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How technology impacts the modern world
How technology impacts the modern world
Technology has changed our daily life
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Jessica Mishkoff
Ms. King
10th Honors Literature
18 February 2016
Robotic Surgery: The Medicine of the Future
Technology is changing the world. However, many people are concerned with how technology will affect their lives. Robotic Surgery is a recent technological and medical development that provides numerous advantages over traditional surgeries. Robotic surgery is a recent innovation in the medical field that is currently being used in all forms of surgical medicine. This kind of robotic endoscopic surgery has been used by medical professionals for over a decade in both the United States and Europe (Poffo 296). In cardiac patients, these minimally invasive procedures are used to replace the standard sternotomy (Bush 2). Sternotomies
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Typically with robotic surgeries, there is a lesser need for a blood transfusion (The Cost of Robotic Surgery). According to the mitral valve replacement study, “Mean packed red blood cell transfusion was also lower among patients who underwent robotic assisted mitral valve surgery (5.0 versus 2.8 units, P = 0.04).” (Bush 3). Cases where robotic surgery was performed had less atrial fibrillation and pleural effusion cases which led to a hospital stay 0.9 days shorter than cases where a complete sternotomy was performed (Bush 2). Lower rates of infection are also more common among endoscopic robotic surgery (The Cost of Robotic Surgery). This is because the approach used by robotic cardiac surgeries involves not taking down both mammary grafts, which eliminates putting the patient at risk for deep wounds and infection (Bernstein …show more content…
Institutional cost for Da Vinci system is approximately $1 million with maintenance of $100,000 (Morgan 247). The absolute cost for a robotic atrial septal defect in one study was an additional $972 from a traditional surgery, while the cost of a robotic mitral valve repair was an additional $644 from a traditional surgery(Morgan 248). This cost factor however can be disproved in that while the cost of the surgery costed more, the outcomes of the surgery enabled the cost to decrease over time (Morgan 249). Considering the lack of complications, less post operative care, and shorter stay at hospital after the surgery, it is understandable why cost would not drastically increase (Morgan 249). Another factor that causes people to oppose robotic surgery is the extended surgery time. In one study conducted by Columbia University, results showed that the average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 42 minutes, 39 minutes, and 11 minutes longer than a complete sternotomy, partial sternotomy, and thoracotomy, respectively. This study overall showed that the average bypass time is longer for a robotic procedure. A complication that can arise from this longer procedure is patient hypothermia (Chauhan 170). This complication however can be prevented using certain procedures and precautions, so as long as these precautions are taken the risk of
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement or TAVR is the latest technology used principally for the treatment of aortic stenosis, a condition in which one of the major valves of the heart, the aortic valve, becomes tight and stiff, usually as a result of aging (3). Since many patients who need aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis are too sick to undergo major valve replacement surgery, they are unable to get the treatment they need. With the transcatheter aortic valve, this issue is bypassed because this valve can be implanted in the heart by accessing the patient’s heart through an artery in the groin. The valve can be inserted through a wire that can be pushed to the heart and the old valve is simply pushed to the side when the new valve is implanted. This technology has been in use in the US with Edwards’ Sapiens valve since 2011 and has saved the lives of many patients with aortic stenosis (4). Medtronic’s CoreValve uses similar technology and has won patent fights in Europe and has been in use internationally. However, within U.S., Medtronic has not been...
St. Joseph’s Hospital of Atlanta is a not-for-profit hospital founded by the Sisters of Mercy in 1880. This is a 410-bed acute care hospital that has been recognized throughout the Southeast as one of the leading specialty-referral hospitals. To be noted, St. Joseph’s Hospital is considered to be Atlanta’s oldest hospital and the only Catholic hospital in Atlanta area. “St. Joseph’s was the first hospital in Georgia to perform robotic-assisted, totally-endoscopic closed-chest heart surgery, according to the hospital”. St. Joseph’s is renowned for its most comprehensive minimally invasive robotic surgery program in the world and is the region’s preeminent provider of cardiac, vascular oncology and orthopedic services. Others services are available, such as: neurologic, vascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, orthopaedic, and cancer care, among other specialties. St. Joseph’s is ranked amongst the 50 top hospitals and has been recognized as one of a few hospitals around the world to receive Magnet Recognition for Nursing Excellence. The medical staff consists of more than approximately 750 physicians, with research services and the most advanced technology available.
