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Importance of westernization
Importance of westernization
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An analysis of Crime and Punishment written in mid-19th century Russia by Fyodor Dostoyevsky reveals a parallel between the story and the historical period in the which the book written. The setting, plot, and characters reflect back upon the period of major reformation happening in Russia by using accurate situations and ideas from that era. 1855 is a major point in Russia’s long history. After the death of his father, Alexander II became the next tsar. He introduced new reforms which changed the structure of Russia. [Insert more shit here] Crime and Punishment predominantly takes place in the capital city of Russia, St. Petersburg. In the book, St. Petersburg is described as a dirty and grimy place to live: “The heat in the street …show more content…
One of which was the judicial reforms of 1964 that changed the Russian judicial system into one that was “independent, modern, and westernized system as liberal as that of any nation.” (Conlon 7). Through Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky is criticizing the new judicial system. Martinsen and Maiorova argue that Dostoevsky is asking the question “How were Russians from all walks of life to preserve their moral bearings and spiritual roots in a world in flux hurtling towards modernity?” (3). This question is showing that Dostoevsky believes that traditions are hard to uphold in a world that is industrializing and westernizing. These traditions are ones morals and conscience. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov is getting punished mentally and physically for his crimes against the pawnbroker and her sister throughout the whole of the book. However, judicial intervention isn’t effective. Porfiry has enough “evidence” to convict Raskolnikov of the two murders, yet he doesn’t. Instead, Raskolnikov confesses to the crime at the end of the book only due to the fact that Sonia urged him to. Without Sonia, Raskolnikov would have never confessed. Without Sonia, Raskolnikov would have never recovered from his problems. Without Sonia, Raskolnikov would not have been the person he is at the end of the book. Without a doubt, Sonia was an important influence on Raskolnikov, even though she is a prostitute. As a prostitute, she sacrificed herself to help support her family. That is an act of strength. In 1860 West Europe and Russia, a feminist movement arises. Reflected upon in Dostoevsky’s work are female characters being practical and standing up for themselves. Raskolnikov’s sister, Dounia, sacrifices herself for her brother and decides to marry Luzhin: “Marriage was crucial to most women’s lives…peasants had high marriage rates” (Hutton 13). There is documentation in this time frame that peasants
Often times in literature, we are presented with quintessential characters that are all placed into the conventional categories of either good or bad. In these pieces, we are usually able to differentiate the characters and discover their true intentions from reading only a few chapters. However, in some remarkable pieces of work, authors create characters that are so realistic and so complex that we are unable to distinguish them as purely good or evil. In the novel Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky develops the morally ambiguous characters of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov to provide us with an interesting read and to give us a chance to evaluate each character.
It was both this interesting plot and the philosophical nature of Dostoyevsky's writing, which initially attracted me to this book. It also features many themes and characters, as well as an effective setting. As a result, I will examine the literary techniques used in "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky to convey the downfall and subsequent rise of the main character, Raskolnikov. I will begin by looking at how the setting formed Raskolnikov's character, and then discuss the structure and other characters of the novel. The setting plays a primary role in forming Raskolnikov's character.
In Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky gives the reader an inside look to the value system that he holds for himself, as well as the type of characteristics that he abhors in people as well as the characteristics that he admires in people. He uses characters in the novel to express his beliefs of what a person should be like in life to be a “good'; person. Specifically he uses Raskolnokv to show both good and bad characteristics that he likes in people. Also he uses Svidriglaiov and Luzin to demonstrate the characteristics that people should shun and his personal dislikes in people.
In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, Raskalnikov undergoes a period of extreme psychological upheaval. By comparing this death and rebirth of Raskalnikov's psyche to the story of the resurrection of Lazarus, Dostoevsky emphasizes not only the gravity of his crimes, but also the importance of acceptance of guilt.
The character’s suffering is thrown in the readers face right from the beginning. Raskolnikov’s suffering has two apparent layers, “he was crushed by poverty, but the anxieties of his position had of late ceased to weigh upon him” (1). It seems that the suffering caused from his current state of mind is so great that he does not even feel the suffering caused by his poverty. Throughout Crime and Punishment Raskolnikov’s main point of suffering is caused by his inability to let others know of the crime he has committed and as a result he alienates himself from those who show him compassion (156). As the novel progresses he decides to tell Sonia because expressing his crimes would alleviate some of the suffering, however, her morals encompass the idea that it is inconceivable to “go on living” without suffering and “expiation” (416). At this confession, the reader is presented with a righteous character (probably the most) that does not judge Raskolnikov for what he has done but instead sympathizes and tells him that turning himself in and bearing the consequences will relieve him of the suffering caused mentally.
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment begins with Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov living in poverty and isolation in St. Petersburg. The reader soon learns that he was, until somewhat recently, a successful student at the local university. His character at that point was not uncommon. However, the environment of the grim and individualistic city eventually encourages Raskolnikov’s undeveloped detachment and sense of superiority to its current state of desperation. This state is worsening when Raskolnikov visits an old pawnbroker to sell a watch. During the visit, the reader slowly realizes that Raskolnikov plans to murder the woman with his superiority as a justification. After the Raskolnikov commits the murder, the novel deeply explores his psychology, yet it also touches on countless other topics including nihilism, the idea of a “superman,” and the value of human life. In this way, the greatness of Crime and Punishment comes not just from its examination of the main topic of the psychology of isolation and murder, but the variety topics which naturally arise in the discussion.
