Question 1: Compare and contrast peer reviews and technical reviews.
Reviewers play a significant role in scholarly publications. Peer reviews support the validation of research, institutes a way by which it can be assessed, and increases interaction opportunities within research groups. Regardless of criticism, peer review is a commonly recognized technique for research authentication. A peer review is typically conducted by an experienced group of peers that share similar vested interest amongst the reviewers. The assigned peers perform reviews of appropriate rigor and detail of pertinent functional elements including examination of content, identification of issues that potentially hinder achievement of objectives, and recognize and correct
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Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Question 2: Identify one court decision that has influenced fire scene investigations, and briefly discuss specifically what it has affected.
One court decision that has influenced fire scene investigations was Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. “In the case Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993), the Court placed the responsibility on a trial judge to ensure that expert testimony was not only relevant but also reliable” (Icove, De Haan, & Haynes, 2013, p. 19). With regards to scene investigations, the permissibility of expert science and professional opinions are currently more admissible in a court of law than in historical cases. The acceptance of fire investigation has placed more of the burden on professional testaments based on scientific facts rather than information that is simply experienced based. The Daubert criterion is a foundation for evaluating the permissibility of scientific expert testimony and includes testing, peer review and publication, error rates and professional standards, and general acceptance. The testability criterion decides if there is truth of falseness to the concept, method, or practice. Another phase of the Daubert criterion is to determine if the concept, method, or practice has been peer reviewed or publicized. The third stage includes identified error rates and professional standards and takes in account the compliance with current standards and the maintenance of those
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When an investigator works from a more broad-spectrum of information to more detailed information is often referred to as the “top-down” approach since investigators can begin at the top and start with a wide range of information and work their way down to a more specific assumption. It is possible to come to a reasonable conclusion even if all the evidences are not accurate. If the evidences are inaccurate, the conclusion may be logical, but it may also be false.
References
Icove, D. J., De Haan, J. D., & Haynes, G. A. (2013). Forensic fire scene reconstruction
(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Question 4: Explain the development of working
The following questions need to be answered to further the case pertaining Greene’s v. Jennifer Lawson:
3. Summarize the following Federal Court cases-and find a theme, discuss this theme in a well thought out essay.
McCormick, Charles T. Handbook of the law of evidence. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1972. Print.
FACTS OF THE CASE: Police, suspecting that the defendant, Kyllo, was growing substantial amounts of marijuana inside his unit of a triplex residence, scanned the units from outside by means of a device that measured heat signatures. This provided information on the amount of heat originating within the residence. The thermal scan revealed that a portion of Kyllo’s roof and wall had higher temperatures relative to other areas of the building, being
The commonwealth outlined several behaviors the defendants displayed as basis for their appeal. The first fact presented by the commonwealth was that months prior to the fire the defendants had been trespassing in the cold storage and been living there. The defendants used the second floor as a makeshift apartment that was lighted by candles and kerosene heater. The next fact presented was that the defendants accidently started the fire and they tried to extinguish it before abandoning their efforts. Another fact present...
At least 99 percent of the time, forensic science is reliable and deem accurate. Although four experts that matched Brandon Mayfield’s fingerprint to the fingerprint on a bag at the crime scene, they in fact misidentified the evidence and Spanish police found out that the latent fingerprint actually belong to be an Algerian. This shown that forensic experts and attorneys can definitely be wrong; furthermore, it convey that not all evidence presented in the case is subjected to be infallible and there is a possibility for committed error. Leah Bartos, a UC Berkley graduate student with a Journalism degree, conducted an experiment to understand the process of becoming a certified forensic consultant. She had no prior knowledge in the forensic discipline, but became certified after she passed the open book exam and sent ACFET her bachelor degree, resume, and references. The ACFET exam have a 99 percent pass rate; therefore, it is criticized for creditability of its certified graduate and branded a diploma milling organization for-profit. Attorney can argue the weakness of the forensic evidence presented, hence forensic science call for bad science and can definitely be misuse in our adversarial legal
Nickell, Joe. "Investigative Files: Not-So-Spontaneously Human Combustion." Skeptical Inquirer. Nov./Dec. 1996: 17-20. 21 Feb. 2001.
The scientific method is used every day in our lives. We use it to make large and minute decisions, alike. The process is so quick that we use it without knowing. The process starts with a question or an issue, and ends with a solution or more questions. The issue that we will try to address using the scientific method is the reliability of eyewitness testimony. I believe that eyewitness testimony is far less reliable than other forms of evidence in a criminal investigation. We will go through the steps of the scientific method as well as examine existing research to draw our conclusion.
Every day, hundreds of law enforcement officers go out to investigate crimes, whether it is a robbery, a car accident, a suicide, or even a homicide. But has civilization ever stopped to wonder who those behind – the - scene guys are that put all the pieces of evidence together but do not really receive credit for it or the amount of training that goes into becoming a forensic scientist? How about if the forensic science strategies depicted on TV is actually true. Society can give credit to the thousands of forensic scientists who spend their days deciphering evidence ,which is not as dazzling and fantastic as TV plays it out to be. In fact, most of the things portrayed on TV are actually false. Although the forensic science strategies used in the TV shows seem amazing, they are not representative of the real profession and people should realize there is a huge difference between fiction and the real work done. This research paper debates the technology of forensic science, the training involved, the careers that are associated with the field and also how this topic is presented in film.
In this position paper I have chosen Bloodsworth v. State ~ 76 Md.App. 23, 543 A.2d 382 case to discuss on whether or not the forensic evidence that was submitted for this case should have been admissible or not. To understand whether or not the evidence should be admissible or not we first have to know what the case is about.
"It 's a combination of analyzing the physical and behavioral evidence, reconstructing a crime from the beginning to the end and coming up with the most scientific determination possible with the information available." - (The Profiler by Pat Brown)
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
Bevel, T. (2008). Bloodstain Pattern Analysis With an Introduction to Crime Scene Reconstruction. New York : Taylor & Francis Group, LCC.
However, Al-Hazmi and Scholfield (2007) demonstrate that most students, when asked to do a peer review, tend to focus mainly on these editorial aspects. Most of their corrections are directed to surface errors such as spelling and grammar. It seems that the students were not reading to abandon the traditional surface errors, and even then their corrections were not efficient as there was little improvement noticed in the revised papers where editorial aspects were the main
“Scene processing is the term practical to the series of steps taken to investigate a crime scene. Although the methods an...