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Community based correction is an alternative to incarceration
Principles of effective punishment
Principles of effective punishment
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Corrections has four main goals with crime. Those four goals are to help prevent crime and how to handle those who have committed crimes. These four goals each offer different vastly ways how on to handle those who have committed crime, and how to prevent it. These goals are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation.
Retribution, is one of the four goals within corrections. It’s the belief that those who committed should have to pay for what they did. Such as when someone commits a crime, they should have to pay a certain way. Either those ways being fines, or serving time in jail or prison. Or it could be something along the lines of community service for a certain amount of hours.
Society has long since operated on a system of reward and punishment. That is, when good deeds are done or a person behaves in a desired way they SP are rewarded, or conversely punished when behaviour does not meet the societal norms. Those who defy these norms and commit crime are often punished by organized governmental justice systems through the use of penitentiaries, where prisoners carry out their sentences. The main goals of sentencing include deterrence, safety of the public, retribution, rehabilitation, punishment and respect for the law (Government of Canada, 2013). However, the type of justice system in place within a state or country greatly influences the aims and mandates of prisons and in turn targets different aspects of sentencing goals. Justice systems commonly focus on either rehabilitative or retributive measures.
Corrections are a necessary tool to protect society from those who do harm to others or to others property. Depending on the type of crime that was committed, and if the crime is considered a state or federal charge, also depends on where the person sentenced will do his time. There are four main sentencing options available; prison, probation, probation and confinement, and prison and community split. When a person is sentenced to do their time in prison most likely they will go to a state or federal prison. If a person is ordered probation, it prevents them from going to jail but they have stipulations on their probation. This is called intermediate sanctions, which are the various new correctional options used as adjuncts to and part of probation. Some intermediate sanctions include restitution, fines, day fines, community service, intensive supervised probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, and shock incarceration.
Retribution is the philosophy best explained by the famous saying, “an eye for an eye”. Those that believe in this form of justice hold a strict and harsh view on punishments for crime. The proponents of retribution believe that severe penalties act as deterrence to future crime, however, studies
Arguably, there are many reasons for punishment, including: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, restoration, and rehabilitation. The main aim of criminal law is to punish anybody who does wrong to the society; however, it is clear that there are different goals and forms of punishment as listen above. Notably, these differences exist because of the severity of the crime and its punishment. A murderer can be sentenced to die but a shoplifter cannot face the same sentence. The first type of punishment, retribution, punishes the crime doer because the system believes that it is right and fair. Therefore, it looks back at the crime and matches it with the best possible punishment (Schmalleger, 2013). The second type, incapacitation, is forward
Corrections in criminal justice is a punishment to rehabilitation or improve offender’s behaviors. The correctional system has programs that include parole and probation that are set for inmates that qualify to improve themselves and become better people. There are also other programs that provide care and support for inmates that are making a transition from custody to society. Evidenced based programing are out there to help inmates and make a change in corrections.
The Criminal Justice system was established to achieve justice. Incarceration and rehabilitation are two operations our government practices to achieve justice over criminal behavior. Incarceration is the punishment for infraction of the law and in result being confined in prison. It is more popular than rehabilitation because it associates with a desire for retribution. However, retribution is different than punishment. Rehabilitation, on the other hand is the act of restoring the destruction caused by a crime rather than simply punishing offenders. This may be the least popular out of the two and seen as “soft on crime” however it is the only way to heal ruptured communities and obtain justice instead of punishing and dispatching criminals
Retribution – is a correctional aim which is to hold a person who has committed a crime accountable for committing a crime against another or society in the form of punishment. (Stojkovic and Lovell 2013) What we look at in retribution is when someone is punished there is legitimacy in the punishment of a particular crime that was committed. Some of the pros of retribution are retribution can make a person or society feel safer or a feeling of justice being served when a person is punished for the crime they committed. The con of retribution is during court proceedings the prosecution and the offender’s lawyer may come to a plea agreement which could give the offender a lesser sentence than what he or she would have gotten originally. (Stojkovic and Lovell 2013)
