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It was not until August of 1996 when Bin Laden issued a fatwa a declaration war upon the US, following the June bombing of a US Air Force Installation in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 service members and wounded 515 people (Hellman.) He laid out the multitude of reasons why the group has purposely targeted the United States and its allies. The fatwa outlines 7 major reasons with a multitude of sub reasons concurrent with his main points. His first is that of “we” as in the western world attacked them first and they are only resisting foreign aggression. The remainder of his reasons includes everything from our exploitation of Islamic countries resources and economies to moral issues such as the acceptance of homosexuality, porn, sex for pleasure and so on that we commonly accept. If we accept and remedy his outlined reasons that he has with the US he calls for us as a whole to deal with and interact with the Islamic peoples of the world on a basis of mutual interest (Osama Bin Laden.) “We also call you to deal with us and interact with us on the basis of mutual interests and benefits, rather than the policies of sub dual, theft and occupation and not to continue your policy of supporting the Jews because this will result in more disasters for you” (Osama Bin laden.)
The 1996 fatwa issuance was followed up with a 1998 issuance of a 2nd fatwa which was a restatement of the original. During this same year two US Embassies were bombed in Kenya and Tanzania. The death toll of these two attacks was 301 people with over 5,000 injured (Hellman.)In response to this President Clinton authorized the use of cruise missiles to strike terrorist targets including training camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical weapons factory in Sudan. An ...
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...mmission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Web. 01 Aug 2011.
Hellman, Chris. “Chronology of Major Attacks Against US Targets). Center for Defense Information. Web. 01 Aug 2011.
Bin Laden, Osama. “Bin Laden’s Letter to America”. Aug 1996. Web. 01 Aug 2011.
Bin Laden, Osama. “Jihad against Jews and Crusaders”. 23 Feb 1998. Web. 01 Aug 2011.
“Reactions to the 11 September Attacks”. Wikipedia. 21 July 2011. Web. 03 Aug 2011.
Dr. Robinson, Mathew. “9/11: Other Warnings to the U.S. Government Prior to the Attacks of September 11th, 2001”. Appalachian State University. Web. 01 Aug 2011.
Thompson, Paul. “They Tried to Warn Us: Foreign Intelligence Warnings Before 9/11”. Web. 03 Aug 2011.
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Jeffrey David Simon, The Terrorist Trap: America's Experience with Terrorism, 2nd ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001), 188-89.
Manning, William A (1993). The World Trade Center bombing: Report and analysis. Emmitsburg, Md.: Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Fire Administration, National Fire Data Center.
Following the devastating terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, the Unites States found itself in a search for answers and revenge against those that had brought about this atrocity. The attack that has been compared to that of Pearl-Harbor elevated the tracking and collecting of terrorism from barely a priority, to the forefront of the American radar. I honestly believe that terrorism as the #1 priority is destined to remain at the top for the foreseeable future. The elemental thoughts on almost all American minds following the attacks were who had the strength and capability to could carry out such an attack on a country with the world’s strongest military and what led to their focus to attack the Untied States: In short, who attacked us, and why do they hate us? The Untied States formed a bi-partisan 9/11 Commission was formed to trace the roots of Al-Qa’ida, investigate the history of the 19 hijackers, examine missed opportunities of law enforcement officials to avert the disaster, and make recommendations to clean up the faulty incoherent intelligence-gathering operation. The 500+ page 9/11 Commission Report contained thirteen chapters of historical narratives, analysis and recommendations. All ten members of the bi-partisan commission signed off on the report, which has arguably become a national historical document. Just as the 9/11 Commission was created to find answers and recommend necessary follow steps to ensure history doesn’t repeat itself, Lawrence Wright sought answers as to why 3000 American lives were lost in the attacks on September 11th. An experienced traveler to the region, Lawrence Wright endeavored to do his own investigative study into the history, ideology and circumstances behind this large-...
Prados, John. Safe for Democracy The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago, IL: Ivan R Dee, Publisher, 2006.
Anonymous. "Strategic Warning: If Surprise Is Inevitable, What Role for Analysis?" Www.cia.gov. Central Intelligence Agency, 21 Apr. 2007. Web. 11 Nov. 2013.
The Top September 11 Conspiracy Theories. (n.d.). America - Engaging the World - America.gov. Retrieved April 26, 2010, from http://www.america.gov/st/webchat-english/2009/
Doak, Robin. Empire of the Islamic World. Rev. ed. West 31st Street, NY: Chelsea House, 2009.
When a giant explosion ripped through Alfred P. Murrah federal building April 19,1995, killing 168 and wounding hundreds, the United States of America jumped to a conclusion we would all learn to regret. The initial response to the devastation was all focused of middle-eastern terrorists. “The West is under attack,”(Posner 89), reported the USA Today. Every news and television station had the latest expert on the middle east telling the nation that we were victims of jihad, holy war. It only took a few quick days to realize that we were wrong and the problem, the terrorist, was strictly domestic. But it was too late. The damage had been done. Because America jumped to conclusions then, America was later blind to see the impending attack of 9/11. The responsibility, however, is not to be placed on the America people. The public couldn’t stand to hear any talk of terrorism, so in turn the White House irresponsibly took a similar attitude. They concentrated on high public opinion and issues that were relevant to Americans everyday. The government didn’t want to deal with another public blunder like the one in Oklahoma City. A former FBI analyst recalls, “when I went to headquarters (Washington, D.C.) later that year no one was interested in hearing anything about Arab money connections unless it had something to do with funding domestic groups. We stumbled so badly on pinpointing the Middle East right off the bat on the Murrah bombing. No one wanted to get caught like that again,”(Posner 90). The result saw changes in the counter terrorism efforts; under funding, under manning, poor cooperation between agencies, half-hearted and incompetent agency official appointees and the list goes on. All of these decisions, made at the hands of the faint-hearted, opened the doors wide open, and practically begged for a terrorist attack. So who’s fault is it? The public’s for being
9/11 Attacks History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. (n.d.). History.com History Made Every Day American & World History. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks
25.Griffin, David Ray The New Pearl Harbor Revisited: 9/11, the Cover-Up, and the Exposé 2008, Olive Branch Press
Traister, Bryce. "Terrorism Before The Letter: Benito Cereno And The 9/11 Commission Report." Canadian Review Of American Studies 43.1 (2013): 23-47.MasterFILE Elite. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
... Sept. 11th, 2001, terrorist attack on theWorld Trade Center and the unreliability of U.S. intelligence onWeapons of mass Destruction in Iraq have been a focus of intense scrutiny in the U.S. in 2004 particularly in the context of the 9/11 Commision , the continuing armed resistance against U.S. occupation of Iraq, and the widely perceived need for systematic review of the respective roles of the CIA, FBI and the Defense Intelligence Agency. On July 9th, 2004 the Senate report of Pre-war Intelligenceon Iraq of the Senate Intelligence Committe stated that the CIA described the danger presented by Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq in an unreasonable way, largely unsupported by the available intelligence. In a briefing held Sept 15th, 2001 George Tenet presented the Worldwide Attack Matrix, a "top-secret" document describing covert CIA anti-terror operations in 80 countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The actions, underway or being recommended, would range from "routine propaganda to lethal covert action in preparation for military attacks". The plans, if carried out, "would give the CIA the broadest and most lethal authority in its history".
Roberts, M. R. (2011, September 08). "A broad terrorism plan". American City & County, Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.
BENAC, N. (2011). National security: Ten years after september 11 attacks, u.s. is safe but not
Khashan, Hilal. “The New World Order and the Tempo of Militant Islam.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 24, Issue 1 (1997. 5), 5-24.