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Criminal behaviour biological and psychological
Criminal behaviour biological and psychological
Criminal behaviour biological and psychological
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According to the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2,220,300 adults are incarcerated each year. Based on that statistic, 80 percent of them will get released at some point and will be expected to show progress towards reforming. Unfortunately, many of which will fail due to not having the resources and help they need to change. “Within three years of their release, 49.7% of inmates either had an arrest that resulted in a conviction with a disposition of a prison sentence or were returned to prison without a new conviction because they violated a technical condition of their release, as did 55.1% of inmates within 5 years of release.” (Sipes, Leonard) With evidence from Macbeth and Prison: To Punish or To Reform, an article on the …show more content…
An individual with a lower amygdala, as well as lower anterior cingulate cortex levels is more likely to commit a crime within four years after reforming. Some may conclude that it is not the individuals fault for having a chemical imbalance in their brain, which is partially true. One example of this is Macbeth, a character from Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth. Like many criminals after committing a crime, Macbeth tries to reform but is incapable of it because of the environment surrounding him. While planning his first crime, his wife prompts him to kill the king in line to the throne in order for him to gain the crown. After killing the king, Macbeth comes to the realization that, “Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore/ Cawdor/ shall sleep no more. Macbeth shall sleep no more.” (2.2.54-57) He is struck with grief and guilt for what he has done to the king. But, eventually Macbeth decides that “the very firstlings of my heart shall be/ the firstlings of my hand. And even now/ to crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and/ done;” (4.1.67-70) Macbeth evolved from contemplating killing his first victim, to listening to what his heart wants him to do. Because he was influenced and encouraged by his wife, he continued to commit crimes even after the consequence of eventually being dethroned and killed. Like Macbeth, each individual has a choice to make before they pursue their actions. Therefore, the psychological effects may be a factor that ties into the process of reforming after committing a crime, but environment and influence have a bigger impact
After a long and hard battle, the Sergeant says to King Duncan, “For brave Macbeth,-well he deserves that name,- disdaining fortune, with his brandish’d steel, which smok’d with bloody execution , like valour’s minion carv’d out his passage till he fac’d the slave;” (1.2.16) . This quote shows that Macbeth is viewed as a valiant soldier and a capable leader. However, it does not take long for the real Macbeth to be revealed- a blindly ambitious man, easily manipulated by the prospect of a higher status. His quest for power is what drives his insanity, and after having been deemed the Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth’s ambition can immediately be seen. In a soliloquy, Macbeth says, “Present fears are less than horrible imaginings; my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastica, shakes so my single state of man that function is smother’d in surmise, and nothing is but what is not” (1.3.140). Macbeth has just gained more power, and his immediate thought is of how to gain an even higher status as king. He imagines how to kill Duncan, and then is troubled by his thoughts, telling himself it is wrong. This inner struggle between Macbeth’s ambition and his hesitation to kill Duncan is the first sure sign of his mental deterioration. Although Macbeth does kill Duncan, he questions whether or not he should to do so, which is far different from how Macbeth feels about murder later in the play. Macbeth becomes king, and this power leads
He says, “Better be with the dead, whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, than on the torture of the mind”(III.2.46). This quote takes place just before he does the daring deed and shows the reader that he knows it is not the right thing to do before he even goes to do it. His conscience tries to stay strong but he wants all the power as soon as possible so his conscience gives out and he decides that he will kill Duncan. He states before the domino effect of murders starts that he would rather be dead, than to be a guilty murderer. As the character gives into his dream of being the king he goes to do the deed and murder King Duncan. After he commits the murder, Macbeth feels immediate guilt. This is shown in a conversation with his wife yet again. He says, “I am afraid to think what I have done. Look on’t again I dare not”(II.2.56-57). This quote takes place right after the murder of King Duncan but he accidentally left the daggers in the bedroom with the corpse of Duncan. He immediately feels the guilt which is good for his conscience because he realizes he did something he should not have. He says to Lady Macbeth that he can not stand to even see what he has done anymore. Soon after Macbeth’s daring act his guilt begins to haunt him
The United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for a number of reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. The ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system is caused by mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism.
After Macbeth committed a dreadful crime at the start of the play, he realizes that by killing even more people he can get what he wants whenever he wants. Macbeth reaches a point where he is too busy fulfilling his own ambitions that he was not fulfilling his obligations as king. “Those he command move only in command, / Nothing in love…” (5.2.22-23). His obsession with power caused him to murder his good friend Banquo, and Banquo’s son. Macbeth’s out of control ambition has caused him to lose his emotion. He progressively sta...
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in the year 1980 we had approximately 501,900 persons incarcerated across the United States. By the year 2000, that figure has jumped to over 2,014,000 prisoners. The current level of incarceration represents the continuation of a 25-year escalation of the nation's prison and jail population beginning in 1973. Currently the U.S. rate of 672 per 100,000 is second only to Russia, and represents a level of incarceration that is 6-10 times that of most industrialized nations. The rise in prison population in recent years is particularly remarkable given that crime rates have been falling nationally since 1992. With less crime, one might assume that fewer people would be sentenced to prison. This trend has been overridden by the increasing impact of lengthy mandatory sentencing policies.
The character Macbeth in the story of Shakespeare’s Macbeth faces decisions that affect his morals. He begins as an innocent soul, dedicated to serve his kingdom and its king, Duncan. As time passes and opportunities present themselves combined with the deception of the evil witches, Macbeth begins his descent into madness. Macbeth’s innocence and loyalty are completely corrupted due to his over confidence, guilty conscience, and the inevitability of human nature. Macbeth looses sight of what is morally right to do in life because his logical choices are changed by these factors.