The role of corrections is to gather evidence including witnesses, conduct investigations, trials, convictions and possible treatments for recovery offenders. According to Siegel and Bartollas (2017, p.4), “Corrections is defined as the institutions and methods that society uses to correct, control, and change the behavior of convicted offenders.” The corrections system is designed to protect our society from the endangerments and social harm brought on by criminal offenders. Regarding Siegel and Bartollas (2017, p.4) “A key part of this mission is to prevent those convicted of crimes, ranging from the most serious felonies to petty misdemeanors, from repeating their criminal activities. “The history of corrections shows several harsh treatments
Sentencing is the imposition of a criminal sanction by a sentencing authority , such as a judge. Schmallger & Smykla, 2009, pg# 71) There are seven goals of sentencing including revenge, retribution, just deserts, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restoration. Revenge refers to a retaliation to some kind of assault and injury. Revenge can be a type of punishment for the criminal justice system. The jury, sometimes, basis there choices on emotions, facts and evidence. It is considered revenge in some cases because the victim's looks at it that way when they feel justice has been served. Retribution is a type of sentencing involving another form of retaliation. Retribution means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done. ( Schmalleger & Smykla, 2009, pg# 73) The victim is not alone when it comes to being affected by the crime. Society is strongly affected by what a criminal does in whichever area he or she chooses. Retribution, in a good sense, would be if a coworker does her best as her job and her boss gave her a raise. This would be considered paying her back for her good deeds. As far as the criminal's heinous acts, retribution would more than likely be community service in the town were the crimes occurred. This form of sentencing gives a sort of relief to society
The discussion and reading assignment in the class suggested that we have a specific way of punishing criminal offenders and there are four purposes behind this system.
Retribution is what most commonly referred to as the “just deserts” model that says the punishment should match the “degree of harm a criminal has inflicted on their victims” (Stohr, Walsh, & Hemmens, 2013, p.6). In other words, what they “justly deserve”. Where minor crimes should expect a minor punishment, those who commit more severe crimes should expect to be met with just as severe of a punishment in return. An example, some believe that when someone kills someone else, that person should then, in turn, receive the death penalty (depending on the state this would also be allowed or expected by law).
Retribution is something done or given to somebody as punishment or vengeance for something he or she has done. Those who side with retribution usually do not consider trying to improve a criminal in any way and attempting to make him or her an asset to society. Usually, their motto would be, “An eye for an eye.” An example of this would be a person raping a person’s daughter, so someone who knew they daughter reacting and going after the person or maybe even their daughter and raping them. Retribution is usually not carried out by the criminal justice system but by vengeance and society taking the law into their own hands. Several people do not believe that retribution is the most effective way to go about punishing criminals due to the fact that it sends out the wrong message to those around us.
According to David Garland, punishment is a legal process where violators of the criminal law are condemned and sanctioned with specified legal categories and procedures (Garland, 1990). There are different forms and types of punishment administered for various reasons and can either be a temporary or lifelong type of punishment. Punishment can be originated as a cause from parents or teachers with misbehaving children, in the workplace or from the judicial system in which crimes are committed against the law. The main aim of punishment is to demonstrate to the public, the victim and the offender that justice is to be done, to reduce criminal activities and to deter people from wanting to commit any form of crime against the law. In other words it is a tool used to eliminate the bad in society or to deter people from committing criminal activities.
Crime is defined as an omission or an act that violates the set laws in a given jurisdiction, and which is punishable when an individual is convicted (Arrington, 2006). Crimes include offenses concerning drugs, against property or people, offenses as per the provision of the federal statute, and motor vehicle offenses. Some of the disorderly behaviors, which may include public urination, aggressive panhandling, and sleeping in public areas, such as streets, are not necessarily considered to be criminal acts, but such acts always affect the community or the society since it leads to the erosion of the quality of life in the given society or community in which such activities are rampant. Normally, there are three main factors that must be present so that a crime can take place. These include the presence of a motivated offender, who has the intention of performing the criminal activity, The availability of a suitable target, that motivates and arouse the interest of the offender to engage in the criminal activity, and a third part, which either a person or something the either encourages the crime to take place or discourages the criminal acts form being committed by the offender. In essence, this can be put as that, crimes concerns people, situations, and places. These elements are thus the responsibility of crime prevention of crime reduction.
One major interest of criminologists is correction: what should be done with the criminal once he or she has been caught, tried, and convicted.