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Zero based budgeting introduction
Importance of budgeting as a management tool
Importance of budgeting as a management tool
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The first thing I would do as a criminal justice administrator is follow the basic concepts of POSDCORB which means planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. (Cronkhite, 2013) The most fulfilling organization function for me will have to be planning, organizing and budgeting. Planning is the key to any management function. (McHatton, Bradshaw, Gallagher, & Reeves, 2011) During process will determine if this project will be long term or short term and how much money it will take in order to get the project up and running. (McHatton, Bradshaw, Gallagher, & Reeves, 2011) Also, the planning is the process of determining the organization’s goals and objective. (McHatton, Bradshaw, Gallagher, & Reeves, 2011) …show more content…
(Cronkhite, 2013) All organization requires specific planning and a clear understanding of the organization object. (McHatton, Bradshaw, Gallagher, & Reeves, 2011) With the budgeting which ensures that the funds necessary to carry out the organizational activities and once the budget is approve operational activities are conducted within the approved plan. (Cronkhite, 2013) The Capital budget contains large items since as location or a new building. (Cronkhite, 2013) This type of budgeting is done until the organization or project is complete. (Cronkhite, 2013) Line item budget is those items that are needed yearly in order to the organization to operate. (Cronkhite, 2013) This includes employee salaries all the way down to office basic stationery. (Cronkhite, 2013) The budgeting process is not something that is done once a year; it is a continual process of regular review and in some case possible for revision. (Cronkhite, 2013) In some case a zero based budgeting comes into play. This type of budgeting is also known as the “died of its own weight”. (Cronkhite, 2013) This is only done if there is a reduction in the organization by at 5%, 10% or 20% on how the essential programs would continue to function. (Cronkhite,
Operating budgets are budgets that deal mainly with the day-to-day operations of a facility. This may include wages, utilities, rent, and items purchased that have the intent of lasting less than a year (Johnston, n.d). This type budget provides the needed information regarding the cash on hand needed to operate the facility during a fiscal year. Capital expenditure budgets deal with more long term items such as equipment or property. As stated by Johnston (n.d.), it is necessary to have a capital budget for continued growth of the business. You complete this task by purchasing assets that produce an income. Capital expenditure budget have the potential to cover a five- to ten-year period (Baker & Baker, 2014, p.174). Items included in the capital expenditure budget may also include loan interest and bondholder's interest. The operating budget and the capital expenditure budget interact with one another. To demonstrate an example: a healthcare facility purchases a chemistry analyzer for its clinical laboratory. The chemistry analyzer is placed in the capital expenditure budget, but the maintenance for the analyzer is placed in the operational budget. The capital expenditure expense is the chemistry analyzer, but the materials used to maintain the chemistry analyzer are operational expense.
2. Did you easily find the National Criminal Justice Reference Service when you searched for NCJRS on the search tools?
Ever since the start of using courts, the main goal of it was to deliver a fair environment where the accused could defend themselves and show the jurors that he/ she did not commit the crime that they were accused of. Sometimes this system fails us and they sentence an innocent man to jail for something they didn’t commit. The activity that I observed in the field of criminal justice was I went to the boulder court house and watched one of the cases that’s was happening that day. As I sat there watching I saw the defendant’s lawyer trying to convince the jurors that his client was innocent, I thought to myself: how can we improve the court room. Sometimes we see some cases where the criminal can be let go because of not a lot of evidence like Casey Anthony. We also might see that the case might be unfair to person being convicted of a crime that they didn’t do. An example of this is the jurors have some past experience with a person of that race and they don’t like them or they already come with a decision before they even hear the evidence found. We might also see a case where the jurors decide that the accuser is innocent even though there’s evidence that proves otherwise. The main point is how we can make
The role of criminal justice professionals is to preserve and uphold the Constitution by enforcing laws, protecting citizen’s rights and promoting justice for all. Police officers in the field of duty must be able to discern situations to be able to act in the most appropriate manner as it relates to their job. In this case study, Officer Smith is threatened with being penalized for making a decision he thinks is good community policing, but his Lieutenant feels he violated protocol. Officer Smith responds to a domestic dispute between an intoxicated husband and wife. Normal procedure would be to arrest the husband and put him in jail until the decision is made whether or not to press charges. Instead, Officer Smith decides to intervene and asks the couple questions about if they love each other, and why they are physically assaulting each other. They respond they do love each other, but the alcohol makes them violent towards one another. Officer Smith then recommends counseling for the couple, as an alternative to putting the husband in jail. The couple agrees to
Having the ability to effectively deliver the organizations intended services while achieving the desirable results is indicative of organization effectiveness. The United States Criminal Justice system is amongst the most respected governmental entities on the planet; and with a formidably structured and well developed hierarchy, history has uncovered its adaptability through operational effectiveness. Although many process, protocols, and scientifically reforms have been adopted, criminal justice practitioners and senior level leaders provide are continuously developing and revitalizing policies to foster cultural competence while ensuring public safety standards through law enforcement.
