Summary The age of the internet has thrown some real challenges to Computer Misuse Act 1990. As per the Government changes to this part of legislation, to address the main two challenges a) the increased number of “Denial of Service” attacks b) the creation and dissemination of number of hackers and the tools used by them. The Computer Misuse Act 1990 (CMA) underwent minor changes a) The crime of un-authorized access to the material on the computer is now an offence that is liable to a judicial trial b) the offence of unauthorized material modification on the computer is now replaced by offence of unauthorized acts with intent to harm the operation of the device. Hacking has been a huge problem almost for the time Internet has been in existence. Most people just love to try and break into any computer system. Before 1990, there was no law to address the problems that are caused by hacking. Though everyone knew that it is against the law, nothing that anyone could do about it. As the issue grew, it has become evident that specific legislation was needed to prosecute the hackers under the law. Hacking seen morally as the breach of privacy. The act came into force on 29th August 1990 …show more content…
The relatively very little number of prosecutions under the Computer Misuse Act 1990 convey testament to this. However, the Government has chosen to make changes to this legislation, to address some of its conscious weaknesses and to meet international commitments on the cybercrime. A combination of few short-sighted, or the simply stubborn and some forceful government change to the legal law during the Bill's passage through the Parliament has produced certain provisions which encourage the controversy, and could sometimes prove the difficult to interpret or to enforce, and may lead to the claims of legislative
Cybercrimes and Cyber Protection in Canada Whenever a new technological advancements are made, laws and agencies must be implemented and amendments must be crafted to protect its users. As personal computers became available to Canada’s population, information became more accessible than ever before, and personal information such as a person’s address was easier to obtain. The computer and new technological advancements led to a new branch of criminality; cybercrimes. Cybercrimes are computer-related crimes defined by the Council of Europe (2001) as offences against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and systems as well as computer-related and content-related offences.
Lately,there are many examples about how Computer Misuse Act preventing crime and facilitating a prosecution. Lewis Stephen Martin,21 years old, launched DOS attacks on the websites of Kent Police and universities of Oxford and Cambridge between 29 January and 2 February 2012. The police website and Cambridge University was offline more than an hour and Oxford University was offline aproximately 30 minuts. Giulty plea of unauthorised modification,unautorised access and obtained information without autorization. Sentenced to two years of imprisonment ( Computer Misuse Act 1990, s 1 : Unauthorised accesss, s 3 : Unauthorised modification; s 3A : Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in offence under section 1 or 3 ).
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
It has been almost fifty years since the first case of computer crime was prosecuted. Since then computers have made themselves at home in the everyday lives of Americans. There have been numerous new laws created to fight against the criminals using computers to cause damage to individuals, businesses and the United States. These laws are in constant need of updates and changes because of how fast computers are evolving. In this era almost everyone carries a computer around with them, either a laptop, tablet or smartphone. Although existing laws are sufficient there will always be the need for new laws to keep up with the technological changes that occur every day. Every time a criminal commits a new crime this opens the door for a new law to be needed.
Computer hackers in today's world are becoming more intelligent. They are realizing that people are constantly developing more hack-proof systems. This presents the hackers with a bigger challenge and a bigger thrill. The government is realizing this and is working on making harsher laws to, hopefully, scare the potential hackers. With the increase in hacking and hacker intelligence, governmental regulation of cyberspace hasn't abolished the fact that it's nearly impossible to bring a hacker to justice.
Hacking was a term established in the 1960s. This word is the concept of unauthorised intrusion of a computer or network with malicious intentions behind them. This includes any technical effort of manipulating or damaging the normal behaviour of network connections/systems or stealing information. In this generation, hacking has become evidently significant and the debate of hacking being considered ethical or unethical arises. Therefore, will hacking ever be justified? The justification (reasonableness) of hacking has become a disputation of mixed opinions and emotions amongst society. These opinions range from hacking being considered immoral due to it being illegal activity and the vast negative impact it has on people. This includes the affirmative opinions on hacking; such as hacking being considered ethical due to the “white hat” hackers.
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
This paper presents a legal ethical and social analysis of Nigeria’s proposal to enforce a death sentence on people who hack into the Critical National Information Infrastructure or computer networks and cause the loss of life (Cybercrime Bill , 2013). The bill submitted to the National Assembly by the President of Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan is currently under review to be enacted into law by the Senate. The legislation aims to protect the countries national infrastructure from cybercrime by criminalizing various cyber activities. (Goitom, 2014)
“In India, we went straight from no telephones to the latest in mobile technology. Andthe same with internet-connected computers. They came in all of a sudden and no onewas taught even the basic facts about cyber security,...
We all know technology is changing everyday. As laptops are becoming more popular in today 's society, especially in a college classroom setting, professors have noticed more and more students with their faces engaged on the computer screen and not the lecture. There have been recent studies that show in classroom use of laptops can affect students and their learning. Should the use of laptops be banned in the classroom?
These types of crimes have become a matter of importance for the consumers as well the business firms because it involves large eviction of the amount in terms of money. In these types of crimes, computer and Internet are the primary factor (Spinello, 2000). A high percentage of population is using computers in the Australia, United States as well as other developed nations. These people are much more connected with the world by the use of internet. They are using the computer for fun, business, e-commerce, e-marketing, etc.; thus, it has become an essential part of life and daily routine (Wall, 2008).
Cybercrime is a global issue plaguing the world. The dictionary defines cybercrime as “crime conducted via the Internet or some other computer network”(Merriam-Webster). The definition remains very broad because the word “cyber” is defined as “relating to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.” Due to the growing number of people gaining access to the internet, rapid development of technology, and the globalization of the world, more of the world population is becoming susceptible to involvement in cybercrime – whether it be as a victim or a criminal. Cybercrime involves different levels of the world on both the victim and criminal side, from an individual citizen, to small groups, businesses, and the government, to the countries of the world.
Computer crime or Cyber Crime is defined as any type of crime that involves or regards a computer or computer network. Cyber Crime mainly means that the computer may be used as a tool in the commission of the crime or the computer may be the main target of the criminal’s crime. The rapid growth of technology and gadgets as well as the further de...
...t is not possible to eliminate cybercrime from the cyber space. It is quite possible to check them. History is the witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective duty towards the society) and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime. Undoubtedly the Act is a historical step in the cyber world. Further I all together do not deny that there is a need to bring changes in the Information Technology Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime. I would conclude with a word of caution for the pro-legislation school that it should be kept in mind that the provisions of the cyber law are not made so stringent that it may retard the growth of the industry and prove to be counter-productive.
In today’s society technology is used for everything. With the invention of computers and the internet this open doors to the cyber world. Today you can do almost anything without having to leave your home. The internet gives us the opportunity of shopping online, ordering food online, working from home and video chatting with friends and family across the world. Everyone has a computer and internet access in their homes. While the internet is really convenient it also opens doors for cybercrimes, loss of privacy and the need for computer security.