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Political environment of Palestine in the 1st century
Israel and Palestine conflict history
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1. Zionism is a movement established by Jews and decedents of Jewish culture that seeks restitution in the form of a new Jewish homeland, specifically the modern day state of Palestine, which was once the sovereign Jewish land of Israel.
2. The three concepts of Judaism, Zionism, and Israel are different in many ways. To begin, the state of Israel was formed in 1948 by the United Nations as a result of the Partition Resolution, which was originally established in 1947. The Partition Resolution sought to divide Great Britain’s previous Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states and provide reconciliation to the Jews for the calamities of the Holocaust. This means that neither Jews nor Zionists (Jewish descendants) officially established the state of Israel in which Jew’s call home. Meanwhile, Jews and Zionists whom occupy the state of Israel are very different in themselves. Jews believe in one God who created the Torah and with whom they have a covenant. While Zionists reject the Creator, his revelation, reward and punishment. Zionism and its followers continue to persecute the Palestinian people with the belief that military aggression will end Jewish exile. All the while Torah Jews reject the Zionists movement and believe that they bring shame to the Jewish culture.
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The British were originally against the creation of an Arab state and a Jewish state located in Palestine. They were also opposed to the unrestricted settlement of Jewish refugees in the region. The British sought to retain good relations with the Arabs in hopes of protecting its economic and political interests in Palestine (Office of the Historian.) However, in 1920 with the creation of the British Mandate of Palestine, British actions displeased both Jewish and Arab people. As a result of the mandate, tensions between Jews, best classified as Zionists, and Arabs continued to grow and eventually led to the Arab-Israeli war of
As soon as Jewish immigration increased, so did the tension between the two groups because each felt like they deserved the Palestine land. Zionism began early in the history of Judiasm and it was the movement for the Jews to establish a home in Palestine, and return to their holy land. During the Holocaust, six million Jews were killed and the deep-seeded hatre against them increased
Late into the 19th century, Zionism (a biblical name for Jerusalem) started to rise when Theodor Herzl published an article that concluded Jewish assimilation and emancipation could not work in Europe. It was this that started plans for the creation of a Jewish statehood. During this time, the population of Jews were spread out across different countries, and in each of these countries, they had represented a minority. Throughout this period, they had longed for a state in which they called Eretz Israel, the land of Israel. Herzl’s proposed solution was for the revival of a Jewish homeland where they could set up a state belonging to themselves. Following his publishings, the First Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland. The program state that “The aim of Zionism is to create for the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine secure by public law”. Much of the Jewish community at this point held mixed views about this movement but it was this time period of the late 19th ce...
Israel was created as a haven for persecuted Jew as a result of the Holocaust, however, it was soon run by the military. “The new Israel seemed to be a nation where the military ruled ignoring the will of the countr...
“Many Jews were fleeing Europe from Hitler so that they can reclaim the land they believed was their Biblical birthright, (Document 4 Excepts from the Israeli Declaration of Independence). Leaders were petitioning Great Britain to allow Jewish people to begin migrating into Palestine, then in 194 8the formal state of Israel was formed. “The Balfour Declaration Britain promised a national home for the Jewish people as seen in” (document 2). However, people were already living there so the natives felt like they were getting there home taken away from
According to Shlaim, the conflict begins during World War 1 when the British made various promises to both Jews and Arabs while simultaneously plotting with the French to divide all the territory into spheres of influence . The British assumed that Palestinians and Jews could leave peaceably in a single state, but Britain's obligation to the Jews could only be met at the expense of the Arab majority. The British carved up the territories under their mandate without regard for religious, ethnic, or linguistic composition of their inhabitants.
...of the situation, "The position of the Jews in liberated countries is desperate. The political pressure in Palestine is becoming unbearable. And so is my personal position as President of the Jewish agency. This is the hour to eliminate the British White Paper, to open the doors of Palestine and to proclaim the Jewish state" (Ganin). The British negative attitude gave the militant Zionists who wanted a new policy towards England and for new activist leadership a reason to take action. They felt, "...it's astonishing how fast they forgot about that..." (Silverberg). The Zionist leaders saw that after World War Two, Britain was exhausted economically and psychologically. British power had weakened because of the war. The Jewish community realized that they would not be able to rely on Britain for help and so they turned all their attention to the United States (Ganin).
