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Analysis of chronicles of a death foretold
Relationship between religion and social change
Chronicle of a death foretold analysis
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Virginity plays a role in many different cultures. A virgin is a person who has not yet had sexual intercourse. Being a female virgin in most cultures is viewed upon as being holy, innocent and pure. Although with males it is not important or of any significance if they are or are not a virgin. In the story Chronicles of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez, the main plot point is a man being murdered for supposedly taking an unmarried woman’s virginity. There is no concrete evidence that the man has done such a thing but he is brutally stabbed anyways. “The entire family’s honor is dependent on the virginity of the daughters” (Balci Güner).
People of different cultures handle women who are not virgins in many different ways. For example,
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Polls and surveys have been conducted in Colombia in attempts to find the religious demographics. They have found that almost 90 percent of the Colombian population practices Christianity, the majority of which, 85 percent are Roman Catholic. While about four percent of the population adheres to some form of Protestant faith, and three percent identifies as either Atheist or Agnostic (“Religious Beliefs in Colombia”).
Throughout the course of Chronicles of a Death Foretold there are many biblical references and symbols, this gives an added sense of religion and Christianity to the story. In Christianity, unmarried women are expected to be virgins and take a vow of chastity. In the First Corinthians 6:18-20 it states, “Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a person commits are outside the body, but whoever sins sexually, sins against their own body. Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore, honor God with your bodies” (“Got Questions”). This states that Christ is in us, he has given us life and we need to honor him. To use someone to fulfill a desire of the flesh is self-centered and abusive which is considered a sin. If a man found that his bride was not a virgin, and he "detested her," he could have her put to
Work Cited Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. Chronicle of a Death Foretold. New York: Vintage International, 2008.
He shows how a society’s cultural beliefs can lead to a murder that people think is alright, all because a woman lost her virginity before marriage. What’s even more astounding is that the Vicario brothers committed murder even though they didn’t want to and they didn’t have sufficient proof. By using Maria Alejandrina Cervantes to show the importance of gender roles and honor in society, Marquez effectively shows how an independent woman can defy cultural and social expectations, while still being a decent human being. He shows how although Maria is looked down upon by society for being a prostitute, she is still a good person without following society’s
The Puritans were a devout people with a fear to sin and Abigail and John Proctor both sinned in their affair, however John Proctor sinned because he put a crack in his marriage, Abigail was considered impure for only committing the act in itself. In court John Proctor grabs Abigail by the hair and condemns her for calling to heaven, only because she was a “whore” and a sinner (Miller 1206). In our society the number of people a woman has slept with define her character, and the more it is the more irredeemable she seems. It is a misogynous belief that was prevalent in the Puritan times, and many people still believe a woman’s purity lies in her virginity.
In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Márquez uses symbols of falconry, flowers, and religion to reflect on important thematic aspects of sexuality, purity, and honor. These symbols represent and provide insight into Márquez’s characters. Márquez’s use of symbolism helps pave the way for the themes that he presents in the novel. Márquez depicts the main character, Santiago Nasar, as a predator in the novel through not only the aggressive tone he uses when he describes him but also through Santiago’s actions.
In The Chronicle of a Death Foretold, religion acts as a foremost determinant of the meaning of Santiago’s murder and parallels biblical passages. Gabriel García Márquez employs religious symbolism throughout his novella which alludes to Christ, his familiars, and his death on the cross. There are many representations throughout the novella that portray these biblical references, such as the murder of Santiago, the Divine Face, the cock’s crowing and the characters, Bayardo San Roman, Maria Cervantes, Divina Flor, and the Vicario children.
In the course of Garcia Marquez’s work, the importance of respect was revealed to be taken almost sacredly in the characters’ Columbian culture. Honor was viewed as a crucial piece of one’s morality. Without honor, one was considered an outcast in society. For example, Angela Vicario was sent home on her wedding night because she was not a virgin. As a result, her mother beat Angela for invoking dishonor upon the family. Angela explains to the narrator, “‘I wasn’t crying because of the blows or anything that had happened… I was crying because of him,’“(P. 91, Garcia). Angela acknowledged that her impurity was reprehensible, therefore she accepted her mother’s thrashing. Her immoral actions led to a failed marriage and scorn upon her family, as well as her husband, Bayardo San Roman.
