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Philosophy of special needs education
Importance of constructivism theory to teachers
Philosophy of special needs education
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This article talks about how teachers use the constructivism theory in a special needs classroom and are able to engage students who might otherwise not be engaged. The author writes how teachers use constructivism in special needs classrooms effectively. Most of the examples within the article relate to children with special needs, although there were a few examples of use in a mainstream classroom. In the article it talks about the need for teachers to let the students initiate conversations within the classroom and also allow students more time to answer questions posed in class. The author explains how the conversation can flow uninterrupted by the teacher and the students gain ideas from other students while conversing. Teachers also encourage …show more content…
students to think about answers before speaking and gave them time to answer. Another point that was made in the article was how in constructivism classroom teachers encourage hands on activities. This was done in a special classroom where the students had trouble verbalizing their thoughts. The use of materials in order to make something substantial encouraged them to use their minds and hands to figure out the best way to make the project work. All of the ways mentioned in the article gave students a chance to actively participate in every aspect of their learning. The greatest strength I found in this article was how constructivism was used effectively in a special needs classroom setting and how the students responded to the classroom environment.
The weakness in the article would be that I would have like to have seen examples of how students with more severe learning problems could benefit from this theory.
The article was very effective in showing what a great benefit a constructivism classroom can be to students with learning disabilities. The appropriateness of using special classrooms to show effective constructivism teaching was a great way to showcase a different learning style. For students with learning disabilities it can be difficult to find a teacher strategy that works. This article shows how constructivism can be very effective for these students.
In both the textbook and article by Watson it talks about using constructivism in all subjects and allowing the students to be actively engaged in their learning. This is done in the article by examples of teachers allowing students to use their hands to create things and their voices to share their opinions with other students and create dialog amongst each other in the classroom. The textbook also talked about students being given the chance to be involved in their learning and being able to learn not just in the classroom but outside of it as well. Which was also stated in the
article. This article was fascinating and encouraging to me as a future teacher. To read about special needs classrooms and how constructivism was used and the response of the students was encouraging to see. I was encouraged to see the effect on students when they were given the chance to talk more and do more hands on activities. I believe after reading this article that the constructivism approach can be used effectively in both a mainstream or special needs classrooms as needed to facilitate learning more effectively.
Powell, K. Kalina, C. (2009). Cognitive and Social Constructivism: Developing Tools for an Effective Classroom. Education, 130(2), 241-250. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=1937522441&Fmt=7&clientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD. (Document ID: 1937522441).
My personal philosophy of special education drives not from teaching in the field, but from, observations, and personal experience, and the workshops I attended. I have had the opportunity to work with individuals with special needs in many different settings, all this help cultivate my knowledge in handling the needs of the special needed student. Special needs students have the ability to learn, to function, to grow, and most importantly to succeed. The difference comes into how they learn or how they need to be taught. There are as many beliefs about the "hows" as there are teachers and each of us forms our own philosophy through our experiences and research. As a student in a special education teachers’ program, learners with special needs includes all students in special education programs in the public school system or other appropriate settings. However, the students I would like to focus on in my career are students with learning disabilities and therefore when thinking about learners with special needs, my mind focuses on this population.
I implement hands-on learning with a majority of lessons that I present to the students. I expect the students to not be passive learners, but those who are responsible for learning. For example, I presented the students with the question: Why do leaves fall from trees? We went outside to examine the leaves on the ground. After examining the leaves, we had a group conversation about some reasons why the leaves might’ve fallen; together the class came to their conclusion. Likewise, the educational theory of constructivism centers on the student. My students play in a risk-free environment where they are able to be themselves. The classroom design welcomes children to explore in centers such as science, sensory play, and writing. There are a variety of materials and tools the children choose from and create or explore in the center of their choice. Similarly, Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) believed in the importance of play. Friedrich Frobel was a theorist who believed in the importance of play. Froebel stated, “Play is the highest expression of human development in childhood, for it alone is the free expression of what
I have been a Special Education Para-Educator for eleven years now. My decision to do this was based on the needs of my family and kids. When my last child was born, the doctors did not think that he would make it. He had a heart malfunction and was born with RSV and Von Villibrantds disease (which I did not find out until he was three); those factors lead me to want to work with special education kids, knowing that I could make a difference.
Powell, K. C., & Kalina, C. J. (2009). Cognitive and social constructivism: Developing tools for an iEffective classroom. Education, 130(2), 241-250. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Inclusion of all students in classrooms has been an ongoing issue for the past twenty-five years (Noll, 2013). The controversy is should special education students be placed in an inclusion setting or should they be placed in a special education classroom? If the answer is yes to all special education students being placed in inclusion, then how should the inclusion model look? Every students is to receive a free an appropriate education. According to the Individual Education Act (IDEA), all students should be placed in the Least Restrictive Learning Environment (Noll, 2013).
Constructivists believe that learning progresses primarily from prior knowledge, and only secondarily from the materials we present to students (Alber, 2011). Alber (2011) added that launching the learning in your classroom from the prior knowledge of your students is a tenet of good teaching.
