The ways punishments are used have been affected by the views of many societies. Some influences that lead to changes in punishments are religious views and the different statuses of the people. From the medieval period of Roman Britain to today’s society the changing religious views led to the punishments themselves being altered. Societies whose punishments have changed throughout time include Roman Britain and Ancient Greece.
The death penalty was used frequently during the medieval times in Roman Britain to discourage the people from committing any types of crimes. Criminals were sentenced to death for committing a range of crimes, the most common being felonies including theft and murder. They were often put to death using a range of resources such as being hanged or beheaded. The criminals were punished so harshly to deter the people from committing any further crimes. Source 1 portrays a woman being beheaded, this could be because she stole something worth more than two days wages or has committed a murder. Her crime has been deemed serious enough that she has to be executed to be portrayed for others not to commit the same crime as she has or they will suffer the same fate. Wealthy people who are in a higher class who have committed similar or the same crimes would be exiled to another city, unless they had tried to go against the king in which case they would be executed. Over the years the death penalty has become much less common.
Later days in Roman Britain, much less harsher punishments are given to criminals, such as a jail sentence or mutilation. A criminal would be more likely to who be punished with mutilations as it would give them a chance to repent for their sins before they died rather than to be executed, wit...
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...ished except for under certain circumstances, only for the most serious crimes of a military nature committed during wartime. This was in relation to the words of their many gods and goddesses, whom they believed settled their matters and discrepancies with trials.
There are many similarities and differences between Medieval Roman Britain and Ancient Greece. A similarity would be their fondness of the death penalty. They each viewed the death penalty as a way to express to their people not to commit crimes and therefore most of the crimes were punished this way. They were different however in the way that the Roman Britains used death as an example to others, whilst the Greek believed they were cleansing the earth. As time went on the punishments became less severe as they each turned to religion, to atone for their sins and to be closer to the gods and goddesses.
When the our criminal justice system introduced punishments, sanctions for criminal behavior tended to be public events which were designed to shame the person and deter others. These punishments included ducking stool, the pillory, whipping, branding and the stocks. As years progressed, these punishments have slowly started disappear from our penology and capital punishment was introduced. According to Kronenwetter,
"Chapter XVII: Of Sundry Kinds Of Punishment Appointed For Offenders." Historion.net • History Online • Description of Elizabethan England, 1577 •. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
The aim of this lesson will be to develop students understanding of crime and punishment in Medieval Europe. As outlined in AUSVELS, this will include investigating different kinds of crime and punishment utilised and the ways the nature of crime and punishment has either stayed the same throughout history, or changed over time.
Criminals were not dealt with in private. They were displayed in towns and the middle of the marketplace for all the people to see. Many were witnessed by hundreds of people. Commoners treated punishment days as “exciting” days out("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). The crowds of people who gathered for the public punishments and executions could be considered twisted individuals. They relished these days. For example, theft resulted in public hanging for all of the people to watch. Often times crimes were falsely accused and the crowds knew it, but nothing could be done. Small crimes, such as stealing bird eggs would result in a death sentence. It was the terrible price starving people had to pay because the government made begging illegal("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). Many crimes resulted in brutal beatings. Beatings and executions were definitely not an issue, the only question was the type of beating a person would get or how they a would be executed("Elizabethan Crime and Punishment" 1). A lot of times the Upper class was exempt from punishment unless it was a serious crime. Unfortunately, the Commoners did not get that valuable treatment because they were almost always in trouble. With any evidence of relationships with evil spirits condemned a person to death by hanging, burning, or drowning. More punishments included: beheading, pressing, and the drunkard's cloak. The drunkard’s cloak was basically a big barrel
as show, were subjected to brisk trials where some were killed, and some imprisoned for
Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime. In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principally, treason and murder, that is, the deliberate premeditated killing of another person. In the early 18th and 19th century the death penalty was inflicted in many ways. Some ways were, crucifixion, boiling in oil, drawing and quartering, impalement, beheading, burning alive, crushing, tearing asunder, stoning and drowning. In the late 19th century the types of punishments were limited and only a few of them remained permissible by law.
The Middle Ages lasted approximately 1,000 years, from the 5th to 15th century. The early part of the Middle Ages is also known as the Dark Ages. The Middle Ages has many nicknames including the Golden Ages and Medieval Times. One of the most accurate nicknames for the Middle Ages is, the Age of Faith. When one thinks of the Golden Ages, famine, plague, economic depression, crusades, disease, bloody wars, Vikings, persecution, and torture all come to mind. Torture during the Medieval Times was viewed differently than it is viewed today. Today, torture is viewed as cruel, inhuman, and degrading. In the U.S. torture is illegal but is sometimes used by the CIA and correctional facilities without public acknowledgement. As Schild said, “ In general, there are many indication that the people living at the time did not perceive the brutality of execution in the same way we would perceive it today, because they were filled with a deep sense of sin and thus were open to torture” (Thedeus).
