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Anatomy and pathology of cystic fibrosis
Research papers on cystic fibrosis
Research papers on cystic fibrosis
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Cystic Fibrosis Results from Mutations in the genes encoding the cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator. This protein product is a traffic ATPase and C1 channel which localizes to the apical membrane of airway Epithelial. Breaking it down, Cystic Fibrosis is the most deadly common inherited disease affecting Caucasians in the United States. Cystic Fibrosis is a disorder that causes a thick and very sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tracks. Normally mucus in the lungs trap germs, which are then cleared out of the lungs, but in Cystic Fibrosis the mucus traps the germs in the lungs. The germs remain in the lungs and they become infected.. The mucus also disrupts the function of Epithelial cells which make up the sweat glands in the skin and the mucus also lines the passageway inside the lungs, pancreas digestion, and the liver. Cystic Fibrosis is the most common disease in children and young adults, and may result in an early death. This disease is caused by a defective gene and was discovered in the 1930's. Scientists are unsure why the Cystic Fibrosis gene evolved in Humans. The evidence they have though has shown that it helped to protect earlier generations from the bacteria that causes cholera. The highest population with Cystic Fibrosis is Europe. An estimated 1-29 Caucasians in America have the Cystic Fibrosis gene. Millions of Americans carry the Cystic Fibrosis gene, but will never have any symptoms. They are completely unaware of it. 30,000 children and young adults in the united states are living with this disease. However, fifteen percent of people are diagnosed later in life because the symptoms severity ... ... middle of paper ... ... for treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Works cited "Common Facts about Cystic Fibrosis." Cystic Fibrosis. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. . Cystic Fibrosis Foundation - Home . Web. 07 Mar. 2011. . CysticFibrosis.com - Resource for Cystic Fibrosis Information, Support and News . Web. 07 Mar. 2011. . Hopkin, Karen. Understanding Cystic Fibrosis. Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1998. Print. "Starting Treatment: Newly Diagnosed: CF Living." Home: CF Living. Web. 02 Mar. 2011. cid=pul_we_F001034_P000517&c=MTPLCF7300&gclid=CMigiqKnvacCFUNl7AodAFMdAw>. Thomson, Anne H., and Ann Harris. Cystic Fibrosis: the Facts. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.
...children to have the smallpox vaccination. Towns began building pure water systems and sewer systems, creating a much cleaner environment.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Pathophysiology: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease of the secretory glands that affects the respiratory and digestive system. It mainly affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and reproductive organs. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce sweat, mucus, and digestive fluids. Mucus becomes thick and sticky, causing build-up in the lungs and blocking airways, making it easier for bacteria to develop. This prompts repeated lung infections and can cause severe lung damage after some time.
...s membrane helps to keep dust particles out of our bodies. There is also an extensive network of blood vessels and normally appears pinkish, (Shier, Butler, Lewis, 2010). So now we wait for the patient to sneeze. Chances our once she sneezes us out, we are going to come out covered in mucous! GROSS!!!
Pizzignacco, TM, de Mello DF, de Lima, RA. 2010. Stigma and cystic fibrosis. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18(1), pp. 139-42.
Canavan disease is thought to effect less than a thousand people in the United States. One in forty are carriers for the disease. It occurs within people of all ethnic backgrounds but most commonly found in the people of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. This is thought because those of the Jewish faith often marry within the same group or culture. These people are a group located mostly in eastern and central Europe.
Being diagnosed with a chronic illness is a life-altering event. During this time, life is not only difficult for the patient, but also for their loved ones. Families must learn to cope together and to work out the best options for the patient and the rest of the family. Although it may not be fair at times, things may need to be centered on or around the patient no matter what the circumstance. (Abbott, 2003) Sacrifices may have to be made during difficult times. Many factors are involved when dealing with chronic illnesses. Coping with chronic illnesses alter many different emotions for the patients and the loved ones. Many changes occur that are very different and difficult to get used to. (Abbott, 2003) It is not easy for someone to sympathize with you when they haven’t been in the situation themselves. No matter how many books they read or people they talk to, they cannot come close to understanding.
In the Shadow of Illness, the book describes different experiences of families who have or had children with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is an inherited disease that is passed on from the mother or father who is a carrier, but doesn’t have the condition. Doctors have figured that in this scenario, the parents are likely to have a child with CF. Individuals with CF have to take Cotazymes to help the pancreas digest food. If the person does not take these enzymes, the food goes straight through them as diarrhea. Also, the person’s lungs are affected by a thick mucus that must be removed or thinned before it clogs. Doctors recommend the patient to perform daily breathing exercises that prevent the mucus from thickening; for example, swimming
Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common lethal mutations in humans. The autosomal recessive allele is carried by 1/20 Caucasians, 1/400 couples will have children with the disease, and ¼ children will be afflicted. If untreated, 95% of affected ch ildren will die before age five (Bell, 1996).
many milder cases go undiagnosed, which may mean that the reported cases are just the tip of the iceberg.
Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucous that can cause severe damage to the body’s organs. Mucous is usually a slippery substance that lubricates and protects the linings of the airway, digestive system, reproductive system and other organs and tissue. Problems with digestion can lead to diarrhea, malnutrition, poor growth, and weight-loss. Due to the abnormally thick mucous it can can clog airways, leading to breathing problems and bacterial infections in the lungs. Bacterial infections can lead to coughing, wheezing and inflammation. Overtime these infections can lead to permanent damage in the lungs including the formation of scar tissue, known as fibrosis and cysts in the lungs (Genetics Home Reference, 2013). The symptoms and signs of this disease vary but mostly include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems. An individuals’ lungs who are infected by cystic fibrosis have bacteria from an early stage. This bacteria can spread to the small airways, leading to the formation of bacterial micro-environments known as biofilms. Biofilms are difficult for antibodies to penetrate, therefore the bacteria repeatedly damage the lung and gradually remodel the airways, resulting in difficultly to eradicate the infection (Welsh, 1995). Cystic fibrosis patients may even have their airways chronically colonized be filamentous fungi and/or yeasts. Most men with cystic fibrosis have congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), a condition in which the tubes that carry sperm are blocked by mucous and do not develop properly. As well, women may experience complications in pregnancy. Either the c...
Only the smallest particles of the coal dust make it past the nose, mouth, and throat into the alveoli found deep in the lungs. The alveoli, or air sacs, are responsible for exchanging gases with the blood, and are located at the end of each bronchiole. Microphages, a type of blood cell, gather foreign particles and carry them to where they can either be swallowed or coughed out. If too much dust is inhaled over a long period of time, some dust-laden microphages and particles collect permanently in the lungs causing black lung disease.
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
The nose is divided into the right and left cavities and is lined with tiny hairs and mucous membrane, which secretes a sticky fluid, called mucus, which helps prevent dust and bacteria from entering the lungs. The nose moistens, warms and filters the air and is an organ, which senses smell. The naso-pharynx is the upper part of the nasal cavity behind the nose, and is lined with mucous membrane. The naso-pharynx continues to filter, warm and moisten the incoming air.
1. One couple in the UK who had a child that died from cystic fibrosis was able to screen their new fetus' genes so that their child would be born healthy (Begley).
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was first described by a Alfons Maria Jakob, a German psychiatrist, in 1921. Jakob gave credit to another German psychiatrist, Hans Creutzfeldt, and that is how the disease got its name (Blaser). Even though the disease was found in 1921, very little is known to this day. Prior to 1995, almost no one outside the medical field knew about CJD and most doctors had never seen a case. It was not until a new variation of CJD was found that more research had been done (Sick!). The