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Introduction Jane, Jerry and Sam is attempting to launch proceedings against NAP for loss rising from cancellation of the competition outlined in the question. The plaintiffs’ actions would depend on whether there is a breach of contract by NAP. It is essential that key facts come under close scrutiny and are considered in relation to contract law. In order to advise Jane, Jerry and Sam the application of the common law of contract will determine if a contract exists, terms of the contract and whether a breach of contract has occurred. In the event there is a breach the extent of damages to be awarded must also be considered. Is there a contract? In order for Jane, Jerry and Sam to sue NAP a legally enforceable contract must be in place. …show more content…
There are sign of executory consideration channelled through the exchange of promises. However, it is unlikely those promises would sufficed adequate consideration. It is also worthy to note the agreement only stands subject to the approval of the board of directors of NAP. In the question there is no mention of price or a service fee Apple Cider would pay NAP in return for promoting its products . Although practical benefit can be rendered as good consideration outlined in Musumeci v Winnadell and Williams v Roffey there appears to be no practical benefit. Promissory Estoppel Promissory Estoppel has the effect of making promises binding in cases where they are not supported by consideration. The doctrine cannot be used as a cause of action in itself as it does not confer or create new rights on the promisee but rather only operates to stop promisor form full enforcing previous rights against promise hence giving rise to being “a shield but not sword”. For promissory estoppel to prevail the six point test must be considered as it was the case with Walton Stores v Maher . 1. Assumption of legal relationship between promise and
Even though the contract was properly formed, there was a misrepresentation in Perez’s offer when he said that plaintiff “would be managing the sizeable workload of the company rather than bringing in business.” Judge Scarpulla, ruling for the lower court, said that to claim for fraudulent inducement, a plaintiff must show
There is one appellant and three respondents involved in these proceedings. Equuscorp Pty Ltd (referred to as “Equuscorp”) is the appellant. Ian Haxton, Robert Bassat and Cunningham’s Warehouse Sales Pty Ltd (referred to as “the respondents”) are the respondents. This matter was heard in the High Court of Australia in front of Chief Justice French and Judges Gummow, Heydon, Crennan, Kiefel and Bell.
Did the court find specific performance to be an adequate legal remedy in this case?
A promissory estoppel is present if one party makes a promise to the other knowing that the other will rely on it. If the other party relies on it, there would be an injustice if the promise was not enforced. In the case of Sam and the chain store, unless the chain store had already paid him and/or spent money in anticipation of the arrival of the 1000 units, promissory estoppel would not be present since they did not rely on Sam’s promise. However, since the text reads that the chain store wrote a letter to Sam demanding that the 1000 units be sent, it implies that they had relied upon that
...e a loss otherwise. The management’s lack of legal knowledge might have led them to assume that it was the McCaulleys’ responsibility to read all the terms and conditions, and simply refunding the deposit would satisfy these terms. In my opinion, NFM, like many other businesses, may have believed in consumers’ naivety. NFM did not foresee that the McCaulleys would bring the issue to court and appeal the trial court’s decision. The company managers did not follow the golden rule of treating others like they would like to be treated, and failed to consider the public disclosure test and the universalization test. As a result, the McCaulleys received only frustration in return for their patience in doing business with NFM. Had NFM had a clear formal policy about representing the contract terms to customers prior to billing them, the situation would have been different.
When discussing the concept of contract law, there exist two bodies of legal rules that may apply to the contract. These bodies are the common law of contracts and Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code or the UCC. The common law of contracts is court made and is constantly changing, but the UCC is required in every state within the U.S.A. It is important to know which one to use and when, as well as what the differences between them are.
"A contract is a legally enforceable promise or set of promises. In other words, when promises have the status of contract, the contracting party harmed by a breach of the contract is entitled to obtain legal remedies against the breaching party" (Mallor et al., 2015, p. 320)
Firstly we look at the advert which was placed on 3rd March in “every newspaper” in order to promote their new product. It is an established principle that advertisements are invitation to treat rather than offer, Partridge v Crittenden (1988) . However, in the same case Parker L J expanded on the point that if the ‘seller is the manufacturer’, then the rule does not apply. This is because, the manufacturer could potentially make an unlimited amount of chocolate, therefore, the advert the defendant placed, is an offer rather than an invitation to treat.
Gillett v. Holt The doctrine of proprietary estoppel is an equitable intervention in cases where the enforcement of legal rights is considered by the courts to be unconscionably unfair. The essence of the doctrine arises, as defined by Snell: '[when] one (A) is encouraged to act to his detriment by the representations or encouragement of another (O) so that it would be unconscionable for O to insist on his strict legal rights.' (McGhee, 2000, p.637) In the absence of a written agreement, estoppel acts as an evidentiary tool with which the courts can help ensure fair interaction in property dealings. Proprietary estoppel is a method by which informal arrangements are recognized as being capable of creating proprietary interests.
Lord Denning described estoppel succinctly as ‘a principle of justice and equity. It comes to this: when a man, by his words or conduct, has led another to believe in a particular state of affairs, he will not be allowed to go back on it when it would be unjust or inequitable for him to do so’ . Proprietary estoppel in turn is an informal method by which proprietary rights can arise. It can provide a defence to an action by a landowner who seeks to enforce his strict rights against someone who has been informally promised some right or liberty over the land. In turn it can be used as a defence or a cause of action. In order to show how the two doctrines are quite similar, a description of the elements of proprie...
It was argued by Cheung the reference by Lord Scott in Gamlestaden is still a summary of principles derived from Re Chime Corp. It is submitted that the reading of the case of Gamlestaden as it is does not state any criteria to allow corporate relief in unfair prejudice petition but rather the decision just endorsed that the court “may make such order as it thinks fit for giving relief in respect of the matters complained of” under an unfair prejudice petition. This could be a cautious approach not to restrict the ability of the court to may make such order as it thinks fit which would not be available if a test is introduced.
The most authoritative definition of consideration stems from Currie v Misa in which the judgement of Lord Justice Lush defines consideration as “some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other.” Consideration is therefore, in essence, the price for which a promise is bought. Normally, a promise cannot be contractually binding unless it is supported by some form of consideration and there are numerous rules surrounding it’s successful operation. These include: consideration must move from the promisee, consideration must not be past and consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate.
The issue in this case is whether there is a legally binding contract between Roland and Bernie. The thing that needs to be considered is whether there is an agreement between Roland and Bernie. If there is an offer and acceptance, then there is an agreement. According to Section 2(a) of the Contract Act 1950, an offer can be defined as when one person implies his/her willingness to another in order to acquire their consent. (Abdullah et al, 2011)
This case mentioned below is a fine example of understanding the Law of Contract in a better manner. (Gerald, 2014).