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Macroeconomics terms chapter 1
Strengths and weaknesses of rational choice theory
Strengths and weaknesses of rational choice theory
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Recommended: Macroeconomics terms chapter 1
Consumer Choice Theory is a division of macroeconomics. It relates preferences to the expenditures incurred on consumption and to the consumer demand curves. It makes the analysis of how consumers maximize their consumption as it is measured by their preferences subject to restrictions on their expenses. The latter can be achieved through maximizing utility dependent on a user budget constraint. Consumption is different from production.The law of demand is dependent on the price of the goods (Cartwright, 2014). As the price of goods raises the rate of consumption falls even when the rate even when the consumer is financially compensated for the effect of high pricing. The latter brings about the effect of substitution. In any case, there is no compensation on the price rise. As such, this results in a reduction in the overall power to purchase and thus a further reduction the amount of quantity demanded. This results in the income effect. Notably, as an individual 's wealth increases, demand for different products also increases thus a shift in the demand curve higher to all probable prices. Demand Curves …show more content…
As a matter of fact, the optimal decision taken should result to the optimal utility. Notably, the Convention economic principles presume that individuals normally make rational decisions in their day to day to day activities (Altman, 2012). As a matter of fact, rational behavior does not necessarily imply that an individual receives the highest financial benefit. This is simply because the level of satisfaction gained could be solely based on the emotions of the decision maker. On the contrary, for a decision to be termed as rational, it should eliminate virtually all the emotional components that are involved in the decision-making process and focus more on the facts on the ground concerning the decision being made (Ariely,
Sliwinski, D. (n.d.). Choice theory: A new look at how we behave. Retrieved from http://www.connermusic.org/band/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/choice.pdf
Rational choice theory, developed by Ronald Clarke and Derek Cornish in 1985, is a revival of Cesare Becca...
This article discusses the issue of negative externalities of consumption. A negative externality of consumption is an externality caused due to the consumption of a good or service, adversely affecting a third party.
Generally it is well known in economics that purchasers always want to maximize their utility levels. The maximum utility is given by the formulae of max U = f(C, C’) being subject to the equation of future consumption {[Y – C](1+r) + W = C’ – Y’} . This is an important part for our assumptions since a customer would have problem determining his/her maximum utility for present as well as future consumption when faced with a certain lifetime budget constraint. The budget line represents the levels of consumption for both periods according to some factors such as present and future income as well as the interest rate level and has a slope of –(1+r ). Before considering the effects of a change in the interest rates it is important to understand the first step of the consumption model. In the diagrams A and B below, we can understand that (I) the indifference curves, act on behalf of the equal levels of utility satisfaction derived from different mixtures of present and future consumption. That being said the point (W), which is identified a...
Rational choice theory asserts that economic agents perform market transactions with a predefined and complete set of preferences. Having limited information, budget and time to make a decision – consumers strive for the highest satisfaction, known as utility (Microeconomics). To buy at the same supplier again – previous satisfaction would prevail upon any other argument. Should the expectation have been met or exceeded – the search phase of a new decision process would be shortened, saving consumers valuable time and limiting cost, which in turn helps in maximising perceived value of the product. Hence, LPs would only be successful when designed to maximise customer-perceived value by either increasing the total offering’s benefit or cutting total consumer’s cost”.