In his novel Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky uses Raskolnikov as a vessel for several different philosophies that were particularly prominent at the time in order to obliquely express his opinions concerning those schools of thought. Raskolnikov begins his journey in Crime and Punishment with a nihilistic worldview and eventually transitions to a more optimistic one strongly resembling Christian existentialism, the philosophy Dostoevsky preferred, although it could be argued that it is not a complete conversion. Nonetheless, by the end of his journey Raskolnikov has undergone a fundamental shift in character. This transformation is due in large part to the influence other characters have on him, particularly Sonia. Raskolnikov’s relationship with Sonia plays a significant role in furthering his character development and shaping the philosophical themes of the novel.
Raskolnikov, in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment, is a complex character difficult to understand. He believes himself superior to the rest of humanity, and therefore he believes he has the right to commit murder. After he kills Alena Ivanovna, an old pawnbroker, Raskolnikov discovers his supposed superiority has cut him off from other people. He exists in a self-created alienation from the world around him. Raskolnikov mearly drifts through life, unable to participate in it anymore. It is only through Sonya that Raskolnikov is able to gradually regain his connection to humanity; she helps him to understand that, although he cannot be superior to others, she loves him regardless. Although he finds it difficult to reject his theory that certain individuals may commit acts not permitted ordinary people, Raskolnikov does accept that he is not such an individual, that he is ordinary. Through this realization and Sonya's love for him he finds the strength to confess to his crime and accept responsibility for it; this allows him to slowly began to rejoin the world around him.
In the philosophies of punishment, we have retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, isolation, incapacitation, reintegration, restitution, and restoration. I’ll define these philosophies of punishment.
Within the tortured mind of a young Russian university student, an epic battle rages between two opposite ideologies - the conservative Christianity characteristic of the time, and a new modernist humanism gaining prevalence in academia. Fyodor Dostoevsky in the novel Crime and Punishment uses this conflict to illustrate why the coldly rational thought that is the ideal of humanism represses our essential emotions and robs us of all that is human. He uses the changes in Raskolnikov's mental state to provide a human example of modernism's effect on man, placing emphasis upon the student's quest for forgiveness and the effect of repressed emotion. The moral side of Raskolnikov's mind requires absolution in a Christian manner. This need obliviates his claim to be a Nietzschean superman, and illustrates that all humans have a desire for morality.
Society has many different views on crime and punishment. During earlier times, the crime fit the punishment meaning an “eye for an eye” approach. If a thief was caught, their hands would be cut off. If a man killed another man, they would be killed as well. They did not have a chance to tell their side of the story, if people thought they were guilty, they were. Much has changed in the way we handle crime in the world today. In today’s world, when a person commits a crime they have rights to a fair trial and have the luxury of the Fifth Amendment. Now when a killer kills someone they get to tell their side of the story and have to be proven guilty. However, it does not matter where you go, if there are people then there will always be crime.
Throughout the novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, duality of man is continually present. Many of the characters demonstrate this characteristic including Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov. Dostoyevsky gives us a first person account of one of the most serious crimes that is murder, while constantly reminding us that everyone has two sides to their personality. This is evident when Raskolnikov murders the pawnbroker, in the end of the book when Raskolnikov turns himself in, and the way that Svidrigailov acts throughout the book. This duality helps to explain the actions carried out by many of the characters in the novel.
Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment, is set in Tsarist Russia in the 19th century. Rodya Raskolnikov, the main character, is a student at a University in St. Petersburg. By the early stages of the novel, he has dropped out of school and is left in his one room shanty, to ponder his own philosophical questions. He is poor, hungry and desperate for money. He begins to sell some of his possessions to a pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, to gain money for his basic survival. He begins to see the poverty and desperation of St. Petersburg at this time. Rodya would begin to look at Alyona as a source of this problem. Alyona, in Rodya’s eyes, was profiting off of the poverty and misery of others by buying off their possession at unreasonably low prices. She would then horde the money for herself while the people outside of her own apartment starved to death. Raskolnikov decides to murder the pawnbroker for the sake of humanity. His plan is not deeply thought out in advance and i...
Suffering is inevitable to life. Since the beginning of time, humans have tried to find ways to cope with suffering. Being born in nineteenth century Russia, Fyodor Dostoevsky put up with more suffering than we could even imagine today. Poverty and social upheaval were a daily challenge for people at this time. Determined to let the suffering be known, Dostoevsky adds it to his novel Crime and Punishment. In the beginning, we are introduced to Raskolnikov, a college dropout who is poverty stricken. He gets to the point where he murders an elderly pawnbroker because he thought that it would benefit him financially and all humanity. Throughout the novel, Raskolnikov is fighting an “internal” battle and struggles with his emotions. Through the characters Raskolnikov encounters, Dostoevsky shows us many types of people and how they deal with their daily suffering. All these characters together mirror Dostoevsky’s view on the necessity of suffering and how embracing the suffering ultimately allows a person to redeem themselves.
According to Raskolnikov’s theory in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”,there are two types of people that coexist in the world; the “Extraordinary” and the “Ordinary”. The ordinary men can be defined as “Men that have to live in submission, have no right to transgress the law, because they are ordinary.”(248). To the contrary “extraordinary” men are “Men that have a right to commit any crime and to transgress the law in any way , just because they are extraordinary”(248). Dostoevsky’s theory is evident through the characters of his novel. The main character, Raskolnikov, uses his theory of extraordinary men to justify contemplated murder. There is a sense of empowerment his character experiences with the ability to step over social boundaries. He is led to believe the killing of the pawnbroker is done for the perseverance of the greater good. It is ironic that character who is shown to be powerful in the early stages of the novel subsequently go on to show many weaknesses.