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Cultural and national identity
Cultural and national identity
Cultural and national identity
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Source 1 is an infographic with a title of "a nation is born." This infographic presents the different nations that oppose the independence of Kosovo as well as the percentage of the distribution of ethnic Albanians and Serbs within Kosovo. The countries location in Europe is also presented. The source has a strong relation to the term 'nationalism'. It relates to nationalism through the concept that Kosovo is now considered a nation-state which 90% of Kosovo Albanians makeup. The message being given through the title in the infographic solely explains that a nation was born when Kosovo had gained a declaration of independence adopted on February 17th, 2008 by the representatives of the Kosovo people as it had been a part of Serbia since the …show more content…
It describes the differences and similarities of a nation. Ernest Gellner describes the difference of nationalism by revealing that some nations have emerged without the blessing of their own state and, a state having to emerge without the blessing of its own nation, which simply expresses that you can have one without the other whether it is a nation and a state or vice versa, as well as the distinction of Serbia being opposed of Kosovo. The message that is being indicated in the quote utters that nationalism does not have to be the belief that a nation can only be complete with its sate. It is based on the importance that a 'nation' and a 'state' must emerge. The links to the source the relate back to nationalism are the terms nation and state used by Ernest Gellner in the quote. A nation consists of an ethnic or cultural community whereas state refers to a political entity with a high degree of sovereignty. Whether it is a nation or a state, the people who live within them have a shared sense of belonging, this ties back to the definition of nationalism meaning that one's country is superior to the other leading nations and states to wanting to be sovereign based on the shared …show more content…
The two sources encourage the separation of either a state or a nation. Sources 1 and 3 are a representation of cultural nationalism indicating that a country may seek independence through shared beliefs and ideas that one's culture or country may be superior to others. Ukraine separated from Russia just as Kosovo had separated from Serbia through a shared sense of beliefs within the nations. The two sources also portray the idea of a nation-state. A relationship that connects sources 2 and 3 is Ukraine's emergence from Russia which had been independent and contingent. Source 2 points out that in order for a state to become intended for a nation each of them had to emerge. When Ukraine wanted independence, it had to be clear that Ukraine had to emerge in order to see if it was intended to be a part of Russia which became clear that it was not. The three of these sources all link to nationalism simply by a country gaining independence by the shared sense of belonging, beliefs and values among the people. These sources are a clear representation of dealing with the distinction of a nation, state, and a
"The Nationalism Project: Ernest Renan Defining the Nation." The Nationalism Project. http://www.nationalismproject.org/what/renan.htm (accessed April 4, 2014).
In fact, sometimes it is actively encouraged as part of preserving the culture and the traditional aspects of the nation in question; for example, routine celebrations of national holiday and the wearing of cultural clothing demonstrate moderate forms of nationalism. However, it is when extreme pride in one’s nation leads to acts that contravene common decency that the forces of nationalism become dangerous. A historical example of such an event was the Bosnian war and the resulting Bosnian genocide that occurred shortly after the partition of Yugoslavia in the early 1990’s. In this event, extreme Serbian nationalism called for the unity of the Serbian peoples in Bosnia-Herzegovina - an event that echoes the words of the source. Serbian leaders and followers believed that their culture and people were superior to that of the neighbouring ethnic groups - the Bosniaks and the Croatians - and thought that they needed to be eliminated because of the potential threat they posed to the establishment of an autonomous Serbian Republic, or “Greater Serbia”. In the course of the war, and the ethnic cleansing that followed, more than 100,000 Bosniaks and Croatians were to be killed in a mass act of genocide. This appalling and gruesome figure shows the extent to which extreme nationalism is unacceptable and how unification of a people by force is both detrimental and wrong on all
The last two decades of the twentieth century gave rise to turbulent times for constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, eventually leading them to split apart. There were a number of damaging aspects of past history and of the political and economic circumstances that contributed to the breakup and eventually caused the situation to snowball into a deadly series of inter-ethnic conflicts. Yugoslavia was reunified at the end of the war when the communist forces of Josip Broz Tito liberated the country. Under Tito, Yugoslavia adopted a relatively liberal form of government in comparison to other East European communist states at the time and experienced a period of relative economic and political stability until Tito’s death in 1980. In addition to internal power struggles following the loss of their longtime leader, Yugoslavia faced an unprecedented economic crisis in the 1980’s. As other communist states began to fall in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, some former Communist leaders abandoned communism and founded or supported ethno-national parties, blaming the economic suffering on the flaws of communism and other ethnic groups. The ethnic violence that followed would not have been possible without the willingness of politicians from every side to promote ethno-nationalist symbols and myths through media blitzes, which were especially effective due to low levels of education in the former Yugoslavia. Shadows of the events of World War II gave these politicians, especially the Serbs, an opportunity to encourage the discussion and exaggeration of past atrocities later in the century. The ethnic violence in the former Yugoslavia can be traced back to a series of linked damaging factors such as the de...