The Condorcet paradox applies to a voting occurrence, under a democratic government, where the preferences of one person are considered complete, meaning that one has the ability to compare choices and place them in order of preference, and transitive but the collective result is intransitive. The reason for this contradiction is the fact that the preferences among people may differ. An example of the paradox may be evidenced if Voter A has the following preference: equal Pay for women> accepting Syrian refugees>securing the US-Mexico border. In contrast, Voter B’s preference is: securing the US–Mexico border>equal pay for women > accepting Syrian refugees. Lastly, Voter C’s preferences may be: accepting Syrian Refugees>equal Pay for women>securing
A preference theory is a philosophical theory that the fulfilment of preferences is the only thing that matters in contributing to well-being. Well-being can be seen as what people ultimately want to achieve; the “ultimate good”1. In terms of preference theory, for you to reach the state of well-being then you must have your preferences satisfied. Preference theories can be split into two distinct categories, actual preference theory and ideal preference theory2. Actual preference theory deals with preferences people actually have, regardless of misinformation or irrationality, while ideal preference theory is interested in what we would “hypothetically” prefer, if we were completely informed and rational3. In this essay, I will be arguing against the account of well-being that actual preference theory posits, and attempt to prove that it is incorrect by showing that the fulfilment of preferences does not always have consequences that are conducive to well-being, and therefore that actual preference theory's account of well-being is ultimately wrong
Introduction This paper presents a dynamic model on the consumer behaviour in the real world marketing issue. It will further discuss the marketing and industrial experiences encountered daily in everyday business life, in addition to the consumer behavioural issues and consumer analysis and recommendations. Research studies have argued that industries or companies experience lots of issues in awe of the logistics of their daily routine, giving them the knowledge that can be used to anticipate incoming situations with the way of tackling problems. However, with the familiarity and repeated external occurrences in the marketing scope of an industry, there are many implementations carried out in solving such problems without complexity.
Consumer Decision Process From buying a hamburger to buying a house people use a process in order to make a decision on what to buy. (book cite) describes this as the consumer decision process (pg.175). Utilizing a consumer decision process model, marketers are able to better understand how consumers are purchasing products and services. The five step consumer decision process model includes need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post purchase.
The market price of a good is determined by both the supply and demand for it. In the world today supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental principles that exists for economics and the backbone of a market economy. Supply is represented by how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain good that producers are willing to supply for a certain demand price. What determines this interconnection is how much of a good or service is supplied to the market or otherwise known as the supply relationship or supply schedule which is graphically represented by the supply curve. In demand the schedule is depicted graphically as the demand curve which represents the amount of goods that buyers are willing and able to purchase at various prices, assuming all other non-price factors remain the same. The demand curve is almost always represented as downwards-sloping, meaning that as price decreases, consumers will buy more of the good. Just as the supply curves reflect marginal cost curves, demand curves can be described as marginal utility curves. The main determinants of individual demand are the price of the good, level of income, personal tastes, the population, government policies, the price of substitute goods, and the price of complementary goods.
In addition to these prerequisites, the perfect market required perfect consumer and supplier information, no rent seeking behaviour and no moral hazard existed. If these conditions were not met, market mechanisms would fail to produce the efficient allocation of resources.
Consumer Decision Making Process A key factor in successfully marketing new/existing products or implementing a product Extension is a thorough understanding of the motivation, learning, memory, and decision Processes that influence consumers purchasing behavior. Consumer purchasing behavior theories have found their way into managerial decision making to help companies more effectively develop and launch new products, segment the market, determine market entrance and in brand management. Therefore, a better understanding of how consumers decide what to purchase is critical to the success of a product. There are numerous theories and models describing the consumer purchasing decision process.
Making important decision is one of the toughest things to do in life. Brendan Francis observed, "Some persons are very decisive when it comes to avoiding decisions." When you look at some successful people, you may wonder how they can come up with a right decision. What are their "secrets" in the decision-making process? After performing an intensive research on the decision making topic in both theoretical and practical aspects, we discovered that the secrets are very simple: Activeness, Balance, and Checking, or the "ABC" secrets for short. So, what exactly are "Activeness", "Balance", and "Checking" in the context of decision making topic?
2. Today marketers can collect and analyze data about consumer behavior, one person at a time; this is the relationship approach to marketing.
The term “direct marketing” excludes the "middle man" from promotion, as a company's message is provided directly to a potential customer. (Investopedia, 2010) Direct marketing is an advertising campaign that aims to gain an action (such as an order, a visit to a store or Web site, or a request for further information) from a group of consumers in response specific communication from a marketer. The communication may take many forms such as mail, telemarketing, direct e-mail marketing, and point-of-sale (POS) interactions. (searchcrm.techtarget.com, 2014).