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Literature review on creatine supplementation
Creatine in sports
Literature review on creatine supplementation
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Creatine Monohydrate
Creatine monohydrate is a body building supplement. Many athletes and trainers use it to enhance athletic performance. College athletics are an advocate for creatine when it comes to exercising and strength conditioning, But what is creatine? Creatine is a naturally occurring metabolite found in red muscle tissue. It is a powerful ergogenic aid that plays an important role in energizing muscle.
Creatine increases the body's ability to do work. It is high powered and generates the muscles ultimate energy source - ATP (adenosine triphosphate)- ATP produces the contractions of a muscle's proteins. When muscles are performing work ATP is being broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and energy is given off. The ATP being used usually lasts 10 - 15 seconds. After that the muscle depends on creatine phosphate to restock the ATP. Creatine acts as a reserve for the ATP. Therefore increased amounts of creatine will allow the body to supply ATP at a faster rate. Which, in turn allows an individual to workout longer and maintain a high level of strength. With creatine as a supple)-nent the body is exposed 4 grams of creatine per kilogram. Red meats give 1 gram of creatine per large serving.
These increased amounts of creatine slow the possibility of fatigue. Creatine promotes the synthesis of protein, which promotes muscle growth. The loading phase consists of 5 grams 4 - 6 times a day for the first 5 to 7 days. 'f his should be accompanied by at least I hour of exercise. The load should then be reduced after a week to no more than IO grams per day. This is what most of the stores that sell the creatine will tell vou because there aim is to sell the product. Since the product has been...
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...ur best bet because it has been proved that loading is not necessary.
While creatine is being taken it is necessary that the individual remains hydrated during the early cycles extra water is taken into the cells when creatine enters and this causes minor water retention- This water retention has been related to cramps and heat intolerance.
The majority of the advocates for creatine didn't report any side effects. In most instances when the question was raised, the articles said, "Yes, it's safe. No negative side effects noted in research with recommended levels of supplement." All of these people were involved with sales and advertisement of the product also. An article on a review of creatine was the most effective in providing insight on creatine because it didn't have anything to do with promotions of it. Creatine is safe, it is pure and it works!
The fight on Hamburger Hill took place during Operation Apache Snow, the second part of a three-phased campaign intended to annihilate North Vietnamese Army (NVA) bases in the treacherous A Shau Valley. Five infantry battalions were leading the attack under Major General Melvin Zais, Commander of the 101st Airborne Division. Three units were American (the 1/506th, 2/501st, and 3/187th Infantry) and two came from the 1st Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) Division (the 2/1st and 4/1st ARVN). Colonel Joseph Conmy, Commander of the 3rd Brigade of the 101st Airborne, controlled and lead the main effort of the attack. His plan called for each of the five battalions to "air assault" into the valley by helicopter on 10 May 1969 and to search its assigned sector for enemy troops and...
Creatine provides additional energy for the body, and increases muscle volume. Most of the size and strength gains are during the first month of use. It gets rid of lactic acid, and improves exercise recovery time. Creatine enhances protein synthesis, and also delays the onset of fatigue.
In the article, “Canada’s Ban on Pakistani adoption”, Nicholas Keung, an immigration reporter, talks about the Canadian government’s decision to ban the adoption of children from Pakistan, citing an issue with their Islamic practice of Kafala; a system of guardianship which neither ends the biological parent-child relationship nor grants full parental rights to the adoptive parents. He tells us that this ban which just took effect in July brought about a lot of controversy and left these prospective parents as well as the Pakistani children who are waiting to be adopted emotionally distressed. I oppose the decision made by the Canadian government to ban the adoption of Pakistani children. I am against this motion because this ban is an obvious form of marginalization of these Pakistani orphan children. Also, adoption of children from a different race can be a benefit to the Canadian Government as well as the nation as a whole.
Uebelacker, L. A., Miller, I. W., Keitner, G. I., Ryan, C., & Solomon, D. A. (2006). The impact of family treatment on family functioning in Bipolar I disorder. Journal of Family Psychology. 20, 701-704.
The extra heat produced during metabolic exchange, raises the body temperature again affecting the enzymes and heat is then removed by sweating. If the body isn’t kept hydrated during exercise, dehydration will occur, causing the blood to become concentrated. When the blood becomes concentrated, the cells no longer have enough water to function.
Shortly thereafter, the rest of the sports world did not allow anabolic steroids as well. With the use of steroids no longer permitted, athletes began to look for other alternatives. On the rise are two substances called creatine and androstenedione, both of which are sold over the counter. These two performance enhancers have only had minimal testing done on them, excluding the long-term effects, simply because they haven't been around long enough. Creatine and androstenedione have been said to produce results like steroids without the side effects.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks, which can impair the individual's ability to function in ordinary life. Symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. They are different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through from time to time (Bressert, 2006). Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. But bipolar disorder can be treated, and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives. Treatment commonly includes mood stabilizing medication and psychotherapy (Smith & Segal, 20...
