Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Dark Matter and Dark Energy are important. They can help us know how the universe began. These two are the mysteries of the universe; they compose about 90% of the universe. They are mysteries because we believe that they exist but we can’t see them or detect them. People question whether they manifest to be the same thing. Astronomers know very little about their constitution so they cannot assume they are related.
Dark Energy is a mysterious force that drives the expansion of the universe. Astronomers states that the universe is expanding and the expansion is accelerating, so the unknown anti-gravity force at work is termed dark energy. Dark energy has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe and the structure within it. The astronomer is in a hunt for dark energy but how can we hunt something we don’t know. Astronomers label it dark energy because it's believed to be the force which cause the universe to expand but what is what the cause of the expression is is not energy. I am pointing this out because some theories misled astronomers.
Astronomers are able to specify how much the universe is expanding by measuring this redshift from the spectrum of the supernova. By studying many supernova at different distances, astronomers can piece together a history of the expansion of the Universe. This expansion gave the astronomers the evidence that there is dark energy out there that cause the universe to expand.
Dark Matter is next largest ingredient, which only interacts with the rest of the universe through its gravity. Astronomers believe that the Universe is critically balanced between being open and closed. They derive this fact from the observatio...
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...concept which was used by astronomers and other scientists to comprehend the heavens. Considering the Earth as the core of the world, the celestial sphere is composed of the objects detectible from Earth. When using an Armillary sphere, people can estimate the position of something in the sky’s relation to a viewer on Earth. This model can also be used to show people how the celestial sphere function.
The Armillary sphere is observed as a scientific interest today. These machines can be utilize for some plain astronomical calculations. Many examples can be seen on display in scientific museums which gather old instruments. Some people gather vintage spheres because they see them visually exciting. Armillary spheres are usually works of art in addition to working example; they can differ broadly in size from desktop versions for devices which fill large rooms
One effect of the expansion of the universe is the redshift ("redshift") of all wavelengths. That means, among other things, that there is a loss of energy with distance; that is, that there is an "extra" loss of brightness proportional to 1 / r. The more distant, less bright than it was even in a static universe
Heavenly navigation techniques, that are used in the site of sun and stars in the sky, along with knowing that the earth is a spherical, which astronomers used as a beginning to be executed by sailors that was in Columbus time.
Centuries ago, people gazed into the night sky wondering what it was that they were looking at. When astronomers first started to study the night sky, like Galileo, Copernicus and even modern day astronomers, they all shared one goal, and that was to see further than anyone has ever before. The invention of the Hubble Space Telescope changed the study of astronomy forever. Astronomers were seeing and learning more in just days of the launch of the telescope than past astronomers had in their lifetimes. The Hubble Space Telescope is the most technologically advanced telescope to enter space. Its advanced technology has made it possible to obtain countless amounts of data about space and open many doors in the exploration of space. Its accuracy has and still is proving/debunking the myths of space.
Cosmology is a field of astronomy that focuses on the framework, and emergence of the universe. Over the years, many cosmologists have contributed to the subject, using many forms of technology, to make a multitude of discoveries. Improvements in technology are responsible for superlative discoveries, chiefly about the Big Bang, the origin of our universe. The works of various cosmologists, such as Galileo Galilei, Edwin Hubble, Robert Dicke, Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, and Vera Rubin have changed the way humanity views the universe, through their use of technology, and through their brilliance.
Edwin Hubble supported Georges Lemaitre’s ideas as it fitted in with his own observations. While he were charting the galaxies he discovered that they were moving away from Earth at a high speed and time was expanding in all directions. He was able to track the movement of remote galaxies and other systems due to a phenomena known as Doppler shifts. However Hubble miscalculated and his data calculated that the sun was older than the Universe. Later Allan Sandage recalculated Hubble’s data and proved to the world that the Universe was older than first proposed. Planets, stars and galaxies only make up 4% of the Universe, the remaining 96% is unknown or unexplored territory. According to NASA there is a dark energy that is making the Universe expand and accelerate at a bigger rate than it did years ago . There are many galaxies apart from out Milky Way that are moving further and further away. Scientist like Stephen Hawkins believe that our Universe is just a small part and that many other Universes exist. According to Hawkins we live in a multiverse. He believes that there are more than 100 billion galaxies, each with 100 billion stars.
