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The effect of radiation on living organisms
The effect of radiation on living organisms
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DNA damage is a proven biomarker of radiation effects. Cytogenetic techniques commonly employed for detecting DNA strand breakages include chromosome aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay under field and laboratory circumstances. In recent times, flow cytometry (FCM) has been widely used to quantify DNA damage since it offers the analysis of a high number of nuclei in a few minutes providing statistically reliable results in a short period of time. Ideally, all cells within an organism contain the same amount of DNA. DNA damage results from the breakage and rearrangement of chromosomes and from interference with the normal segregation of chromosome during cell division. Double strand breaks are the most important DNA lesions caused by ionizing radiation and other damages from exposure to genotoxic agents resulting in cells with an abnormally high or low DNA content. This variability can be detected as an increased coefficient of variation (CV) of cells in G0/G1 phase as measured by flow cytometry.
Alternately, appearance of aneuploid cell populations as a result of mitotic machi...
The gels were run at 90-100 volts for 1-1.5 hours. Upon completion of the experiment, we were able to examine the DNA. First, the electrophorese. revealed that three of the fourteen samples were homozygous while the other eleven were
The given DNA ladder sample and each individual ligation samples were run on 40ml of 0.8% agarose in 1x TAE buffer for approximately sixty minutes at 110V. The appropriate volume of 6x GelRed track dye was used after it was diluted to a final concentration of 1x and incubated for thirty minutes. Finally, the gel was illuminated under UV light and analyzed.
Apart of becoming a new patient at a dental office is taking an x-ray and some may have question along with taking an x-ray, like “will I be affected by the x-ray?” or “will I get cancer?”, “how long will it take” “are x-ray’s safe?”, the list goes on and on. So in this paper we will talk about different types of radiation affects such as affects on children and pregnant women as well as some things that may help reduce some of the radiation that may harm the human body.
Williams claimed women in her family died of cancer. From all the evidences we have found, we can confidently insist that nuclear fall-out causes cancer. Therefore, Williams’ claim is evidently correct.
...d them to end the war with Japan. But not only did they create bombs, but they also found a new way to power the spreading cities of America. Also, even though many knew the power of a nuclear bomb, they couldn’t have predicted the lasting effects on the land and the people. So within this scientific experiment we have learned that nuclear radiation can cause genetic mutations, the formation of cataracts, leukemia, and a shortened life (Document I).
Radiation Effects Research Foundation. (2007). How radiation affects cells. In Basics About Radiation. Retrieved from http://www.rerf.jp/radfx/basickno_e/radcell.htm
Mutations caused by the radioactive fallout of the Chernobyl disaster have included growth of extra appendages, deformation of body parts and several other health effects. The Chernobyl disaster was caused by a neglected reactor that caught fire and exploded due to low safety regulations in place in the nuclear industry. The reactor that caught fire and exploded was Reactor 4. The Chernobyl power plant was on the outskirts of the town of Pripyat.The fallout due to the explosion has damaged the environment, and the normal levels of radiation are not expected to return to normal for millions of years. The effects of the neglect and explosion of Reactor 4 is now responsible for the safety protocols of today’s nuclear industry.
There are numerous reasons as to why I want to pursue my dream of becoming a radiation therapist. The most important reason is because I love to help other people overcome any problem they are facing. However saving a patient’s life through radiation would be even more amazing. Not to mention, after obtaining the proper education, the salary I receive will be fairly high. Cancer has recently become a part of many families, including my own. I see what a few of my family members are going through and having to struggle with every single day in order to live to see another day, The struggles that they go through have opened my mind in many ways, I wish I was the one that they could come to for a chance of survival, but I can’t, so in order for me to help cancer patients fight for their lives, I will obtain the proper education, licenses, and possess the numerous skills needed by a radiation therapist..
"The tops are leaping off the reactor lip" this was the first warning which the control room received before the destructive explosion in Chernobyl that occurred at 1:23 AM local time. Twenty three minute after the warning in the morning of 26 April 1989, the reactor exploded. The Chernobyl nuclear accident was an unexpected catastrophe that can happen in the history of producing nuclear power. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) defined a nuclear accident as an accident that includes any activities that lead to the release of radioactive material and causes significant consequences. The location of Chernobyl city is in the north of Ukraine near the Belarus border. That nuclear accident happened when in reactor number 4 in the Chernobyl nuclear power in the Soviet Union exploded. Because of that extreme explosion, the radioactive emissions dispensed into the environment and caused immediate deaths, illnesses and many health problems. World Health Association (2013) reports that during the accident, one person died immediately and another one died in the hospital due to the harmful injuries he received. Health World Organization (WHO) (2006) also reports that a few weeks after the disaster 28 people died because of the Acute Radiation Sickness(ARS). The Chernobyl nuclear accident is one of the major disasters in the history of nuclear power which had many serious effects on humans and the environment.
After reading The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, I was baffled and honestly did not know what to make of the short story. I did not know anything about the story beforehand so I had no expectations on what the piece would be about, so when I finished reading about an entire population hurting, degrading, and keeping a child from a happy life was disturbing. After some thought on, I realized the story does evoke some questions about social justice and can even be related to utilitarianism. While, I do not agree with what the members of Omelas did, I understand the implications the author provokes with the mistreatment that occurs. I believe the author wants the reader to question their morals and their definition of justice after reading.
An ordinary human body contains approximately one trillion cells and precisely 46 chromosomes in each cell. However, the human body can be altered by a genetic mutation. Over the course of history, genetic mutations have had a large impact on the human race. They have brought harm to numerous amounts of people. Cancer, in particular, is one of the most lethal diseases. Cancer begins when a portion of DNA inside a chromosome is damaged, causing a cell to mutate. Then, the mutated cell reproduces multiple times and creates a tumor. Afterwards, cancer cells break off of the tumor, enter the bloodstream, and disperse throughout the body. If the cells break off, the tumor is considered malignant - this type of cancer is very difficult to cure. Many patients today stay optimistic for a medication to heal cancer. It is imperative to address a few of the causes and effects of cancer in order to gain a general knowledge of genetic mutations.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insight’s over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be the most important and describe their significance to society, heath, and the culture of modern life.
These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self-destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis. Transfecting DNA To perform the experiments for this research, the researchers had to grow certain pieces of DNA.... ... middle of paper ...
DNA repair pathways are a major factor in genomic stability because they help to repair the damage done to the DNA. If DNA damage is not fixed it can expose individuals to an increased risk of tumorigenesis. There are multiple pathways within the cell that respond to these errors that can be made. These pathways work in such a way that they recruit DNA repair processes in hopes of fixing the issue and if the issue is not resolved apoptosis will be initiated. DNA damage response includes mediators, transducers, and effector proteins. These DNA repair pathways can include nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, and DNA double-strand break repair. Nucleotide excision repair involves multiple proteins that replace nucleotides that are modified with
Radiation is one of the most dangerous and easiest way of having health effects. Radiation was first discovered by Roentgen. Hazards are the first things people need to know in order to understand what it can do to your body. It causes many health effects on everyone out in the world. It harms people in the dentistry and field and even in the medical field. Normal people out the world can also be exposed when coming into one of these offices and getting x-rays of some type.