In today’s society there are many different psychological disorders that people face on a daily basis. Often times the individuals know they even have the disorder until someone else recognizes it. One particular disorder is the Bipolar disorder. It has many different classifications and definitions, symptoms, and treatments. It is very inportant to notice this disorder in its beginning stages so it can be controlled.
Bipolar Disorder is a complex psychological disorder, a mental illness also known as manic depression. In Margarita Tartakovsky’s article “Bipolar Disorder Fact Sheet” she states “Approximately 2.6 percent of American adults have bipolar disorder.” People who are affected by this condition experience brutal mood swings that could impair their daily activities and have a negative effect on their lives and relationships. It can cause the individuals to make very poor decisions and even lead to drug and alcohol abuse. They experience high and low mood changes which can be very exhausting not only to the person with the condition, but there family and loved ones as well. When one is experiencing a “high” in mood, they can feel like they are invincible. They become very self-confident and feel like they can do anything, which can lead to overspending, reckless thinking, and bad decision making. When experiencing a “low,” the individual becomes very depressed, sad, and even feels hopeless. According to Tartakovsky, “suicide attempts are very common in bipolar disorder, especially during depressive episodes.” There are several types of bipolar disorders, but the two main types are Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Bipolar I is the definitive type of the bipolar disorder, and the person will constantly go through both the manic and depressive stages of the condition. The length of these episodes will differ from time to time. In Bipolar II, the manic stages are not as severe as Bipolar I; nevertheless, the depressive stages are quite similar (bipolar). But what causes this life altering mental illness? Several factors contribute to the cause of bipolar disorder such as genetics, biology, and environment.
Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children or may develop later on in life (National Institutes of, 2008). Bipolar disorder has been found to affect both men and women equally. Currently the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not yet known, however it has been found to occur most often in the relatives of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (National Center for, 2010).
There are three issues when it comes to the health care cost rising. The first is the rising cost in prescription drugs. The second area of rising cost is the increased technologies when it comes to the medical industry. The third problem is the aging population. Prescription drugs are the area of the fastest growing health care expense, and it is projected to grow at 20 to 30 percent each year over the next several years. There are many newer, more expensive drugs on the market, and the use of these prescriptions is exploding. In addition, with so much television advertising, many consumers ask their doctors for expensive, brand name drugs when there may actually be a generic drug that works just as well.
Athletes need protein, primarily to repair tissues and rebuild muscle that is broken down during exercise and to help optimizes carbohydrate storage. This effect will help athletes gain immediate energy for competition or a workout.
In fact, here have been so many studies on it that researchers say “Creatine is in fact one of the most well-researched nutritional supplements on the market” (Creatine 101). Over the last couple of years, Creatine Monohydrate (a form of creatine supplements) has grown to be the top leader that athletes use to enhance their performance. Creatine is commonly taken as a supplement and that's how many people know creatine. However, not many know that our bodies actually create its own creatine within the body. Creatine is found throughout the human body in our muscle cells. It is chemically known as a “...non-protein nitrogen; a compound which contains nitrogen but is not protein pese” (Creatine 101). Our bodies create one to two grams of creatine naturally through our liver, pancreas, and our kidneys from amino acids per day. In addition, we can also find creatine in the many of the meats we eat such as Salmon 225g/8oz 1.5-2.5 g of creatine, beef 225g/8oz 1.5-2.5g of creatine, pork 225g/8oz 1.5-2.5g of creatine, herring 225g/8oz 2-4g of creatine. Many kinds of seafood are also very high in creatine. After receiving the creatine, it is then transferred into creatine phosphate (which is also called phosphocreatine) where it remains in our muscles waiting to be used for energy. Phosphocreatine is typically used as a source of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Adenosine triphosphate is the way to store and use energy biochemically in our bodies. To repeat, this means that ATP is the origin of energy in which keeps everything moving in the body. Typically this can be found when doing high-intensity exercise. In our skeletal muscles, you can 95% of our bodies creatine in this kind of creatine phosphate, and its most important objective is to supply an artificial phosphate to produce ATP during intense workouts. A couple prime examples would be sprinting and high-intensity weightlifting. As the studies
Minerals are a group of compounds that allow for endurance in an athletic competition. Potassium is a common mineral associated with muscle cramping. A lack of potassium is the cause of muscle cramping during a sporting event. Minerals must be taken in at least six hours before the time of activity. Due to the complexity of minerals, they are not easily transported to the muscle cites most in need of replenishment.
LO2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of scarce resources effectively