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Recommended: Global warming eassay
Introduction:
Deforestation is the clearing of a forest and/or cutting down of trees for human benefits such as agriculture, wood exports, etc. Deforestation is the cause of numerous environmental impacts such as habitat loss, flooding and soil erosion. It can also cause climate change, by reducing the amount of rainfall and changing the amount of sunlight reflected from Earth’s surface and increases the risk of forest . Tree growth is important for biodiversity because they absorb carbon dioxide which is a harmful greenhouse gas . However, since deforestation reduces natural carbon sinks, it disrupts the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air to increase. This poses a serious threat since carbon dioxide traps the sun’s heat and radiated light inside the earth’s atmosphere. So, with the increase in carbon dioxide more heat is trapped and thus adding to the effects of global warming. Among the many places where deforestation takes place, Amazon seems to be one of the most affected ones. More than 20 percent of it is already gone, and much more of it is severely threatened due to deforestation . It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year .
Pro arguments:
The Kyoto Protocol set by the United Nations allocates countries to offset their greenhouse gas emissions by growing what they lost, that is reforestation, and/or establishing a forest in a barren land, that is afforestation. Each country is allowed a certain quota that limits their greenhouse emissions. For companies that uses deforestation for commercial purposes must reforest the land they cut off to compensate for the loss. More often than not the land is left alo...
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5) The Amazon Rain Forest Is in Danger of Being Destroyed" by Devadas Vittal. Rain Forests. HaiSong Harvey, Ed. At Issue Series. Greenhaven Press, 2002. Reprinted from Devadas Vittal, Introduction: What Is the Amazon Rainforest? Internet: http://www.homepages.go.com/homepages/d/v/i/dvittal/amazon/intro.html, November 1999, by permission of the author. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Viewpoints&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010021212&mode=view
Wright, David, Heather LaRocca, and Grant DeJongh. "Global Problems." The Amazonian Rainforest: Forest to Farmland? The University of Michigan, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
Tropical rainforests are an extremely unique and diverse ecosystem that are located around the earth’s equator. They once covered roughly 7% of the world, but due to human encroachment that has dwindled to just 2%. It is a highly moisture rich environment that typically receives anywhere between 60 and 400 inches of rainfall annually and average humidity ranges from 70 to 90%. A high average year round temperature, coupled with the moisture rich environment, creates an ecosystem that allows for a level of biodiversity seen nowhere else on the planet. This also results in a specific type of layering design that allows the system to survive and recycle its nutrients.
When the Portuguese landed in Brazil 500 years ago the sight that greeted them was of a huge rain forest, which then ran along much of Brazil’s Atlantic coast. In more recent times, there has been an outcry over the destruction of the much larger Amazon forest. But its devastation is nothing compared to Brazil’s Atlantic forest. About 86% of Brazil’s Amazon forest is still intact but only about 7% of the Atlantic forest remains. In this paper, I will explain why the Atlantic forest was destroyed, why deforestation happens, and the effects of rain forest destruction and the effect it is having on the Earth.
Palmer, Charles, and Stefanie Engel. Avoided Deforestation: Prospects for Mitigating Climate Change. London: Routledge, 2008. Print.
The Amazon is a vast region spanning across six South America countries Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela (Walker, & Cesareo 2014). The Amazon is one of the most developed rainforest of anywhere in the world. Over two-thirds of all the fresh water and 20% of the earth’s oxygen are produced in the Amazons (wcupa.edu). Despite the vital role of the Amazons, carless practices continue the rapid deforestation of the ecosystem. (Mainville, et al, 2006). The main causes of deforestation include unsustainable logging, agriculture, invasive species, fire, fuel wood gathering, and livestock grazing (Thompson, et al. 2013). The widespread of this issue is of importance in global policy processes, which deals with biodiversity, climate change, and forest management (Thompson, et al. 2013). The Ecuador has some of the highest rates of deforestation; an estimated 3% of the land is yearly destroyed (Mecham, 2001). “The Ecuador’s interandean basin native vegetation has been practically eliminated since colonial times, replaced by crops, pasture, towns and cities, and exotic tree plantations. This area suffers severe soil erosion problems even today” (Mecham, 2001). The continuum of deforestation issues continues to destroy the ecological habitat of the Amazonian Indians (Mecham, 2001). In the area of Napo River Valley West of the Ecuadorian Amazon, deforestation has resulted in an abrupt end of harmony between man and nature (Mainville, et al., 2006). The desire for economic profits continues to fuel the already alarming rate of the Amazon. According to the Rain Forest foundation, “When Texaco entered the Ecuadorean Oriente in, 1967; the area was considered the most biodiverse place on Earth. Since then, more than 20 billi...
"Brazil: Amazon Rain Forest Destruction and Reforestation Policies." Global Issues in Context Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Global Issues In Context. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
The Amazon rainforest is perhaps the richest collection of plant and animals diversity in the world. It recycles rainfall from coastal regions to the continental interior, providing water for Brazil’s inland agriculture. Big industries like Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge, and Cargill have established industrial soy plantations in Brazil that are taking over large plots of land in the Amazon rainforest (Food for Thought). Soy has been popularized in the past decade as a healthy protein substitute for the restricted diets of vegetarians and vegans. In the past 40 years, soybean production has increased by 500% (Soy Benefits). International demand for the soybean has been on the rise, and with it comes an increase in deforestation and environmental degradation.
