Table of contents:
Introduction
Conceptual background & Theory
i) National defence - A Public good. ii) The efficiency dilemma.
Use of Market instruments
i) Shift in governments key objective
Change in Economic & competitive environment
i.) Definition of State Power ii.) New security threats iii.) Surplus of military personnel
Case discussion
i) Afghanistan & Iraq ii) Role of the government & policies
Conclusion, Recommendations & Limitations
Introduction.
Nowadays competition and market forces are seen as the major driver for efficient allocation of resources in the economy. In reality however no one country relies on the market alone. In various sectors of the economy including but not limited to education, healthcare, state
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APPENDIX
Graph 1 shows the Type of Service Provided by contractors (As of March 2011). Table 2 Demonstrates the Ratio and the absolute number of troops and contractors used in missions in Afghanistan and Iraq only. Both table and graph one have been taken from: Schwartz, M., & Swain, J. (2011). Department of Defense Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: Background and
Creating and managing agency budgets is a complicated process. How an agency receives and allocates its funds determines how, when, and if the agency will remain viable and how it will achieve its mission. “As a practical matter, therefore, agencies often base their annual budget request on last year’s budget after making incremental categorical changes of previous expenditures” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2012, p. 40). Organizations, however, are affected by the political climate around them. The September 11, 2001 attack on America brought a substantive reaction, including military deployment abroad and increased surveillance within the homeland. As a result, the Department of Homeland Security was created to control and coordinate a number of federal law enforcement and
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Department of Homeland Security (DHS). (n.d.). Creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/creation-department-homeland-security
Witte, Griff. "Afghanistan War (2001-present)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.
The military has always been there and we as Americans never question it. Thousands of men and women have dedicated their lives to serving this country. From World War II on to present day our military is constantly growing and evolving. Many people believe our military is nothing but destructive and harmful. To me, the military and people who serve the military are very brave and caring individuals. Our armed forces help change the way that not only America views things, but also the world. We were one of the first armies to accept women and homosexuals into the service. Do not get me wrong, every accomplishment and growth we have made was not obtained with open arms. Before WWII America was just the same as every other
The United States of America has a long history of trying to provide support and benefits for the men (and recently women) who have fought for the country dating back to the Colonial War time in 1636. The Pilgrims passed a law saying the colony would care for the disabled soldiers who fought against Native Americans (U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs, 2015b). During this time, it was customary for veterans to receive pensions for their service during war-time. This effort was made to prevent desertions and to encourage more men to enlist. Another effort the U.S. government made was to offer public land free to men who fought in the war due to only 3,000 men drawing on the pensions offered during the Revolutionary
Of this total, around $500 billion comprises the base budget which “includes funding for the procurement of military equipment and the daily operations costs of U.S. bases” (Gould & Bender, 2015). Basically, home defense measures amount to over eighty-percent of the nation’s defense budget. With these astronomical figures, one may question whether or not these types of expenditures are excessive when considering the infrequency of attacks on U.S. soil. To further break down this nearly $500 billion base budget, roughly $200 billion is allotted for operations/maintenance, $135 billion for military personnel, $90 billion for procurement, and $65 billion for research/development (Gould & Bender, 2015). In a world where people rush to purchase lottery tickets at the hopes of hitting a jackpot worth a few million, these expenditures are incomprehensible and may seem excessive; however, not everyone feels this way. In an article found on the U.S. Department of Defense’s website, the “DoD has done its best to manage through this prolonged period of budget uncertainty, the secretary said, making painful choices and tradeoffs” and that in “today’s security environment we need to be dynamic and we need to be responsive. What we have now is a straitjacket” (Pellerin, 2015). At the end of the day, it is all about who is being asked whether the defense
Leaders today need to have an appreciation for the operation process, understand a situation, envision a desired future, and to lay out an approach that will achieve that future (Flynn & Schrankel, 2013). Plans need to be created that can be modified to changes in any factors considered. However, plans should not be dependent on specific information being precise or that require things to go exactly according to schedule. Instead, the staff NCO should be flexible where they can and always be prepared for the unexpected. Today’s military members are fighting an unconventional war in Iraq and Afghanistan. The enemy constantly changes their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP’s) to counter the United States technological advances, making planning very difficult for leaders. There are multiple tools at a staff NCO’s disposal to try to anticipate an outcome of a current operation, but also assist with the development of concepts in follow-on missions. The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is just one tool a staff NCO can utilize. In order to stay ahead of the enemy, create effective plans and orders, it is critical for a staff NCO to assist the commander, and understand that the MDMP and planning are essential in defeating the enemy and conserving the fighting force.
Contracting private military companies and private security contractors are not without their issues. Management of these companies and contractors are a crucial issue for the government. One of the most significant challenges in d...
"The soldier is the Army. No army is better than its soldiers. The Soldier is also a citizen. In fact, the highest obligation and privilege of citizenship is that of bearing arms for one’s country” (-General George S. Patton Jr). Here within our borders we are the lucky ones, we have been blessed with the pleasure of so many brave men and women; to volunteer in the world's greatest military; and put their lives on the line for something that they believe is a moral obligation. But, think of some other countries, that have conscription (the practice of ordering people by law to serve in the armed forces) laws. We as a nation have some laws on conscription, and if you are male and above the age of 18 you have already signed the slip of paper stating that in the time of war; if our great nation re-instated the draft then there is a great chance you will be serving on the frontline of the next Great War. This brings me to my first topic of this page, is it ethical to have a draft? My second topic that I will discuss will be on if it is morally acceptable to "draft dodge". What I mean on the second topic is if you have a right; that morally allows you to not go fight in the war.
of those under U.S. control. Under this promise on November 24. 2003 the president signed an authorization bill to set aside 401.3 billion dollars for the Department of Defense. This p...
Definitions of “national security” are contentious due their subjective nature. This report will briefly explain traditional definitions of “national security” before providing a definition specific to Australia. This definition will then be used to identify three crucial challenges to Australia’s national security posture. The traditional definition of “national security” is militaristic and focuses on political independence and territorial integrity (Baldwin, 1997, p9), however this definition is often built upon and expanded to include whatever values are deemed important by the definition’s author, whether that is an individual, a government department or an entire state. Values that might be added to a definition of “nation security” include energy
Lopez, Brendan CDT H-4 ’12. Assistance given to the author, verbal discussion. CDT Lopez edited my paper and gave me feedback on style and format. He recommended that I reword the intent behind the Soviet contributions to Afghan infrastructure. He also recommended that I discuss the lengths that the American government had gone to build cell towers in Afghanistan.
National defense being another example where the role of government is indispensable, because people do not pay for each unit the...
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.