By the end of the century, a new type of surgery was being used called
The Burden of the disease is high with a prevalence of 3.4% 2. With the progressive nature of the disease and the increased severity of the symptoms made the surgery the gold standard for symptomatic AS patients ,however up to 30% of cases are considered too high risk for classical valve replacement surgery and remain untreated and experiencing poor prognosis . Fortunately , with the introduction of TAVR its offer a valuable option for the inoperable or at high risk of surgery patients3..the annual eligible candidate for this procedure expected to be 27,000 in 19 European countries and North America according to recent meta-analysis an...
A do not resuscitate order for patients who have emergency surgery is an “independent risk factor for poor surgical outcome and postoperative mortality” (Kelley , 2014 pg 1 para 3) and the probability of returning patients to their previous level of functioning is higher for CPR performed during the peri-operative period (Kelley , 2014).
A minimally invasive technique may also be an option for some patients. With recent advances in technologies and procedural techniques, more cardiac surgeons are using minimally invasive procedures to replace heart valves (Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery). These procedures may potentially reduce pain, scarring, and recovery time (Types of Heart Surgery. n.d.).
The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.
...gs causing high pressure in the arteries; leading to an irreversible pulmonary hypertension. Other complications include, “aortic insufficiency, leaking of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta; damage to the electrical conduction system of the heart during surgery causing an irregular heart rhythm; delayed growth and development; heart failure; stroke; infective endocarditis, a bacterial infection of the heart.”
The use of supplies is a problem because we are spending too much money on them. We are a world-renowned hospital with very high-end robots and equipment. Therefore, our surgeons demand the best and the higher valued machines and supplies. Cost and quality need to be considered. We do not want the quality of care for the patients to be jeopardized because of inadequate planning in regards to low quality supplies (Sullivan, 2009).
A surgical technologist is an adventurous, inspiring, and active job to have, working under the bright lights, wearing masks, strong suction, sharp, shiny tools and most importantly seeing opened life on the operating table with many adventures to come in the operating room.
I chose the Da Vinci Surgical system as my topic because I am interested into going to physical therapy or into the orthopedics field after undergrad. Surgical equipment is highly important due to the hundreds of accidents that happen and also the high percentage of diseases. As these incidents occur it is important to consider the safety of the patient when it comes to cutting into their bodies. With the invention of the Da Vinci Surgical system it helped with vision and different viewpoints of the patient’s body and also improves precision. It is important to have a machine or tool for more than one type of surgery, one to use on patients with different injuries or diseases. Overall, this surgical system helps improve and help further research how precise and how in control a surgeon can be.
The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a surgical robot, which is operated by the doctor himself using a controlled manipulator (Declan et al.). Prior to the invention of robot-assisted surgeries, most surgeons simply did a typical laparoscopic surgery on a patient. Laparoscopic surgery is “a type of surgery performed through several small incisions, rather than one (or more) large ones as in standard "open" surgery” (Schmitz). Through the development of superior technology, such as the surgical robot; it brought about changes that effected doctors, patients, and the medical world.
Surgery comes from Greek via Latin: meaning "hand work". Surgery is an ancient medical procedure that uses specific techniques on a patient to investigate and treat a small or severe condition such as disease or injury. Surgery can be used for different reasons; some might be to help improve body function or appearance, and some maybe for religious reasons. There are many types of surgeries (e.g. neuro, cardiac, plastic, oral, podiatric etc., etc.). Surgery originally started in France in the 16th century, but was very rarely used. This French surgery was also only preformed for minor uses. Surgery back then was very risky and only a few patients survived. Now you might be thinking, what kind of doctors were those idiots, but think again, does surgery only need a very highly educated surgeon? The simple answer is no. The reason or should I say the greatest reason was that of the tools.
...d decision-making capabilities robots have to offer, they can be used for complicated surgical procedures in the very near future. Precision handling and perfection in surgical tool alignment are vital for surgeries that occur at the micro scale (like neuro surgery).
Engineers must consider certain constrains before designing surgical robots. These robots must be easily sterilized. If they are to perform complex surgeries, they must be accurate and comfortable to use for long periods of time. The robot must also be able to use the same tools a surgeon needs to use during surgery. From about 1,000 robotic surgeries performed in 2000, there are now more than 500,000 robotic surgeries performed worldwide every year.