Objective:
The objective of this lab was to calculate the ratio of the copper sulfur compound to conclude whether the compound is made of copper I or II.
Procedure:
A copper coil was twisted.
The mass of the copper coil was found.
The copper coil was placed in a crucible.
A sulfer powder was added to the crucible to cover the copper coil.
The cover was placed on the crucible.
The Bunsen burner was lit.
The covered crucible was placed on the triangle, on the ring stand, above the flame.
The crucible was heated for about 10 minutes or until all the powder is gone.
The crucible is allowed to cool.
The coil is massed.
Theory:
Mass of Sulfide = mass of compound - mass of copper coil
Emperical ~ mass of copper coil x ___1 mole___ = ___moles Cu
Gram molar mass Cu
Mass of Sulfide x ___1 mole___ = ___ moles S
Gram molar mass S
Emperical Ratio: __moles Cu / ___moles S : __ moles S / __moles S
% Composition ~ _mass of element_ x 100
mass of compound
mass : mass conversion ~
mass of Cu x _1 mole Cu_ x 1 mole compound x gram molar mass of compound = mass
gram molar mass Cu gram molar mass S 1 mole of compound of compound
Data:
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Copper II Sulfide ~ (final mass of compound) _ç3.07g - 2.59gç_ x 100 = 15.6%
3.07g
The compound was predicted to be Copper I Sulfide because the error analysis of the final mass was only 1.17% and the error analysis of Copper II Sulfide was 15.6%. Also the empirical ratio is 2:1 which fits Copper I Sulfide (Cu2S), but not Copper II Sulfide which has an empirical ratio of 1:1. The % composition and mass : mass conversion was calculated for both Copper I Sulfide and Copper II Sulfide in order to make sure the results and conclusions were as accurate as possible.
There were no problems during lab. The process ran smoothly. To improve this lab, the cover should not be removed from the crucible until the powder has completely disappeared.
A: The reaction with water and vinegar was the most useful in this experiment. The physical properties were very self explanatory because the texture of the powders was all different expect icing sugar and cornstarch. Also the Ph levels were very similar of six and seven for corn starch and icing sugar respectively. d) Q: How confident do you feel about your identification of the
The Gravimetric Stoichiometry lab was a two-week lab in which we tested one of the fundamental laws of chemistry: the Law of Conservation of Mass. The law states that in chemical reactions, when you start with a set amount of reactant, the product should theoretically have the same mass. This can be hard sometimes because in certain reactions, gases are released and it’s hard to measure the mass of a gas. Some common gases released in chemical reactions include hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor. One of the best methods for determining mass in chemistry is gravimetric analysis (Lab Handout).
"A vessel of a very refractory material used for melting and calcining a substance that requires a high degree of heat." "A severe test." "A place or situation in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence change or development." All of these definitions lead up to one word. Crucible. Author Miller incorporates this word in his play, The Crucible. The aforementioned definitions play a large part in The Crucible's symbolism, characters, and plot.
Mass of KClO3 = Mass of crucible, cover and KClO3 (Step # 3) - Mass of crucible and cover (Step # 1)
A Crucible is a container that can withstand great amount of heat, such as one required for refining gold. It can also mean a severe trial. In the play “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller, severe trails occur throughout the play, not just in the courtroom but also in people’s homes and souls. I believe Arthur Miller named his play “The Crucible” because it shows the trials and hardships people face within themselves, the courtroom and Puritan society.
The crucible and lid are heated at the beginning of the experiment before being weighed so that any moisture in the crucible is burned away.
When Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible he intended to create a symbolic story. An obvious sign of The Crucible having a deeper meaning is that it was written to satirize the Red Scare of the 1950s. In addition the powerful title of The Crucible has several meanings that relate back to the play. The first meaning of the Crucible is “a container for melting or purifying metals,” and the second meaning is “a severe trial or test.” As a third meaning one could also say that the word “crucible” is related to the word “crucifix” and by extension the word “bible” if we extrapolate. Fourthly and lastly the Crucible can also be thought of as a literal kettle. Upon analysis it is striking at how aptly the title fits the story.
In conclusion the Crucible is linked to the play both metaphorically, directly and historically. It is an interesting fact that a crucible is a melting pot especially for metals because the word metals has a homophone, mettle which means natural ardour, spirit, strength or courage. These are some of the qualities John Proctor displays towards the end of the book as his mettle is tested and purified. The title is relevant to most of the themes and issues that the play explores. The title is very effective due the fact it is provocative and encourages one to reflect on the play, its meaning and also its contemporary truth.
Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is an intricate piece of literature. He assembled this literary labyrinth using precision. One example of his twisted methods is his use of the word, “crucible”, in his text. What does the word, “crucible”, mean? This word has five definitions, and Arthur Miller has managed to bring all five of them into play in The Crucible. One definition of the word, “crucible”, is “The light placed in front of The Crucifix”. This definition, unlike the others, is used in a largely abstract way in the text. The, “light”, in The Crucible is a symbol of shining a light on, or drawing attention to, certain issues.
The usual and most widely used definition for crucible, according to the New Oxford Dictionary of English, is: “a pot or vessel made of a substance, such as porcelain, that will withstand extreme heat for the use of melting various materials.” This definition is easily connected to the play. First off, witches supposedly use cauldrons to brew their magic potions, and a synonym for cauldron is crucible. Not only do witches use cauldrons, but the word crucible also could have some meaning as a metaphor. The actions in Salem were like that in a brewing cauldron, there were many heated arguments, and people were being ‘stirred’ and ‘mixed’ around like a vile potion.
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