There are three types of nationalism movements: unification, separation, and state-building. Unification involves politically divided but culturally similar lands merging to create new nations. Nationalism has destroyed empires and created new nations. Examples of unification include Italy and Germany in the 19th century. thing.
Nationalism is a type of ism, which is associated with the French and German. It all started in the later 19th century. The people were starting to become more aware of the heritage and identities as being part of a nation. Stravinsky is a composer of nationalism. In following the genre he composed folk songs based on national understanding and pride.
Nationalism is a political, economic and social ideology, doctrine and practice describing the “advocacy of or support for the interests of one’s own nation”, especially above the interests of other outside nations, individuals, and regions (“Nationalism”). It is a conscious state of mind where individuals believe their duty and loyalty is to the nation-state. It believes that a nation is the most crucial aspect for human social life because it gives a nation a sense of unity by promoting the shared interests and identities of the individuals such as language, race, religion etc. (“Nationalism”). Therefore, the aim of nationalism is to preserve and promote the nation’s culture as opposed to other cultures. Politically, the goal is gaining and
Throughout the years, humans have constructed many unique civilizations; all which follow a distinct social, economic, and political structure. Even so, there is one characteristic that prevails among these societies, the concept of nationalism. In short, nationalism refers to the feelings people have when identifying with their nation. This simple notion possesses the ability to divide or unite collective groups, and has played an important role in many historical events.
There are two kinds of nationalism. There were the early forms of nationalism, where people of a similar race and nationality wanted a nation to themselves.
Why It Proved to be Impossible to Solve the Problems Created by Balkan Nationalism Before 1914 Balkan nationalism was apparent in the years leading up to 1914 in two forms: The desire for expansion, or rather, self-determination, within the immediate region, and also in the support of Pan-Slav nationalism (a Russian idea). In the years from 1900 to 1914, this nationalism caused the key problems of mistrust and suspicion between the two great powers of Austria Hungary and Russia, who’s conflicting national interests concerning the Balkan states arose from mutual distrust and desire to gain influence in the area and brought to the surface the conflicting national interests of the two countries within the region. The reasons it why it proved impossible to solve these aforementioned issues and soothe the tensions will be the focus of this essay. The Bosnian crisis of 1908 resulted form the annexation of the Balkan provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria Hungary.
“Nationalism” is defined as “A social and political outlook insisting that the state should embody a national community united by some or all of the following: history, ethnicity, religion, common culture, and language” . Essentially, nationalism is an intense pride for ones’ country caused by a push for national unity. Nationalism was stirred due to the sense of loss in national origin.
Gagnon, V. P. (2004). The myth of ethnic war: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
During the early stages of Napoleon’s empire in Europe, much of the territories controlled by France and enemies of France resented French continental domination. Territories dreamed of independence from Napoleon’s rule, and they aspired to be unified as nations, even though Napoleon brought about great reform to conquered regions. During end of the eighteenth century, nationalism emerged as an ideology in which people of similar race, language, and religion identified with each other under a nation. However, as the most of Europe finally united into nation states while managing to secure their liberty and independence through reform in the mid 1800’s, another form of nationalism arose. By the influence of urbanization, industrialization, and
What political factors contributed to the idea of Albanian nationalism after the breakup of Yugoslavia that contributed to the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. To determine the political factors that contributed to Albanian nationalism, this investigation will focus on the aftermath of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the social landscape of Kosovo after the breakup and the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. The views of the Albanians and Serbs will be examined to help develop a more contextual understanding of the rise of Albanian nationalism. Only the events that are relevant to the Kosovo War will be explored in this investigation.
Socialist Serbia’s Narratives: FromYugoslavia to a Greater Serbia Guzina, Dejan. " Socialist Serbia's narratives: From Yugoslavia to a greater Serbia." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17, no. 1 (2003): 91-111. In the paper, Guzina presents Serbian national discourses about the relation between the official Yugoslavism and Serbian nationalism.
Nationalism is the idea that a people who have much in common, such as language, culture and geographic proximity ought to organize in such a way that it creates a stable and enduring state. Nationalism is tied to patriotism, and it is the driving force behind the identity of a culture. Nationalism had many effects in Europe from 1815, The Congress of Vienna and beyond. In the following essay I will describe many of the consequences of nationalism on European identity, as well as some of the conflicts that it created.