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Effects of corporal punishment on children
Effects of corporal punishments
Effects of corporal punishment on children
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When used infrequently and with reasoning, corporal punishment reduces defiance and lowers rates of antisocial behavior as compared to alternative disciplinary tactics (Larzelere and Kuhn, 27). Corporal punishment is defined as a form of physical punishment involving the use of hand or another object to hit the bottom of a child to correct misbehavior. Spanking has been the main source of child discipline, dating back to ancient Babylon, Greece, and Rome. More recently, Scientists have discovered a link between physical punishment and psychological problems. Much research, conducted in the 90’s, concludes that corporal punishment has a direct link to short and long-term psychological and social issues. Larzelere and Kuhn conducted the first …show more content…
Spanking immediately reduces defiance when used as opposed to time-out or removal from the situation. It is imperative that a parent is calm and collected when enforcing correct behavior and utilizing corporal punishment as a disciplinary means rather than resorting to yelling at a child which is the leading cause of psychological and social issues (Bartowski, 266-67). “Many scholars have linked frequent yelling to higher recorded rates of antisocial behavior, lower levels of self-esteem, and psychopathology in children” (Bartowski, 266) as opposed to spanking. The phrase “Just wait until your father gets home” strikes fear into the hearts of all children, as it should. Dr. James Dobson, a family psychologist, and Christian author reiterates this by stating that when disciplining “whatever the approach, the child should find it unpleasant and adversive” (Dobson, 232). Many Christian authoritarians position on child-rearing reflect the bible verse that states “He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes” (The open bible edition,
People say spanking can be harmful to a child’s health. They have placed laws in Washington State in regards to spanking and other corporal punishments. But why, why all the fuss, spanking couldn’t be that bad could it? There must be studies to prove that spanking can cause bad child behavior otherwise why would there be laws on this madder? What are the opinions of the experts, and their methods of disciplining children?
Growing up as children, from a very early stage in life we are taught by our parents and guardians to follow the simple rules set in the family setting as well as being respectful to everyone. As a child if one misbehaved or failed to live by the code of conduct, they ought to be disciplined in order to get back on track. Discipline simply meant to impart knowledge and skills. Many times however, discipline is mistaken for punishment and control and this poses a great challenge to parents on effective methods of instilling discipline in their children from one stage of life to the next for instance; how parents ought to discipline older children varies from the way they are required to handle toddlers.
Darcia begins her writing by first defining spanking as “hitting a child on the bottom with an open hand.” She then illustrates situations in which many parents may warrant the need for spanking. She follows with multiple examples of the negative effects of corporal punishment on the developing children ranging from increased aggression in retaliation to lack of trust
Holden (2002) reviewed Gershoff’s (2002) meta-analyses of eighty-eight (88) studies and noted that there were both positive and negative outcomes associated with the punishment of spanking. According to Gershoff’s (2002) analysis, the one positive outcome was immediate compliance by the child (Holden, 2002). This result was found to be consistent in five (5) studies. Immediate compliance was defined as the child complying to the parents directive within five (5) seconds. In stark contrast, there were four (4) negative outcomes. The analysis showed a negative effect on the quality of the parent child relationship, the child’s mental health, the child’s perception of being a victim of physical child abuse, and also impacted aggression in adulthood (Holden, 2002).
Nelson, Gerald E., Lewak Richard W.. Who?s the Boss?: Love, Authority, and Parenting. Boston: Shambhala Publications, INC.
Spanking teaches the child that violence is a socially accepted behavior to attain a desired result. To better understand this concept, we must first look at how a child’s brain works. From infancy, children learn through observation and imitation. Studies have shown that infants as young as forty-two minutes can successfully replicate simple facial expressions (Metzloff, Decety 492). By eight months, infants can imitate basic motor movement, even after twenty-four hours have passed since the initial movement occurred. At fourteen months, children can apply an imitation to an external situation up to a week after the initial imitation. (Windell, 67-68, 221). A famous example of this is Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment. Christopher Green of York University helps interpret Bandura’s experiment and results: While acknowledging that certain children may have inherited aggressive personalities, Bandura demonstrated that the majority of personality is learned. Adult models were escorted to a room and shown various toys to play with while child observers watched from outside the room. Among the various toys was a clown “bobo” doll. In some “play” sessions, the models demonstrated aggression toward the doll by punching, kicking, hitting and yelling at it. In other sessions, the models quietly pla...