1 – Question #1: (Ch 5) Child abuse intersects with the juvenile justice system in many ways including but not limited to - sexual abuse, child neglect, family violence, and internet exploitation. One of the most important issues to address when related to the juvenile justice system is child neglect. Child neglect can be defined as a juvenile under the age of 18 whose parental figure(s) and/or person responsible for the child’s well being not providing essential support, education by law, medical or remedial care necessary for the child’s health – shelter, food/water, clothing, etc. Neglect also comes in three forms 1) physical – e.g. lack of necessary shelter, food or water, medical care 2) emotional – e.g. the lack of emotional support or
The organization structure in the Criminal Justice Field consists of six basic elements as in any career field. Moreover, the six essential elements consist according to Giblin “goals and objectives, division of labor, hierarchy of authority, command and control, accountability, and communication” (Giblin, 2014, pp.148). Furthermore, the first element is goal and objectives. This first element purpose is to function as a guide to create plans, tactics, assignments, policies, instructions, and regulations (Giblin, 2014, pp.148). Therefore, the goals and objective must be clear and consistent in order to be accomplished (Giblin, 2014, pp.148). The goal must be concise in order to be complete understood. In addition, the goal purpose is to maintain experience, reduce quandary, and to alter the organizational change (Giblin, 2014, pp.149). On the other hand, the objective purpose is used to create authority, accountability, and to handle complicated tasks (Giblin, 2014, pp.149). Foremost, if the objective and goal are not clearly stated it could caused higher level of discretion and the failure of the goals and objective (Giblin, 2014, --.149). Moreover, the second element is division of labor. The division of labor is divided in to three main groups:
Budgeting Assignment A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of a manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496)
Law enforcement has many roles in the criminal justice process. The duties preformed by police officers include traffic citations, criminal investigations, emergency response, and crime prevention. Police officers are here to enforce all laws that are set by the government. When police officers encounter
The offence Harry would be charged with is William’s murder. The area of Law that this case is concerned with is criminal law (homicide). The two offences that constitute homicide are murder and manslaughter. The classic definition of murder was set by Sir Edward Coke (Institutes of the Laws of England, 1797). Murder is defined by the Law as causing the death of a human being within the Queen’s peace with the intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm. It comprises of 2 elements. These are the actus reus (guilty act) and the mens rea (intention).
Kania, R., & Davis, R. P. (2012). Managing criminal justice organizations: an introduction to theory and practice (2nd ed.). Waltham, MA: Anderson Pub.
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
If I were appointed as chief executive of a law enforcement agency depending on what the police agency needs were will depend on which one or a combination of the four executive styles I would use. Several factors will play a role in the decision-making process because as a police executive the two primary roles are managing and leading. There are two executive styles that I would adopt as a police executive of a law enforcement agency. The first executive style is the administrator style who plays an internal role in the police department. There are specific areas of emphases that the police administrator focuses on such as planning, which will consist getting ready for things that are going to occur or anticipating things that will happen
This paper will explore the impact of child abuse and maltreatment on delinquency and arrest rates. First, I will discuss brain development and levels of empathy adolescents appear to display. I will then factor in other possibilities that may have an effect on delinquency and arrest rates. Other possibilities will include: systematic factors [such as institutional racism] and brief discussion on the school-to-prison pipeline. After reviewing the population, I will share research that highlights child abuse and maltreatment in relation to juvenile justice. Finally there will be a discussion on treatment options; treatments included will cover mandated and volunteer admission. Recidivism rates amongst youth will be shared along with the significance of restorative justice. The interest in this topic sparked from my interest in the criminal justice system along with motivation and ideas proposed at my field placement, The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA).
Line item budgeting categorizes various expenses and places them in list format on a document for budgetary purposes. This type of budgeting is considered the heartbeat of budgeting due to the systematic method by which it controls revenue and expenses, this is made evident when Tyer and Willand (1992), pointed out “Statutory or administrative controls could be imposed on the transfer of funds from one-line item to another, or between broad categories of expenditure.” According to Schick (1971), “line item budgets were attractive to legislative officials because they did not focus explicit attention on substantive policy issues or choices.”