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The legal system justice
The supreme court and the role flashcards
The legal system justice
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On account of the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court decided that they lacked the ability to mandate President Jefferson to distribute the commissions that he had told Secretary of State James Madison to not distribute to the "midnight judges". The Supreme Court has the ability to issue writs of mandamus due to the Judiciary Act of 1789; however, in article III of the Constitution this is not permitted. By settling on this choice, the Supreme Court first showed its capability of judicial review. Some would debate that the power of judicial review gives the judicial branch too much power above the other branches, while others debate this power is important to keep the government stable and functioning. The Supreme Court should have …show more content…
The supreme law of the land, the United States, is the Constitution; all laws are meant to adhere to the supreme law of the land. Hamilton said that all laws should be based on the constitution, and if any laws go against the constitution then they must “give place to the Constitution” (Document E). In the history of the United States there have been laws passed that do not comply with the Constitution. Based on the fact that the Constitution is stated to be the “Supreme Law of the Land” (Document G) in the Constitution, any law that does not agree with it should be overruled. The legislative branch has created laws that are unconstitutional before; however, the Supreme Court has always declared these laws unconstitutional and, therefore, void. If not for the power of judicial review these laws would never have been made void; these laws would have been kept and would have stripped many constitutional rights from the people of the United States. The Supreme Court should have the power to overrule unconstitutional laws because if not for this power many constitutional rights would no longer
There was a short time where all was calm right after the civil war. king charles the second and his father were both dead so Charles brother took over. this is king James the secondf and he was a Catholic sao he appointed many high positions in the government. Most of his sibjects were protestant and did not like the idea of Catholicism being the religion theyd have to abide by. like his father and brother king james the second ignored the peoples wishes and ruled without Parliament and relied on royal power. an English Protestant leader wanted to take the power away from james and give it to his daughter Mary and Her husband William from the Netherlands. William saled out to the south of england with his troops but sent them away soon after they landed
Federalist #78, written by Alexander Hamilton, is an essay to argue for the proposed federal courts, their powers, and means of appointing judges. In the essay, Hamilton claims that the judiciary will be the “least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution.” He says it will be the least , dangerous because the branch will be the least in abundant use. This implies that the other two branches will be used more. The executive branch not only “dispenses the honors”, but also enforce the laws over the entire country. The legislative branch holds the budget for the country and creates the laws in which the citizens must abide by. The judiciary, he says, will have no power over the executive and legislative branches. He also writes that it cannot move forward the society in wealth and in strength, and cannot resolve any active problems that the country is facing in any circumstances. According to Hamilton, the judiciary could be said to have “neither force nor will, but merely judgment,” and that it must depend on the executive branch, even to make their judgments more effectiv...
In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the Judicial Branch is the “least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution" and that it is “beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power” since it has “neither force nor will, but merely judgment.” [*] While it is true that Hamilton wrote the Federalist Papers as propaganda to garner support for the Constitution by convincing New Yorkers that it would not take away their rights and liberties, it is also true that Article III of the Constitution was deliberately vague about the powers of the Judicial Branch to allow future generations to decide what exactly those powers should be. In the 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, established the Court’s power of judicial review. However, as Jill Lepore, Harvard professor of American History, argued, “This was such an astonishing thing to do that the Court didn’t declare another federal law unconstitutional for fifty-four years” after declaring the Judicial Act of 1789 unconstitutional in Marbury v. Madison. [*Jill Lepore] Alexander Hamilton was incorrect in his assertion that the Judicial Branch is the least dangerous to political rights and the weakest of the three government branches because judicial review has made the Supreme Court more powerful than he had anticipated. From 1803 to today, the controversial practice of judicial activism in the Supreme Court has grown—as exemplified by the differing decisions in Minor v. Happersett and United States v. Virginia—which, in effect, has increased the power of the Supreme Court to boundaries beyond those that Alexander Hamilton stated in Federalist 78.
After the American Revolution, America had earned it’s freedom from Britain. In order to govern this new country the Articles of Confederation was created. This document was flawed by the colonists fear of putting too much power into a central government. Knowing the document needed to be fixed a constitutional convention was called. The document created at this convention has been our constitution ever since. But even the Constitution was meet with criticism. One major concern when writing the constitution was how to protect the citizens rights. The Constitution did this through the preamble, the legislative process, the limit of presidential terms, the judicial branch, and the bill of rights.
The Articles of Confederation was America’s first constitution. The Articles of Confederation failed to create a strong central government, however. With the demise of the states in sight, the need for a stronger and more structured central government became apparent. An invitation was sent to all thirteen states in February 1787 by the Confederation Congress to resolve the matter. The events that took place over the next several months would create the United States Constitution. Going down in history as a revolutionary form of government, the U.S. Constitution would give life to a country that is still running strong over 200 years later.