Macbeth claims that after committing a murder, there is no turning back. He killed his best friend due to his ambition and fear. The third murder was outright moralless and unnecessary, as he compulsively killed Macduff’s wife and children. Macbeth shows no remorse in his murders, he becomes an absolute monster towards the end of the play. As Macbeth loses his human morale, hallucinations appear to remind him of the sins he committed.
It is common for people to react harshly after committing murderous crimes. In other pieces of literature, authors often show main characters losing their minds after committing heinous deeds. For example, the main character in Edgar Allan Poe’s A Telltale Heart, is driven mad by the supposed beating heart of the old man he murdered. Poe makes it clear that the man is most definitely dead, and the beating of his heart is heard by only the main character. This is similar to Banquo’s ghost, as it is only visible to Macbeth. The sight causes those around him to question his sanity, just as it caused the main character in A Telltale Heart to confess to a crime. In conclusion, Macbeth’s criminal actions throughout the play inevitably resulted in his mental deterioration, similar to those in other pieces of
A major problem within the prison system is the high rate of incarceration. According to “Facts about the Prison System in the U.S”, sixty-six percent of released convicts will end up back in jail at some point in their life. One reason for this repeat rate is because the newly released convicts are unprepared for life outside of prison. For example, when paroled convicts
In today's society, we are facing many changes. Our own family, neighbors, and countrymen are afraid of many dangers which influence their lives. Although many people have fear which resonates in their consciousness and unconsciousness, the United States has a comparatively low crime rate. Despite this low crime rate, America incarcerates it's citizens five times the rate of Canada and seven times that of most European democracies.(Slambrouck, Paul. 24) Our society needs to be changed. We cannot blame the individuals involved in wrongdoing but we can blame our society who raised these criminals. Of course someone who kills another human being needs to be put away in some form; but we need to make changes. We need to help as many maladjusted people as we can. There are some steps which really seem to work. There are many prison inmates who come from broken homes and have low self-esteem. What needs to be done to help these insecure people, who are at war with themselves and society, is to rehabilitate them. The problem is the prison officials do not try to teach the prisoners how to learn from their mistakes.(McGovern, Celeste. 42) What actually happens is that criminals tend to be better thefts, and have the ability to out smart the police. Our politicians need to stress how important vocational, educational, drug-treatment, and religious programs are, in order to improve the attitude and demeanor of these convicted felons. This is the only way to keep ex-con's from jail.(DeLuca, H.R. 38) Another problem with America's prison system is overcrowding. There is a huge amount of young conscienceless offenders who are entering today's prisons. Imagine trying to compact eight gallons of water in a five gallon con...
Macbeth further reinforces his evil nature as he acts surprised and outraged after Duncan’s death (II, iii, 107 – 109). Macbeth, instead of listening to his conscience, suppresses his guilt and continues with his ambition. This proves his vaulting ambition and how it has taken over Macbeth. Macbeth continues to murder Banquo and does so out of fear of losing the throne.
Seeking for greater power, Macbeth murders Duncan who is the king at that time, which caused a great pain for the kingdom. Duncan is a great king, but just not a so good human reader. He has never been aware of Macbeth. He never have a thought that Macbeth might be a danger, who is willing to kill him for the throne. On the other hand, Macbeth does not accept to be just a general for the rest of his life. He wants a greater power, higher position than he is having at the time. Because of the suggests from the trio witches: “ All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!/ All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!”(1.2.49-50), Macbeth has the thinking about killing the king to take his throne. By calling Macbeth the Thane of Cawdor, they give Macbeth the thought that being a king is his fate. On the night Macbeth is planning to murder Duncan, the Old Man see many strange events: “And Duncan’s horses (a thing most strange and certain),/ Beauteous and swift, the minions of their race, /Turned wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out/ Contending ‘gainst obedience, as they would/ Make war with mankind” (2.4.14-18). It creates a scary feeling in the kingdom, and means something bad will happen to the kingdom.
Many people idealized the relevancy of living in a civilized world, where those who break the law are reprimanded in a less traditional sense of punishment in today’s standard. Instead of just doing hard time, programs and services could and should be provided to reform and rehabilitate prisoner. Despite standard beliefs, many individuals in prison are not harden criminals and violent offenders, many of these people suffer mental illness and substance abuse Hoke
Although it may not seem like a major problem to most people in the United States, prisons are becoming overcrowded, expensive to maintain and have little to no effect on the moral discipline of inmates. The current prison system is extremely inefficient and the purpose of prisons has been completely forgotten. According to Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the primary purpose of prisons is to punish, to protect, and to rehabilitate. Not only is there an increase in prisoners, but there is a rise in the number of repeat offenders. Alternatives such as counseling, drug rehabilitation, education, job training and victim restitution must be better enforced and organized. People do not understand the severity of the problem mainly because
In Shakespeare’s Macbeth many characters commit actions that they regret later. These characters try get away with their mischievous deeds, but it ultimately comes back to haunt them until they die. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth fail to cover up the murder of Duncan without people having suspicion of them killing him. While some characters seek to commit injustice other are determine to fight and bring justice and harmony. Characters in Macbeth define what they believe is justice by abiding by their set of morals, this is a mindset of what they think is right and wrong. The mindset and ambition of characters in Macbeth ultimately lead to their actions being justified or help justifying what is wrong. Justice in Macbeth is served on different levels depending on the character’s integrity and desire to do unmoral deeds. The characters in Macbeth are provoked to commit actions out either of personal desire or manipulation, animosity and revenge of one another. Macbeth’s inner desire to suddenly become king portraits how justice is served after he continues to murder, Macduff’s determination to bring proper order and justice without any personal gain shows how he is the true hero and an agent of justice, and Lady Macbeth’s guilt proves her injustice deeds which drives her to commit suicide.