Despite all our advances in particle physics and astrophysics, we still don't know what form of matter makes up 95% of the universe. Physicists have named this mysterious substance dark matter, for it can not be detected by observation (it does not emit visible or other frequency light waves). However, we know that dark matter must exist, following Newton's universal law of gravity.
What is astronomy? Astronomy consist of a lot of things that make up our solar system such as: the nine planets, asteroids, meteorites, the moon and the sun. Astronomy is also a fascinating hobby that can be followed by anyone. You do not need to be, as some people seem to imagine, ‘mathematically-minded’ , in order to start, or even to become a very experienced observer. Yet astronomy is one of the few hobbies where not only can you gain great enjoyment, but if you feel want to can very easily make observations of great scientific value.
It is clear that we would need further evidence and advances in physics before it will be remotely possible to know the fate of our universe. Scientists now think, and mostly agree with each other that the fate of the universe depends on three main things: the overall shape or geometry of the universe, how much dark energy it contains, and on the “equation of state”; which determines how the density of dark energy responds to the expansion of the universe.
Throughout this course we have been learning about the expansion of the universe and it seems as if the universe will never stop expanding. There is so much that has yet to be discovered despite the fact that our ideas are evolving.
Astronomy is the study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, comets, gas, galaxies and other non-Earthly bodies and phenomena. Since the beginning of time, people have been interested in the sky. Everywhere from the mountains of South America to the deserts of the Middle East, there has been an interest in astronomy.
One implication it had was that it helped further prove the Big Bang Theory and helped to further disprove the Steady State theory. Steady State Theory is the theory that the universe is static, not expanding or contracting, and that there is no beginning or end to it. While the Big Bang Theory states that the universe was created due to a massive explosion and since that massive explosion the universe has been constantly expanding and still is until today. Since the discovery of Quasars scientist have been able to further prove Big Bang Theory due to the redshift of the Quasars. Quasars are extremely red-shifted hence why Maarten Schmidt and other scientists had such a hard time identifying what they actually were, but it is this powerful redshift that helps prove the theory. Since Quasars are so red-shifted it means that they are always moving away from us, which shows that the universe is expanding. If the universe is constantly expanding then clearly Steady State Theory cannot be
Astronomers make certain assumptions when they study the universe as a whole. These assumptions may be difficult to prove or verify in practice, but they form an essential starting point for cosmology. The first is the idea that the laws of physics can be applied across the universe. It is a very bold assumption, because our laws of physics are only determined precisely in laboratories on Earth and they may not apply exactly over all time and space. Hubble had to assume that Cepheid variables always worked the same way in order to demonstrate that many of the nebulae were distant galaxies. Astronomers are quite confident that physics is not wildly different elsewhere in the universe. We see the same types of stars and galaxies everywhere we look. We see spectral lines from the same elements billions of light years away that we do in nearby stars. These observations lend support to the
One thing us humans have never been able to fully understand is astronomy. Always an unexplained mystery, astronomy also serves as a way to keep time and predict the future. The word “astronomy” is defined as the study of heavenly bodies, meaning anything in the sky such as stars, galaxies, comets, planets, nebulae, and so on. Many people, if not everyone, are amazed by the night sky on a clear, moonless night. Astronomy dates back to ancient times when peoples such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese kept written records of astronomical events and occurrences.
The big bang theory is an attempt to explain how the world began. The big bang theory begins with what is called a “singularity.” This term is used to describe an area in space which defies all the known laws of physics. Singularities are thought to exist at the core of black holes. Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that matter is pressed together into an infinite amount of pressure. The dense hot mass of the singularity slowly expanded. This process is called inflation. As the singularity expanded the universe went from dense and hot to cool and expansive. Inflation is still continuing on today which means that the universe is continually expanding.
Ever since the beginning of time there have been stars. Not only stars in the sky, but moons, planets, and even galaxies! Astronomy is defined as the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. In other words it is the study of space, planets, and stars. Throughout the ages, many people have used astronomy to help them learn about the universe, our own planet, and even make predictions about life itself. Understanding astronomy means understanding where it originated, the different groups/cultures that used it, and modern purposes of the science of the stars.