Pro: By using a constructivist approach to teaching, students will be “fully engaged in their own learning” (Rhinehart Neas). This allows the students to make sense of what they are doing by relating it to the real world and where they could use the information in their future.
Among many teaching styles and learning theories, there is one that is becoming more popular, the constructivist theory. The constructivist theory focuses on the way a person learns, a constructivist believes that the person will learn better when he/she is actively engaged. The person acts or views objects and events in their environment, in the process, this person then understands and learns from the object or events(P. Johnson, 2004). When we encounter a certain experience in our life, we think back to other things that have occurred in our life and use that to tackle this experience. In a lot of cases, we are creators of our own knowledge. In a classroom, the constructivist theory encourages more hands-on assignments or real-world situations, such as, experiments in science and math real-world problem solving. A constructivist teacher constantly checks up on the student, asking them to reflect what they are learning from this activity. The teacher should be keeping track on how they approached similar situations and help them build on that. The students can actually learning how to learn in a well-planned classroom. Many people look at this learning style as a spiral, the student is constantly learning from each new experience and their ideas become more complex and develop stronger abilities to integrate this information(P. Johnson, 2004). An example of a constructivist classroom would be, the student is in science class and everyone is asking questions, although the teacher knows the answer, instead of just giving it to them, she attempts to get the students to think through their knowledge and try to come up with a logical answer. A problem with this method of learning is that people believe that it is excusing the role of...
Working with special education students, the learning styles in my classroom are extremely diverse. It is essential to take all the different learning styles in my classroom and utilize them in my lessons, in order for my students to be successful. Throughout a school day, I think it is important to have students use all their different intelligences, to make learning meaningful to every student. Piaget’s theory of constructivism states that humans create knowledge from their interactions between their experiences and ideas, and I relate strongly to this. Along with constructivism, the theory of discovery learning, from Piaget, Bruner, and Papert, is a theory I utilize in my teaching. For students with special needs, discovery learning provides an adequate learning environment in the general education setting. I believe that when students discover and create knowledge for themselves, it makes the learning so much more meaningful. To differentiate my teaching, I find the learning style that will ensure my students are most successful and incorporate them into my lessons. I give my students access to the information in more than one way, for example, if we are doing a lesson that is very verbal and interpersonal, I will also provide the information in a video for my students who are more visual learners. I also use different ways of grouping in my teaching. Depending on the lesson, I give students opportunities to work individually, pairs, small groups, and as a full class to cater to different student’s needs. My style of teaching focuses greatly on taking my students background and personality and relating the learning to
The students with disabilities can even do projects with project based learning. While researching I came across a girl that would not talk in class. When her teacher partnered her up with other students, she became very talkative. She would not communicate with other students and refused to work in groups. She would always choose to work alone. With PBL she learned to work with other people and she opened up and communicated with other students. With PBL all students can participate. Students will be much more comfortable because they are not getting taught by teachers and they get to answer questions from their everyday life. The students get to be creative and outgoing with their projects. Projects students create can be anything and everything. They can create a community garden, a habitat for animals, and they can plan a dinner for classmates or their teachers. “PBL is not just a way of learning; it 's a way of working together. If students learn to take responsibility for their own learning, they will form the basis for the way they will work with others in their adult lives” (Why is project based learning important?, 2007). Students are not learning they are preparing for the world around them. They are learning to consider more than just themselves in school. They are thinking about how to make their world
Education is a profession which requires a teacher to be able to communicate with a multitude of students on a variety of levels. There is not a class, or student for that matter, that is identical. Therefore, teachers must be able to identify and help educate students from all different types of backgrounds and at different levels. Teaching a singular subject presents difficulties, but teaching students with disabilities should not be one. There are three main teaching areas that need to be focused on when teaching a student with a learning disability. Teachers need to focus on the strategies that will assist students with reading comprehension skills, writing skills, and maintaining appropriate behaviors in a classroom setting.
...ills. The work of the teacher is to find ways or approaches that will motivate learners to construct their knowledge based on prior knowledge, experience and their view of the real world. This theory rests on the assumption that knowledge is constructed by learners as they attempt to make sense of their own experiences (Driscoll, 1994). The theory suggests that pupils, not the teacher, are the center and controller of learning. Instead of acquiring knowledge from the teacher, the pupil has multiple sources of information in the process of constructing knowledge (teacher, students, library, Internet, textbooks, etc.). From the perspective of constructivist theory, the use of technology in learning becomes more essential to fulfilling the demands of a constructivist approach. The pupil is able to use technology for searching, analyzing, and creating their knowledge.
Special education is an incredibly important, but often underappreciated aspect of education. There is a stigma around individuals with disabilities, that leads people to assume those in special education are less capable or smart as their peers in in a strictly traditional classroom setting. That could not be farther from the truth though, and the individuals in special education are just as capable of learning and maturing in to successful adults. As a future teacher, I was not really aware of how little I knew about special education until I enrolled in this course. This course has helped change and shape my views of special education, and helped me gain a better understanding of what exceptional children are and how I can better serve them