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Presidential power in the usa
Presidential power in the usa
Presidential power in the usa
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A commonly held belief amongst Americans is that martial law (often rephrased as a ‘State of emergency’), can’t and won’t be introduced in America. The facts are that there have already been instances of of martial law in American States, i.e., Hawaii during Pearl Harbour and nationally by Lincoln, but both in time of war. The difference now is that NDAA law, enshrined within the NDS, provides the right of the Federal government to over ride both congress and State law. The counter argument of opinion as opposed to fact, proposes that citizens would rise up against martial law. In the case of a declared ‘State of emergency’ in New Orleans during hurricane Katrina, the facts show that the military were able to forcibly confiscate weapons with …show more content…
no organised fightback and eye witness accounts say that there were mass shootings by the police and military. Further, several police officers from that period have received jail sentences on conviction. To say that next time everyone else would fight tback is therefore an unproven opinion. The often cited opinion that it can never happen in America is based on two main points; a) (can’t), the Constitution b) (won’t), America’s exceptionalism. a) The constitution This begs the question, which takes precedence, the law or the constitution.
A counter argument would say that the law is based on the constitution. My first question then is why (for what reason), have President’s Bush and Obama both over ruled the constitution and made into law by virtue of NDAA, the authority to declare martial law based on an inclusion of civil disorder (not war or terrorism), with the further authority to abolish habeas corpus, the right to due process under law. b) Exceptionalism The argument for this is that America has a type of governance that prevents tyranny, (martial law). My argument is that the constitution is only worth the paper it’s written on and holds no guarantee other than what the people wish it to be, which is what the Founding Fathers warned against. The people didn’t wish or vote for mass immigration, NSA spying or mass surveillance of its population. There was no vote to replace the 1878 Congressional Posse Comitatus Act, which forbids military involvement in domestic law enforcement without congressional approval. My second question. In a society supposedly unique in its limitations of State power, with checks and balances, why is power increasingly being transferred to a central government
authority. An executive order signed by Obama in March 2012. Sec. 201. Priorities and Allocations Authorities.(a)The authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act, 50 U.S.C. App. 2071, to require acceptance and priority performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, and to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense, is delegated to the following agency heads . . .’ There follows a designation of power to Federal authorities of health, energy, commerce. agriculture and transport, which is just about everything needed for a functioning society. The abuse of executive power Does this mean that martial law will be introduced to America? No, but it does mean that Obama, or a future President, may do so if s/he wishes, by over riding the constitution. Can ‘we the people’ via a representative congress prevent this? ‘’Article II, Section 2, clause 2, U.S. Constitution: [The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur . . .’’ (my bold). President Obama. ‘’We don’t need congress to approve an Iran treaty.’’ My third question; if a President can over rule congress on treaties and give themselves the authority to make martial law possible, what is there left to prevent them from doing so. In every democratic society, leaders are elected to govern, not ‘fundementally change.’ The voted for socially engineered change in American society has sent it plumetting both socially and economically. In every other society that has introduced martial law, it has followed the same economic, or social upheaval America now has. A society of mass government dependency, huge economic problems and civil unrest. Armoured vehicles on the streets, militarised SWAT teams, laws passed to enable martial law. The ACLU, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, The Center for Constitutional Rights and a host of others, including even the Russian International radio broadcasting service have expressed alarm at NDAA content and the shift towards an increasingly militarised State. (Guardian, UK centre-left newspaper) ‘’There is no doubt that 9/11 heavily influenced the changes to America’s happy-go-lucky life style. One must go back in the American history to the moment when the Big Brother attitude became part and parcel of the psyche of the American democratic state.’’ Huffington post ‘’ . . . we in the emerging American police state find ourselves reliving the same set of circumstances over and over again -- egregious surveillance, strip searches, police shootings of unarmed citizens, government spying, the criminalization of lawful activities, warmongering, etc. -- although with far fewer moments of comic hilarity.’’ The questions summarised. If there is no possibility of martial law, why have both Bush and Obama introduced it into law, for what reason is Obama by-passing congress with executive power and what is stopping any President in power now authorising martial law.