Capital punishment is a declining institution as the twentieth century nears its end. At one time capital punishment was a common worldwide practice, but now it is only used for serious violation of laws in 100 of the world's 180 nations (Haines 3 ). It can be traced back to the earliest forms of civilization. The origins of the movement away from capital punishment are difficult to date precisely. The abolition movement can be heard as early as the religious sermons of the Quakers in the 1640's (Masur 4). In the seventeenth century, the Anglo-American world began to rely less on public executions and more in favor of private punishments. The possible decline in popularity of the capital punsihment system is directly related to the many controversial issues it entails such as: the questions of deterrence, morals and ethics, constitutionality, and economics.
"Today's system, where imprisonment is a common penalty for most crimes, is a historical newcomer." Many crimes during 1718 and 1776 were punishable by death. This was usually done by hanging, sometimes by stoning, breaking on the rack and burning at the stake. Towards the end of the 1700's people realized that cruel punishment did little to reduce crime and their society was changing the population grew and people started to move around more frequently. There had to be a search for new punishments. "New punishments were to rely heavily on new ideas imported from Europe in the writing of such social thinkers of the Enlightenment as the baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Thomas Pain and Cesare Beccaria". These thinkers came to believe that criminals could be rehabilitated."
The death penalty has been promoted for thousands of years, for countless crimes committed by humans. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. The death penalty was also part of the Fourteenth Century B.C.'s Hittite Code; in the Seventh Century B.C.'s Draconian Code of Athens, which made death the only punishment for all crimes; and in the Fifth Century B.C.'s Roman law of the Twelve Tablets. Death sentences were carried out by such means as crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. Now in today’s society the most common methods of execution are; firing squad, hanging, and in recent years: lethal injection which is undeniably more humane than any other form of execution throughout history. The death penalty has been used to protect society from the iniquities that mankind has presented itself. The criminals, rapists, murderers, and sadists, who harm innocent people, should undeniably forfeit their own right to live as Margaret Thatcher has stated. The use of capital punishment is essential to the security of our nation and the justice in which those who are innocent and those who are the victims deserve.
In the 1700’s the United States consisted of the colonies. Prisons were not yet made due to the low population of the colonies and the colonies taking their own justice. Ways to punish people in that time were whippings, the dunking chair, the stocks, and the scarlet letter. Basically, public humiliation was used as a deterrent to control the people. This stopped working when the population began to grow bigger, so other methods had to be used. Cesare Beccaria was a member of the Classical School of penology and influenced the way people thought about punishment. He suggested that punishments should be defined and judges should not have total power. He also stated that laws had to be public and clear. He also said that punishments should be the “minimal possible” in order to deter others from committing similar crimes. This lead to imprisonment being the main punishment used to deter crimes. The Philadelphia Society for Assisting Distressed Prisoners helped to write the new criminal code of 1786, which included hard labour as a form of punishment within a person’s jail sentence. The Philadelphia Society for Assisting Distressed Prisoners bec...
Crime is something that needs to be punished but during the Middle Ages the punishments were meant to reflect the crimes that were committed. Because the punishments were very effective but were not very reasonable todays world had to change those extreme punishments. Crime should not be taken lightly but it should not be punished as harshly as it was during the Medieval Times. So, because the punishments were very effective but weren’t very reasonable today’s world had to change those extreme punishments. People of the Middle Ages were convicted of anything.
I will accomplish this by first providing you with a brief history of the death penalty, then I will discuss grounds for justifying the death penalty, and finally I will dispute some of the popular arguments against the death penalty. To start off, I will discuss the history of the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentences were carried out by such means as crucifixion, boiling, beheading, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. In the Tenth Century A.D., hanging became the usual method of execution in Britain.
Punishing the unlawful, undesirable and deviant members of society is an aspect of criminal justice that has experienced a variety of transformations throughout history. Although the concept of retribution has remained a constant (the idea that the law breaker must somehow pay his/her debt to society), the methods used to enforce and achieve that retribution has changed a great deal. The growth and development of society, along with an underlying, perpetual fear of crime, are heavily linked to the use of vastly different forms of punishment that have ranged from public executions, forced labor, penal welfare and popular punitivism over the course of only a few hundred years. Crime constructs us as a society whilst society, simultaneously determines what is criminal. Since society is always changing, how we see crime and criminal behavior is changing, thus the way in which we punish those criminal behaviors changes.
person knew that a particularly painful punishment was in-store for them, they would not commit the crime. This led to the creation of such punishments as beatings, torture, banishment, death, fines, and public humiliation.