The first Gastroenterologist to explain Crohn’s disease was not Burrill B Crohn; instead, the first narrative was probably made by Morgangni (1682-1771)(1). He described in 1761 a deceased young man with ileal ulceration and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The entity of Crohn’s disease is , however, attributed to the Americal surgeon B B Crohn. He published in the Journal of American Medical Association in 1932, together with his collegues Leon Ginzburg and Gordon D Oppenheimer, the paper “ Regional ileitis’’: A Pathological and Clinical Entity’’ They meant that this disease was limited to the distal part of the ileum only , but in the forth coming year a description of jejuna disease was made by harris et. Al(2). Not until 1960, when Lockhart-Mummery John Snows considered as the originator of the modern epidemiology, explained the relationship between water supply and an outbreak of cholera in soho, London, in 1954. Epidemiological studies in Crohn’s disease have predominantly been made in North America and Europe. Usually the frequency has been raised since the 2nd World War not only for the ulcerative colitis but also for the Crohn’s disease, and two dissimilar patterns have appeared; one explain a steady increase, while the other has an increase followed by a plateau(6, 7).The highest incident is reported from North America , the United Kingdom and Scandinavia, and among Ashkenazi Jews(8-10). A North-South gradient has been reported both in North America and in Europe, with 40-80% raised risk in the northern part of the continents(11). However, there are part of southern Europe and North America with high incidence, and opposite in some northern region, which calls into question the north-south hypothesis. Instead an east-west gradient has been proposed which presently is topic of an epidemiological study (Epicom)(12). In Eastern Europe, the incidence of IBD appears to have raised steadily, now equivalent to that in western European countries(13, 14). The incidence is more uncertain in developing
As the days went by and the number of deaths began to increase, the Board of Health in London began to improve people’s living conditions by creating the indoor restroom, This, however, caused more problems for the people of London, due to the lack of a proper sewage system, “London needed a citywide sewage system that could remove waste products from houses in a reliable and sanitary fashion,...,The problem was one of jurisdiction, not execution,”(Page 117). London didn’t have a place where the sewers could lead off to which keep the disease spreading when people used the restroom. After months of battling the type of disease London was faced with, Mr. Snow convinced the Board of Health to remove the water pump that was on Board Street. By getting rid of this pump, Mr. Snow helped stop major outbreaks from recurring, “The removal of the pump handle was a historical turning point, and not because it marked the end of London’s most explosive epidemic,..., It marks a turning point in the battle between urban man and Vibrio cholera, because for the first time a public institution had made an informed intervention into a cholera outbreak based on a scientifically sound theory of the disease.”(Page 162- 163). This marked the end of the London epidemic and how the world of science
in the upper GI tract. Gastric and duodenal ulcers can also result from Crohn’s disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). The patient does not report a history of Crohn’s disease nor is he symptomatic for it. His symptoms do not indicate (ZES). ZES is a hyper secretory gastric acid disorder that results in multiple peptic ulcers, kidney stones, watery diarrhea and malabsorption.
Hypothesis about cause and spread: According to Snow, the cause of the disease was due to some sort of contact between the healthy and sick. “It is quite impossible that even a tenth part of these cases of consecutive illness could have followed each other by coincidence without being connected as caused and effect” (PG .244) Snow believed that once cholera was passed to the healthy, the disease would multiply and cause them in fall ill. The disease was found to be spread through unsafe water and unwashed clothing/bedding from the infected.
Christopher Hamlin, “Edwin Chadwick, ‘Mutton Medicine’, and the Fever Question,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70 (1996): 233-265.
Avi Michael absentmindedly plays with his lip piercing, his thin frame draped casually over his bed. His wall is covered with posters of Bob Dylan and Modest Mouse; two guitars are propped up on a stand next to his closet, another lies on the vacant bed across from his.
After seeing the recent post by Aimee Rouski on facebook. I became curious about Crohn 's Disease. I had little to no knowledge of the disease, and had heard little about it. In this article I will share my research into Symptoms of Chrons, Chrons Diet, and Medicine for Crohns.
Crohn’s disease also appears to affect certain ethnic groups more than others. American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to de...
In crowded conditions, the rate of infection is even more rapid. The diseases brought over to America were mainly spread by the respiratory method. The pathogenesis of infection is through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Throughout Europe during the 15th century, food and water were contaminated with fecal matter and by unsanitary habits ( i.e. the lack of bathing). The traumatic route of infection is through insect and animal bites.
Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, but it most commonly affects the end of the small bowel (the ileum) and the beginning of the colon. It can simultaneously involve different areas of the gastrointestinal tract with alternating diseased segments with normal segments. Crohn’s disease involves the full thickness of the bowel wall and can be complicated by fistulas and abscesses. Crohn’s disease may also have granuloma cells which is called granulomatous enteritis or granulomatous colitis (Warner & Barto, 2007).
The Cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States. 43d Cong. , 2d Sess. House. The.
Digestive: a sn Irritable Bowel Syndrome This disease affects the muscles in the intestines. It can cause gas, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. It usually does not lead to further diseases. Most people can control the symptoms through diet, stress management, and medication.
Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, M. A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., Berelowitz, M., Dhillon, A. P., Thomson, M. A., Harvey, P., Valentine, A., Davies, S. E., & Walker-Smith, J. A. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 351(9103), 637–641.
By the 1840’s high rates of disease were ascribed to the housing many of New York’s poverty-stricken immigrants lived in. Fear spread that while disease was rooted in the polluted living conditions of New York’s poorer communities, disease could easily spread to the more well off citizens too. Public health officials realized that the city’s soiled streets and polluted sewers were a health risk to all New Yorkers. In the mid-nineteenth century, New York possessed a primitive sewage system. Poorly planned sewers spanned the city, but most citizens’ homes did not connect to these pipes. Instead, most New Yorkers relied on outdoor outhouses and privies. Because of the high levels of unmanaged waste, epidemics of infectious diseases were commonplace in New York. The city battled outbreaks of smallpox, typhoid, malaria, yellow fever, cholera, and tuberculosis. In 1849, a rash of cholera struck the city, killing more than five thousand people. A wave of typhoid in the mid-1860’s resulted in a similar amount of deaths. Port cities and transportation hubs, like New York, were especially prone to outbursts of infectious diseases because of the high volume of travelers that passed through the city. Americans realized that they were contracting and dying from infectious diseases at an alarming rate, but weren’t entirely sure of why or how. (Web, par. 17,
I thought it was interesting that Crohn’s disease wasn’t named after Burrill Crohn particularly—he was just one of the authors who did research on the disease and his name was first due to his last name being in the beginning of the alphabet. Also, the different stages of Crohn’s disease and the different medications that can help with the symptoms of the disease. The research on Crohn’s disease is still going on today. At the end of this paper, there is an attachment that outlines major advances in Crohn’s research—from the very first description of Crohn’s disease in 1769 to the discovery of the first gene mutation in 2001. One day hopefully a cure will be in place for Crohn’s disease but until then lifestyle changes, medications, and support groups are available for those that need it or would like to know more about
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.