The Pose Comitatus Act of 1878 was placed in to affect to ensure that military commanders can not forcibly take over the civilian population. The act ensures that each individual State is responsible for maintaining good order and discipline in their jurisdiction. The act is very small and allows the military to assist civilian authorities if the need is needed and wanted. I believe that the Posse Comitatus Act serves a valuable purpose in American Law, but changes could be made in the future to provide a more up to date standard, especially in the realm of terrorism.
The true ideas written in the U.S. Constitution will be debated for all of time. No one knows the exact connotation of the Framers' words, but in today's world they are interpreted as words of freedom and liberty. The argument over whether or not the Constitution is as liberating as it is perceived may never be solved. This historic document has some unfortunate undertones that give it a counter-revolutionary feel, but at the same time it is full of wisdom to keep the American Revolution alive. While no one will ever truly know which side of the Constitution to believe, it has done its' job very well up till now, and will for many years to come.
Through the years many changes have taken place, and technologies have been discovered, yet our Constitution remains. Some say that the Constitution was written for people hundreds of years ago, and in turn is out of step with the times. Yet its principals and guidelines have held thus far. The framers would be pleases that their great planning and thought have been implemented up until this point. However this does not compensate for the fact, that the we the people have empowered the government more so than our fore fathers had intended. Citizens were entrusted with the duty to oversee the government, yet so many times they are disinterested and only seem to have an opinion when the government’s implications affect them. As time has changed so has the American people, we often interpret our freedoms in a self serving manner, disregarding the good of the whole and also the good for the future. Thus there are no true flaws in the Constitution, it appears that the conflict emerges in the individual and their self, and poses question when we must decide when to compromise the morals that our Constitution was founded on, or when to stick to what we know is right and honest.
The United States' Constitution is one the most heralded documents in our nation's history. It is also the most copied Constitution in the world. Many nations have taken the ideals and values from our Constitution and instilled them in their own. It is amazing to think that after 200 years, it still holds relevance to our nation's politics and procedures. However, regardless of how important this document is to our government, the operation remains time consuming and ineffective. The U.S. Constitution established an inefficient system that encourages careful deliberation between government factions representing different and sometimes competing interests.
In the twenty century, the U.S society was in the period of tending to be a human base society. The laws in America were introduced to create a fair and regulated society for its citizens. The First and Fourteenth Amendment of Constitution granted that the U.S citizens have the freedom of speech. And the New York State had its law of Criminal Anarchy Act since 1902 for “organized government should be overthrown by force or violence, or by assassination of the executive head or of any of the executive officials of government, or by any unlawful means (n.p).” The citizen in the any state of the U.S should always both obey the state law and follow the national constitution. Otherwise, the citizen would get corresponding punishment for jail, community service or even death for most states. However, the case of Gitlow vs New York happened in 1925 that majorly argued about the U.S citizens’ guaranteed freedom of speech in the First Amendment of Constitution and the New York State’s Criminal Anarchy Act.
The US constitution was written with great vision to create strong nation. The bill of right were written, it provide all humans with rights. The writers of the constitution we hypocrites, they didn’t abide by what they preached. Thomas Jefferson wrote himself “ all men are created equal” but he owned slaves. The founding father didn’t look or even think about slavery when they wrote the constitution. They were pre-occupied in getting the southern state to join the union and sign the new constitution. They southern states believed that the federal government shouldn’t mess with the issue on slavery because slavery was a state issue.
The Anti-Federalists proposed great arguments for why the constitution should be changed and gained much support for opposing the Federalists, but the Federalists won the arguments in the end. The Federalists were able to hold their own ground and defend the new constitution from the arguments of the Anti-Federalists. These major arguments helped to shape our nation by creating the document we have been using as a guideline for our government for over 200 years.
