Representations of violence in the media (defined as through news, film, and television) throughout history have contributed to desensitization to violent actions.
Television plays a big role on violence. Most of us watch television daily. And what do we see daily on television? The news, about our world surrounded by violence? Movies, that only show shootings, death, and more violence? Even cartoons are violent, like the Simpsons, south park, and even Tom and Jerry, shows specially for our young audience. ...
In the article; “Desensitization to Media Violence: Links with Habitual Media Violence Exposure, Aggressive Cognitions, and Aggressive Behavior” by Barbara Krahe is about a study that has been conducted to find the links between violent media and showing constant violent media. The hypothesis in this study is according to Krahe (2010) ; “The hypothesis that media violence increases aggressive behavior” (p.630) The hypothesis in this study is that Media violence does increase aggressive behavior. They conduct several studies to prove the hypothesis. The first study was conducted was an online questionnaire. There were 625 participants from the University of Postdam Germany that participated in the online questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire was habitual media violence exposure. “Participants were provided with genre lists for movies and electronic games. For each item on the two lists, they were asked to indicate how frequently they used the respective genre on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (very often)… A sample of 21 undergraduate students (5 women an...
Many psychologists have studied the effect of the media on an individual’s behavior and beliefs about the world. There have been over 1000 studies which confirm the link that violence portrayed through the media can influence the level of aggression in the behavioral patterns of children and adults (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001). The observed effects include, increased aggressiveness and anti-social behavior towards others, an increased fear of becoming a victim or target of aggressive behavior, becoming less sensitive to violence and victims of violent acts, and concurrently desiring to watch more violence on television and in real-life (A.A.P. 2001). According to John Murray of Kansas State University, there are three main avenues of effects: direct effects, desensitization, and the Mean World Syndrome (Murray, 1995, p. 10). The direct effects of observing violence on television include an increase in an individual’s level of aggressive behavior, and a tendency to develop favorable attitudes and values about using violence to solve conflicts and to get one’s way. As a result of exposure to violence in the media, the audience may become desensitized to violence, pain, and suffering both on television and in the world. The individual may also come to tolerate higher levels of aggression in society, in personal behavior, or in interpersonal interactions. The third effect is known as the Mean World Syndrome, which theorizes that as a result of the amount of violence seen on television and also the context and social perspective portrayed through the media, certain individuals develop a belief that the world is a bad and dangerous place, and begin to fear violence and victimization in real life (A.A.P. 2001).
Zillman, D. & Weaver, J. Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Gratuitous Media Violence on Provoked and Unprovoked Hostile Behavior.
The sense of what is right and wrong comes from within and is not influenced by what
In a research analysis of Media and Violence, studies show that “Although the typical effect size for exposure to violent media is relatively small ... this ‘small effect’ translates into significant consequences for society as a whole” (“Media and Violence: An Analysis of Current Research”, 2015). This states violent behaviors can come from the smallest variables, or clips from videos, which is why it is important for parents to control what their kids see, read, and watch, and limit the amount of violence exposure.
This is a blanket assumption based on an affect seen on a part of the brain that is not yet proven to control “desensitization.” Admittedly I am not a scientist, but I find it difficult to make the leap from “proven desensitization” to predicted future violence. Introduction The debate about media violence has been going on for hundreds of years. The newest form of media being scrutinized is video games. I will be taking you through this debate and sharing with you some things that you may find surprising.
Therefore those who become desensitised to violence may perceive it as “normal” and be more likely to engage in violence them selves. The desensitisation hypothesis claims that excessive media violence diminishes the disgust with which we normally view violence and makes us more relaxed about its consequences. However research lacks in support of this claim and some research even shows a complete opposite. Goldstein, for example, found that immediately after seeing a violent film, men were more concerned about murder, and more punitive towards those who commit murder. This finding was confirmed across four different countries and therefore showed no support for the desensitisation hypothesis.
Summary #1 Television violence, and media violence in general, has been a controversial topic for several years. The argument is whether young children are brainwashed into committing violent real-world crimes because of violent and pugnacious behavior exposed in mass media. In his article “No Real Evidence for TV Violence Causing Real Violence”, Jonathan Freedman, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and author of “Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression: Assessing the Scientific Evidence”, discusses how television violence, claimed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), does not cause real-world aggression among adolescents. The FCC determined to restrict violent television programming to late night hours only because their “scientific research” proves of increasing aggression among young viewers (Freedman Par. 2).
Television violence causes children and teenagers to be less caring, to lose their inhibitions, and to be less sensitive. In a study on the connection between violence and television done with 1,565 teenage boys over a six-year period in London, William Belson, a British psychologist, found that every time a child saw someone being shot or killed on television they became less caring towards other people (Kinnear 26). William Belson also discovered that every time a child viewed this violence on television, they lost a fragment of their inhibitions towards others (Kinnear 26). In addition to William Belson’s study, studies done by many scientists and doctors show that seeing violence on television causes viewers to become less sensitive to the pain of others (Mudore 1).
Many experts agree on the fact that what we observe, especially as children and teenagers, influences our behavior but the question is: to what degree? Although some psychologists argue that children are “intelligent enough” to differentiate reality from fiction, when it comes to certain stimulus and the responses they cause, I disagree. Violence in both media and videogames has been proven time and time again to be a leading cause of desensitization, which refers to “the gradual reduction in responsiveness to a stimulus as through repeated exposure”. In the context of media violence, desensitization specifically describes “a process in which responses to violent stimuli are reduced, thereby changing an individual’s present internal state.” Desensitization is common
With the explosion of technology today, access to the media is at your fingertips, anytime, anywhere, and almost 24/7. Video games, movies, cartoons, daily news, websites, music videos, and even in commercials, violence is everywhere, and it becomes harder and harder to avoid. Violence in the media has been increasing and reaching dangerous proportions. According to Report of the Media Violence Commission, the effects are remarkably consistent regardless of type of medium, age, gender, or where the person lives in the world (336). Many studies and researches reveal the empirical evidence that links violence in movies and television shows to aggressive behavior in children, teenagers, and adults. Increasing aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, and fear are three types of negative effects contributed to by violence in movies and television shows. The article, “The Influence of Media Violence on Youth” emphasizes that violent television shows, films, and music reveal unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood aggressive and violent behavior in both immediately, and in the long term (Anderson, Craig A., 81). Violence now has gone into the mainstream. The Hunger Games, one of the top grossing films in 2013 replete with blood, gore and violence. The Walking Dead was once voted highest-rated entertainment program on TV with horrific violent scenes, killing from stabbing into the heads, bloody corpses, and disturbing, haunting images shown in most of the scenes. CBS’ Criminal Minds is television show with series of scary scenarios showing the violent murders of psychopath people. Worst of all, Silence of the Lambs deals with a psychopath who ...