Madison, declared the power of the courts to interpret the Constitution and affirmed the power of judicial review. The power of judicial review averted the judiciary branch of the inherent weakness and lack of equality in power among the three branches of government. The independence of the Supreme Court is paramount in protecting the civil liberties granted to citizens. The judicial power afforded by means of the doctrine of judicial review is not superior or above the other two branches of government. The Supreme Court’s duty is to nullify legislative acts contrary to the Constitution. Hamilton expounds the power of the courts in the Federalist Papers No. 78, “it only supposes that the power of the people is superior to both”, and judges should regulate their decisions by the fundamental laws, (Hamilton, 2008). The Supreme Court’s duty is to nullify legislative acts contrary to the
The constitution was a document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the U.S is governed. The constitution states basic rights for its citizens. Delegates signed the constitution on September 17, 1787. There is a total of 27 constitutional amendments. The reasoning for writing it was for a stronger federal government - legislative, executive and judicial. The constitution was a break with a past of ‘unfair’ taxes, wars and ‘unfair’ treatment.
By giving the courts the power to overrule laws that are unconstitutional and allowing them to exercise Judicial Review, they are better equipped at protecting the civil liberties and human rights of society as a whole. Different political parties often have different interpretations of what laws should be in effect, but these laws do not always serve society as holistically as needed. In Federalist 78, Hamilton explains this by stating, “The interpretation of the laws is the proper and peculiar province of the courts. A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning, as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body” (The Federalist No. 78). While the Judicial branch of government may not be the most powerful, it is a very important component of our government that regulates the way that society functions and even how our needs are met. Without, we would be at risk of tyranny and societal destruction from government
The case of Marbury v. Madison serves as a profound example of the Supreme Court’s duty of Judicial Review. The writer of “The Case of the Missing Commissions” who describes the case states that around 1803, the Supreme Court had “none of the prestige and little of the accepted authority it now possesses.” The fact that the Judicial branch was deemed inferior to the other two sparked the ambition that Chief Justice, John Marshall, required to gain some supremacy for the Supreme Court. It’s also noted that John Marshall, a Federalist, despised the newly elected President, Thomas Jefferson, who stood against his political views as a Democratic-Republican. Marshall’s fight for power was also intended to “condemn the action[s] of the Executive”
Identify at least three (3) ways that the United States changed since 1877. This change could be a shift from one political party/ideology to another, or it could be an economic, social, or cultural change. Reflect upon each change to show how the country is now different than it was in 1877.
I believe that gold, God, and glory were all prominent reasons for Europeans coming to the New World. I think that different countries each had different expectations of what they could achieve from colonizing in the Americas. Glory, however; impacted all of the countries that came to the New World. Spain took lead in the exploration of the Americas, the Spanish empire spread from Europe to the Americas and Asia (pg.24). Spanish explorer Cortez conquered the Aztec City (pg. 23) and Pizarro conquered the Inca kingdom which caused a multitude of riches to be able to go over to Spain. Which, of course, made Spain seem glorious. When the French and Dutch noticed the way Spain was expanding and gaining wealth, they hoped to do the same. Neither the French or the Dutch wanted land, nonetheless, they had a desire to take part in trade. The trade would not only enhance the wealth of
The Constitutional Convention to this day is considered one of the most momentous events in United States Constitutional History. Dubbed the one hundred day debate, the convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The original goal was to revise the existing form of government- the Articles of Confederation- however, many delegates had a different approach to fixing the nation as a whole. Because of federalist delegates such as Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, on September 17, 1787, the convention had formed and adopted a completely new form of government, currently known and in use today as the Constitution of the United States of America.
The Constitutional Convention took place on May 25 to September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.George Washington presided over the convention. The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to decide the way that America were going to be governed. The Convention was officially called to revise the existing Articles of Confederation. The Constitutional Convention acknowledged the complications of the frail central government that prevailed under the Articles of Confederation.
In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton said that the Judiciary branch of the proposed government would be the weakest of the three branches because it had "no influence over either the sword or the purse, ...It may truly be said to have neither FORCE nor WILL, but merely judgment." One need to understand that during the time, Hamilton wanted a branch of governance which would act as a protection against abuse of power by Congress. He further discusses the power of judicial review
The American federal court system is found under Article III of the Constitution, which explains the founding of a Supreme Court as well as allowing the Congress to generate other federal courts. As we are all aware, before the ratification of the Constitution, our great country had been administered by the Articles of Confederation. During that time, the judiciary power did not exist, which arose concern towards the Articles. Secretary of State (later president), James Madison and one of the Founding Fathers Alexander Hamilton, both grew concern and decided to act. “the delegates gathered at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 expressed widespread agreement that a national judiciary should be established” (Carp, Stidham,