To compare the effectiveness of multiple conditions to improve the target behavior. A typical alternating treatment design has conditions.
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Internal validity
External validity
Social validity
Multiple baseline design takes three basic forms to change target behaviors. The multiple baseline across behaviors design, consisting of two or more different behaviors of the same subject
The multiple baseline across settings design, consisting of the same behavior of the same subject in two or more settings, situations or time periods.
The multiple baseline across subjects design, consisting of the same behavior of two or more different participants
One of the most important advantages of the multiple baseline designs is that it does not require the withdrawal of an effective treatment (Cooper, 2007). When working with extreme target behaviors such as self-injurious behaviors the withdrawal of an effective means of treatment can be crucial to the ethical care of the subject. An added benefit of the multiple baseline design is when working in the school setting. Teachers often have a classroom of children in which they are entrusted with to oversee. The multiple baseline design is ideal to use for multiple behaviors, in a variety of settings or subjects. The evaluation of the subjects progression while maintaining the students' needs in the classroom can be met while intervention is taking place. The intervention can be put into place by the treatment team and the teacher or parent who may or may not be formally trained in multiple baseline design can carry out the treatment with ease.
Drawbacks of the multiple baseline design are that it does not allow for a strong experimental control. This should however be ...
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McDougall, D. (2006). The Distributed Criterion Design. Journal of Behavioral Education, 15(4), 236-246. doi:10.1007/s10864-006-9030-x
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Smith, J.D. (2012). Single-case experimental designs: A systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological Methods, 17(4), 510-550. Doi:10. 1037la0029312
In the analytic dimension we are responsible for achieving control over a behavior. As said in the article it is the ability to turn the behavior on or off, or up and down, at will. The two techniques used to demonstrate consistent control are the “reversal” technique, and the “multiple baseline” technique. The reversal technique is when the experimenter applies a certain...
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
A multiple-baseline design differs from a reversal design by attempting to control for confounds through the introduction of treatment at differing time intervals to a few different people, to the same person in different situations, or to the same person across different behaviors. Reversal designs attempt to control for confounds by reversing the baseline and treatment conditions one or more times to assess the impact on behavior (Jackson, 2012).
Social workers can use a single-subject design with a client to evaluate whether or not a certain intervention is achieving the desired outcome. The first step when utilizing a single subject design in clinical practice is to obtain the client’s baseline. A baseline is a control phase or the measurement of the client’s mental status or behavior before the intervention (cite textbook). One common single-subject design model is the ABA. This model includes one baseline phase (A), one intervention phase (B) and another baseline phase (B). The purpose of this design in social work practice is to help the social worker determine the effectiveness of the intervention on the
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Smith, J.D. (2012). Single-case experimental designs: A systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological Methods, 17(4), 510-550. Doi:10. 1037la0029312
Longitudinal design validity is also dependent upon using set time intervals that make sense with the research being performed. This study does not say explicitly express how intervals for MI instruction were chosen. Furthermore, the study does not explain why or how intervals for pre and post assessments were decided. This is important because past research may have told how long it takes for MI to be successful and at what intervals it needs to be performed in order to yield the best outcomes for participants. This data may have changed the length of the study or the time intervals and potentially changed results.
According to Cooper & Heron & Heard 92007), the multiple baseline design is the mostly used by behavior analysts and researchers because it allows for the independent variable to be contrived across different settings, subjects, and behaviors, without having to implement a withdrawal procedure that can be detrimental to the client (p.201). Hence this research design allows for the behavior analysts to determine how behaviors may different from client to client (groups or several individuals, setting to setting (i.e. school vs. home), and behaviors (i.e. same behaviors in a group or individuals). To better understand the difference in the multiple baseline design all three of the designs must be examined.
Advantages associated with quantitative descriptive design prompted choosing the design. One advantages of the quantitative descriptive design is accommodation of large amounts of data. For this study, feedback from the students is needed in order to guide decision making and
The “[r]esearch designs are types of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research design” (Creswell, 2014, p. 12). Following Bryman (2012, p. 45), the literature differentiates between the five research designs: experimental, cross-sectional, longitudinal, case study, and comparative.
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The research has been published in such major scientific journals as Science, the American Journal of Physiology, Scientific American, Lancet, the Journal of Counseling Psychology, the International Journal of Neuroscience, the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, the British Journal of Educational Psychology, and the Journal of Conflict Resolution.
Current Directions in Psychological Science 15.5 (2006): 265-68. Print. The.
Edited by Raymond J. Corsini. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Second Edition, Volume 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.