In this article, the author expresses the effects that spanking your child as a form of punishment at the age earlier ages of toddlerhood such as to the effects it has on the child when he or she becomes older. Spanking is a very common form of punishment at this age and used frequently across the United States as well as other countries. Many parents do not understand the effects that spanking has on their children now and what effect it has on their future and that there are other forms of punishment that can leave the same impact but cause less emotional and physical damage.
Corporal punishment is a traditional practice of imposing pain, which is commonly used by parents towards children to remove an unpleasant behavior. It is also a physical force towards a child for the purpose of control, and as a disciplinary penalty inflicted on the body. The parents play a pivotal role in honing and disciplining their child with regards to his/her actions. Hitting them with physical objects and forcing them to do cleaning works are some of the ways of discipline, which were done at home. In the year 2000, research, the convention, and law reform – modified the punishment towards children. According to research, 20,000 people in the U.S – particularly those who are 20 years old and above, 1,258 experienced punishment by pushing, grabbing, slapping and hitting. 19,349 people had been reported that they didn’t experience such kind of punishment. Moreover, it is also executed on the children, in order for them to act independently and to visualize the negativities of being careless and dependent to others. Punishment is also
Swat! The entire store tries not to stare at the overwhelmed mother spanking her three-year-old whaling son. As if the screaming tantrum wasn't enough of a side show at the supermarket. This method, or technique perhaps, has been around for decades, even centuries. Generations have sat on grandpa’s lap and listened to the stories of picking their own switch or getting the belt after pulling off a devilish trick. So why then has it become a major controversy in the past few decades? The newest claim is that spanking and other forms of physical punishment can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury and mental health problems for children. Brendan L. Smith uses many case studies and psychologists findings in his article “The Case Against Spanking” to suggest that parents refrain from physically punishing their children due to lasting harmful effects.
Corporal punishment is effective in the short-term, but other alternatives, based more on learning theory, are more effective in long-term behavioural modification. The media, such as Time magazine, discusses the issue of corporal punishment using emotive language and vague claims, as opposed to empirical evidence and references to surveys. Therefore, this essay seeks to discuss the effectiveness of corporal punishment, and learning theory alternatives, through analysing research studies and credited analyses.
When I was in preschool-kindergarten my parents told me once not to kiss anyone till I was married, so I did as they said and waited… till I was 22 when I found out it was a joke they told me. Many children, like me, can be very impressionable when they are young, so it’s important that parents are honest, boundaries that are consistent and don't create a relationship rooted in violence. In one study, “80% of mothers reported that the kindergarten children had been spanked at some point” (Lansford 234). Parental spanking of children is so ingrained in society many parents like mine do not even think about how parental spanking of children can affect their relationship with their children. Researchers have found that mothers who spank their children and/or use harsher forms of discipline tend to misinterpret their children's behavior and tend to have a negative bias (Maguire-Jack 1974).
Many parents find themselves using frequent sayings such as, “do not touch that”, do not do that”, and “stop being mean to your sister!” Along with those sayings, parents still refer to a specific passage from the Bible, Proverbs 22:15, which states: Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him. The chapters 22 and 23 of Proverbs speak of how the rod should be used and when. It also tells parents spanking the child will not kill him. Many researchers and parents would argue these facts and state is does cause harm but if they could understand the limitations of the teachings, incorporate communication, and set boundaries the use of a rod would instill wisdom, instruction, and understanding in a child.
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.
Corporal punishment is the physical disciplinary method used by parents, teachers, and school administrators in an effort to correct a child’s undesirable behaviors. The use of physical force is one that is often times controversial and usually evokes very strong reactions. These feelings surface, and opposing views clash, when scandals surrounding corporal punishment hit the media and heated arguments in the comments section of articles emerge. While corporal punishment occasionally makes its way into the limelight, it is a decision all parents are faced with eventually and often times daily. For example, when a toddler is sprawled out on the grocery store floor kicking, hitting, and flinging
First, corporal punishment in public schools is barbaric because it can cause so much stress in a child who usually experiences this from bullying or child abuse. Brain scans display a structural and biochemical change that affects a child’s social behavior. For example, in an article written by Shen-Li Lee, argues that a “child’s anterior cingulated gyrus (ACG) suffers from cell loss, which affects a child’s ability to moderate and emphasize their fear.” Furthermore, the pathway to their brain is changed in ways that can affect their ability to manage stress, which can lead to the child being impulsive, and aggressive toward other people. In addition states that it “can cause impairment to the brain, which can lead to disorders such as ADHD, depression, impaired attention, etc.”