To define the terminology of federalism to a simplistic way is the sharing of sovereignty between the national government and the local government. It is often described as the dual sovereignty of governments between the national and the local to exert power in the political system. In the US it is often been justified as one of the first to introduce federalism by the ‘founding fathers’ which were developed in order to escape from the overpowered central government. However, federalism in the United States is hitherto uncertain where the power lies in the contemporary political system. In this essay I will outline and explain how power relationship alternates between states and federal government. Moreover I will also discuss my perspective by weighing the evidence based upon resources. Based on these resources, it will aid me to evaluate the recent development in the federal-state relationship.
America is the most well armed nation in the world, with American citizens owning about 270 million of the world’s 875 million firearms (Marshall). Indeed, this is more than a quarter of the world’s registered firearms. The reason why Americans own so many guns is because of the Second Amendment, which states, “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” (Rauch) This amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to have firearms. Since this amendment is relatively vague, it is up for interpretation, and is often used by gun advocates to argue for lenient gun laws. Hence, gun control is a frequently discussed controversial topic in American politics.
Over the past five years Americans have seen many horrific tragedies related to gun violence. Each of these terrible events has been accompanied with scrutinizing media coverage, and subsequently, a push on government level for increased gun control. On the surface these movements to take away guns from Americans may seem justified because of these events. In reality the federal government is encroaching upon our Second Amendment, the right to bear arms.
“The Constitution leaves in its wake a long legacy, forever shaping the fate of many other countries. Whether those countries are currently in a state favorable to liberty or not, it is undeniable that the U.S. Constitution’s principles have caused people to rethink how to organize their political systems” (Hang). Time has only added value to the Constitution, for every time we reference it in our lives it is a testament of our trust and loyalty in what it states about our rights as individuals and the role the government plays in our lives. When it was written, the Constitution was the law of the land that gave people rights they had previously lived without. Similarly, we live lives of choice and independence because of the same document while other countries limit all the rights we are guaranteed in the Constitution. Simply put, “The Constitution is important because it protects individual freedom, and its fundamental principles govern the United States. The Constitution places the government 's power in the hands of the citizens. It limits the power of the government and establishes a system of checks and balances”
In America the central government is the Federal government and the subdivision is the state 's. Just to have a central government and local governments does not make it federalism you must have division of powers between these two and neither the central or the sub governments receives its powers from the other, their power derives from one source which is the constitution. The purpose of federalism that was to provide further protection against tyranny, which threatened people’s, liberties. Also it was formed to prevent the formation of a concentrated power in one area of government, so the development of federalism came
Many people believe that the Second Amendment means that only the military should have the right to carry guns. This is a must for the military but about everybody else is still a debatable topic. Many Americans believed that english history and the experience of colonial times, are different from the time today. The central governments are prone to use armies to oppress the people. For other purposes such as responding to sudden invasions, the government might be restricted to using a militia to fight off the situation. The militia will consist of ordinary civilians who will supply themselves with their own weapons and receive part time money. Militias are always either joined with federal, state or local government control.They described a militia or army not under no control could be considered illegal or in rebellion leading to danger. Gun control is such an important right to many individuals that they will go out of their way to make sure the right is preserved. Some ind...
On the other hand in a federal system the central authority has broad powers on matters that concern the nation. For example in the USA the central authority controls foreign affairs and defense policy
One of them is the Supremacy Clause in Article VI. It states that the Constitution and federal laws are superior to any state laws and can override any state provisions or conflicts (Dautrich & Yalof, 2016). The 1816 Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Supreme Court case has also established that states cannot interpret the Constitution and should adhere to the Supreme Court’s interpretation of it (Dautrich & Yalof, 2016). In this way, federalism exercises preemption, according to which federal laws supersede state laws within the enumerated powers issues. Additionally, the full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immunities clause regulate relations between states (Dautrich & Yalof, 2016). Through such provisions, the Constitution provides additional regulation of power in the federal