Nowadays deforestation is the one of the most important and controversial environmental issues in the world. Deforestation is cutting down, clearing away or burning trees or forests. Particularly tropical rainforests are the most waning type of forests because of its location in developing countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, India, central African countries and Brazil. Deforestation rate in those regions is high enough to worry about, because of large economic potential of forest areas. As the result of causes such as agriculture land expansion, logging for timber, fire blazing and settling infrastructure there might be serious impacts in future. For instance, extinction of endemic species of animals and plants which will be feral, increase of greenhouse gas emissions which may lead to global warming and consecutive catastrophes, destruction of home for indigenous residents which is considered as violation of human rights. Some people can argue with these drawbacks telling that deforestation have more valuable benefits such as growth of economics, production of food and providing better opportunities for life for poor families. However, these benefits are quite temporary and government of that countries and world organisations tries to halt deforestation proposing several solutions. Deforestation problem is especially acute in the Brazilian Amazon, where its rate is much high comparing with other regions. This paper will describe world-wide rainforests, causes and effects of deforestation, and evaluate possible solutions of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Brazil deforestation has been a global issue for the past decades. In the Amazon rainforest, there have been many miles of trees cut down by loggers, ranchers, and farmers. This has happened ever since the 1970’s when “a flood of miners and settlers rushed into the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, hungry for gold and land” (Brown). The rainforest has been called the world’s lung because it has billion of trees that produces oxygen and absorbs carbon dioxide produced in the air by factories and pollution (Saving). Since it has been cut down, thousands of square miles, it is not absorbing much carbon dioxide and not producing enough oxygen for us to breathe. The government has not made this global issue a top priority because they know that it will cost billions of dollars to restore and fix the rainforest since so much of it has been cut down. The amazon rainforest is 2.124 million square miles and they have cut 20% of the Amazon. “Every day, an average of 214,000 acres (86,000 hectares) of the tropical forest disappears” (“Rainforest”). Also many medicines come from the amazon, and if we keep cutting it down, then we won’t be able to create these medicines to cure people.
The Amazon forest faces threats like climate change, cattle ranching and agricultural expansion, badly planned infrastructure, illegal logging, oil exploration, gold mining, overharvesting of fish or other water species, commercial fishing, biopiracy and smuggling, poaching, and lastly damming. Eighty percent of cut down forest areas in the Amazon are cattle. Runoff from pastures pollutes rivers. Fires used to control fields often spread into the remaining forest. The people that commercial fish usually lose up to sixty percent of the fish due to spoilage. 232,000 square miles of Amazon has been destroyed due to logging. In the Amazon about sixty to eighty percent of logging is done illegally. Rainforests used to cover about fourteen percent of earth surface but now it is only six percent. If we don’t stop all these threats in about forty years there won’t be any rainforests at
In the nonfiction articles, “Sumatran Rainforest Will Mostly Disappear” by John Vidal and “Amazon Doomed Species Set to Pay Extinction Price” by Ian Sample explain deforestation and the costs of the situation. Both authors include strong points that give an idea of how the forests may end. Vidal gives many details about the consequences of deforestation, while Sample gives some details but not as many. Although Sample sets a good idea and generalization of deforestation in the Amazon, Vidal gives strong details that show the social conflicts, life-threatening effects, and future disadvantages and benefits of deforestation.
There is an extensive body of literature on the topic. However, different researches suggest various models for identifying the causes of deforestation. The one approach I found most appealing is to try to understand the deforestation process as a result of the interplay of various inter-related factors. Therefore, instead of trying to identify only one dominant cause of deforestation from a policy perspective it is much more beneficial to stick to an explanatory model of deforestation which treats deforestation as an outcome. In this respect the model introduced in the paper "Causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: a qualitative comparative analysis." provides an interesting
“If we’re going to stop deforestation, we need governments to do their part” (“Solutions to Deforestation”). The solution to deforestation begins with governments in the Amazonian area tightening control over the businesses logging there. By creating acts and passing bills the government can regulate how often they are allowed to log and where. This will create safe havens in places where species are endangered and will dramatically decrease the rate at which deforestation is occurring. Not to forget the soil will then be preserved, and global warming will take a downfall as
The release of excess CO2, because of large clearing of forests is a long-term problem, as it causes the land to be inhabitable by animals and humans. This causes a large economical cost to the environment as the area is no longer able to be of any use and is also destroying the atmosphere. Some people would not understand how much effect that land clearing actually has to the world. Most people would understand that trees create oxygen, however, they would be unaware that when trees are cut down, they release CO2, back into the atmosphere, which is damaging the Earth. The problem is illegal loggers and large industrial companies, are selfish and would not care about the destructive effects, therefore they would continue to clear land as long as it benefits them. Planting more trees can potentially repair the damage of deforestation, however, there is no certain fix to this
The Amazon Rainforest is environmentally harmed through development through means of extraction of its natural resources such as lumber, cattle ranching and agricultural practices. South America and particularly Brazil’s Amazon is environmentally exploited by multinational companies and the global north. With this the environmental consequences as well as the negative social, economic and political impacts should be considered. The sociopolitical variables relative to the aforementioned need to be evaluated. The Amazon Rainforest is a significant global environmental issue, as the impact on the natural environment is reflected from human activities. With this we consider development and environmental politics relative to the Amazon Rainforest.