Upon reading first Corinthians 6:18-20, “Run from sexual sin! No other sin so clearly affects the body as this one does. For sexual immorality is a sin against your own body. Don’t you realize that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourself, for God bought you with a high price. So you must honor God with your body” (
Values are a vital part of any community. They shape the identity of a culture and help to form the identity of each individual in that society. Sometimes these embedded values have more power over a person than anyone would like to admit. Gabriel García Márquez shows the power of the value of honor in his book, Chronicle of a Death Foretold. In García Márquez’s writing, the theme of honor shows to have control over most of the characters. Through the many characters in García Márquez’s book, we can see that the heavy burden of one’s honor is portrayed as the reason for Santiago Nasar’s unfortunate homicide.
Or where was he commanded virginity?” [Norton,118] She asks where in the bible is virginity commanded? If God condemned virginity, there would be no children, and no population: “For hadde God commanded maidenhede, Thanne hadde he dampned wedding with the deede; And certes, if there were no seed ysowe, Virginitee, thanne wherof sholde it growe?” [Norton,118] She then says how she is not jealous of virgin women, and how she always has her man in her bed.
Used to convey characteristics of Colombian culture characters in the Chronicle of a Death Foretold are interviewed by the narrator. This format contributes to the investigative tone of the book. Marquez used character to portray his feeling about some aspects of the Colombian culture aiding one to discover a new culture while reading.
This ties back into the disgust point in that people generally will inflict their disgust response against women who have had sex before marriage and it does not matter if it was the woman's choice or not. In the book, Beck makes a comment about how sex often is looked upon as unclean or impure, “Sex isn’t just ‘wrong’: there is something ‘unclean’ and often disgusting about the activity” (p.160). When outside people look at those who have had sex before marriage, especially in the christian society, they are looked at as being unclean. However, this generally only applies to women. When men have sex before marriage they usually get a “slap on the wrist” or a talking to. Some even are given encouragement. Women are treated much differently in this situation. This can even be seen in the Bible when Mary is found with child after her engagement to Joseph, “Because Joseph her husband was faithful to the law, and yet did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly” (Matthew 1:19). Joseph was part of a rare group of people because he did not want Mary to go through the disgrace of the public because the people would not have understood the situation. They would have seen here as disgrace and it would have humiliated her family and back then, engagement was taken very seriously. One could not simply “break up”, it was more like
Marquez criticizes the Columbian culture’s devotion to the Catholic faith through the culture of the town in A Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Society in the town has a strong emphasis on the Catholic faith, which is shown though the Bishop’s visit, and the views on premarital sex, yet they defy their faith and resort to honor. The Bishop and Father both go against the religion that they preach by not following values of the church such as forgiveness, acceptance and respect. The people of the town also let the murder happen by following the primitive social belief in honor, and by doing nothing to help Santiago Nasar even though the entire town heard the Vicario brother’s plan. All together, these examples show that culture strong belief in religion has a negative impact on the community as it leads to the brutal murder of Santiago Nasar.
From the book of Proverbs, we are also told that God designed marriage and sex not only as a means for bringing children into this world, but also as God's appointed means for a man to find pleasure in his wife. In the New Testament, we are told that Jesus attended a wedding in Cana of Galilee and miraculously provided wine when their supplies were exhausted. The Apostle Paul also had a great deal to say about the covenant that God ordained between man and woman. Paul assumed that elders and deacons would be married and have bare children. Paul also encouraged younger widows to marry and he claimed the right as an apostle to lead a wife.
When a man and a woman come together and bind in holy matrimony, two people become one. In marriage, two people come before the pastor and under God with their partner, to recite promises that are vows. In many religions such as Christianity and Catholicism, sex should be for left only for marriage. Sex is an emotional experience that is for married people to enjoy sexual pleasure together. Love and trust are sacred for the foundation of marriage.
These questions arise from our own desires as Christians to reflect a biblically sound attitude towards sexuality and relationships. That same desire to act according to biblical scriptures is subject to opposition from today’s culture and views about sexual relationships, gender, and roles. A new definition of marriage, sexual orientation, and sexual practices is challenging our relationship with God and our view of human sexuality. Bishop John Spong defines sex and its impact on relationships: “Sex can be called at once the greatest gift to humanity and the greatest enigma of our lives. It is a gift in that is a singular joy for all beings and enigma in its destructive potential for people and their relationships.” (Spong, 1988)