Decline Of The Ottoman Empire Essay

Explain the reason for the fall of the Ottoman During most of the seventeenth century the Ottoman Empire was territorially stable but during the last years of the century, beginning with the Ottoman rejection in the second siege of Vienna (1683), the Empire suffered a series of military defeats, first at the hands of Austria and later Russia in the Turkish-Russian Wars. With the Treaty of Jassy (1792), the Ottomans, who since 1774 had lost the Crimean Khanate for Russia, they lost their territories north of the Danube and all territories east of the Dniester also Russian hands. In other European territories and in Asia and Africa, there were many more or less autonomous on which the central government had little control rulers.

There were

two responses to this decline by the Ottomans. On one hand, they maintained that the root of the problem was that the Ottoman institutions, starting with the Army, had allowed the decline of the splendor that had prevailed in the fifteenth century and the answer was back to the old situation. Furthermore, the sector powerfully represented by the civil bureaucracy, believed that the problem was that European states had made military gains that needed the Ottomans equalized. During the nineteenth century it dominated the second option and the result was the Ottoman reform movement that began during the reign of Mahmud II. However, it was discovered that the military reform needed much more far-reaching changes in the government and, ultimately, in society, in the long term.

The collapse and extinction of the Ottoman Empire resulted from the First World War.

The government made the mistake of entering the war on the side of the Central Powers, and Germany's defeat meant the end of the Ottomans. They were not too many problems during the first two years of the war, although they suffered defeats by Russia to the east of Asia Minor. But in 1917-1918, when they started in Iraq and Syria new offensives British, the Ottoman forces began to decline and after the signing of the Armistice Mudros (October 1918) the Ottomans had lost everything but Anatolia. The Ottomans were forced to sign the Treaty of Sevres (1920), through which not only lost the Arab provinces but also suffered the division of Anatolia. In opposition to the plans allies, in particular the invasion of Izmir by Greece in May 1919, a nationalist movement arose under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; this movement carried out armed resistance until in 1922 the Greeks were defeated and driven out of Anatolia and eastern Thrace. The sultan was committed for their acquiescence to the policy of the Allies, and November 1, 1922 abolished the Ottoman dynasty and the Empire reached its conclusion. A year later was replaced by the Republic of

Turkey.