Darwin's Causation

Darwin causation is stated by addressing the questions of who, why, when,
and how. In answering those four questions, the questions of who and why address
primary causes, while when and how address secondary causes. When dealing with
the question of who, Darwin asks whether it is reasonable to argue whether a
designer created human life. Darwin explains by noting, “Scientists do not look
through a telescope for God or through a microscope for the soul” (Phipps, 2006).
As for the question of why, Darwin looks at the destiny of life. In this case, he
says it refers to discover moral values and better care of the earth as well as to
show the goodness of God. Science deals with facts that are measurable. In the
case for the question

of why, according to Darwin, “science cannot confirm or
deny what is not empirically testable or falsifiable” (Phipps, 2006).
According to Darwin, the questions of when and how are secondary causes. The
answer to the question of when was important to Darwin because this answer
determined how old the universe was. As for the question of how, for Darwin, it
was a biological process. Darwin used data, which can be answered by science,
about how species overpopulated. The overpopulation of the species led to the
scarcity of food. “Hence, survival is more likely for plants and animals whose
small genetic variations make them better adapted to their environment” (Phipps,
2006). Only science can confirm or deny this information because it uses
empirical data. Theology, on the other hand, cannot.