Prior to and after WWI the world saw a rise in nationalistic sentiments. The Middle East was not immune to this new ideology. Although Arab Nationalism had a start in the Ottoman Empire, its rise among the masses did not begin until after WWI. While a total rise in Arab Nationalism became apparent on the Arabian Peninsula, a separate nationalist movement began in Palestine as a way to combat a unique and repressive situation. In Palestine the British mandate, along with British support, and the world's support for Zionist immigration into Palestine, caused a number of European Zionists to move into the country. These factors created an agitated atmosphere among Palestinians. Although there was more than one factor in creating a Palestinian-centered Arab Nationalism, the mounting Zionist immigration was among the most prevalent of forces.
For hundreds of years the Jewish people have wandered the earth without a country to call their own, yet the Jewish people's origins are from the area of the Middle East that many are trying to take from us. The Jewish people deserve to have a home of their own in their "ancient homeland" a belief that would be considered to be Zionism. A home where we can practice our religion, beliefs, values, and traditions, a place where we can feel safe, a place where we will not be persecuted, a place we can call our own.
...thousands of years from times of nomadic tribes to kings that ruled over millions. While the land covered has been vast and the people many, one thing has been a constant in the history of the Jewish people, conflict. The conflict the people of Israel has faced has caused much destruction and horror in the lives of many, however, Israel has turned the history of conflict into a positive light in order to create a nation unified behind it. Israel has created a fast military force that gives thousands jobs both in factories and within the military itself. They have also created an economic system that creates vast productions of quality goods in order to compete with other countries in the Middle East and around the world. Israel has turned the devastation of war and the worries of continual conflict into a constructive action that has kept Israel alive and powerful.
Between 1936 and1939 there was a revolt by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine that was targeted mainly against the British but also the Jews. During this period each side had various aims. To address the rising discontent the British proposed a partition of Palestine, but partition would not avoid the emerging conflict.
Judaism is one of the most ancient religions in the world. Abraham, his descendants, and Moses are believed to have been the founders. According to Jewish beliefs until Abraham man worshiped many Gods. The story begins with Abraham and his wife Sarah trying to conceive a child. When Abraham was 99 and Sarah 90 God came to Abraham and told him they would have a son. After the child was born God again came to Abraham and tested his beliefs by asking him to sacrifice his only son Isaac. Isaac willingly went with Abraham to be sacrificed. Before Abraham could sacrifice Isaac God sent an angel down to stop him. As a reward for his faith God made a covenant with Abraham that he and his descendants would be protected as long as they continued to show faith in him and live a life that was wholesome. Also from this it is said God blessed Abraham with many children. His son Isaac had two sons Jacob and Esau, Jacob who changes his name to Israel had twelve sons. Israel’s had twelve sons they are the “12 tribes of Israel” and their descendants are later known as the Israelites also called Hebrews.
...on by revolting against British authority and Jewish immigrants. The subsequent White Papers of 1937 and 1939 that the British released were to pacify both sides but sufficiently proved to both the Arabs and the Zionists that the British were unwilling to support just one side and their policies, including the Balfour Declaration, proved to be conflicting ideas. Furthermore the British could not balance the two opposing national movements forever as both were growing with the increase of Jewish immigration and land sales. Eventually the Arabs and Zionists rebelled against the British who in never supporting one side wholeheartedly lost its hold over the entire of Palestine. In the years to come many British leaders “soon reached the conclusion that the Balfour Declaration had been a colossal blunder, unfair to the Arabs and detrimental to the empire’s interests”
The MAKOM Matrix was made to emphasize the importance of having both a personal connection with Israel as well as proper knowledge about the state. In the article, “Mature Zionism,” Hanan Alexander introduces: “the tendency to relate to Israel naively in the institutions of American and Israeli Jewish life and to teach about Israel uncritically in American and Israeli Jewish schools.” I view my personal experience to be unique since I experienced both sides of the spectrum. I have attended Jewish day schools in America as well as in Israel. If I would have gone to Jewish day school in America for my whole life I would say my understanding of Israel reflects Alexander’s definition of mature Zionism. However, living and studying in Israel has enabled me to study the flaws in addition to the strengths of Israel. I fully support this idea of wrestling. This means that I
In 1917 Chaim Weizmann, scientist, statesman, and Zionist, persuaded the British government to issue a statement favoring the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. The statement which became known as the Balfour Declaration, was, in part, payment to the Jews for their support of the British against the Turks during World War I. After the war, the League of Nations ratified the declaration and in 1922 appointed Britain to rule in Palestine.
When observing the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, one realizes that there are many factors that have contributed to and upheld the tensions between both peoples, which include war and nationalism. Nationalism is generally known as the patriotism or loyalty that one may have towards their country. It includes identifying with a certain nationality and expressing that pride through social and political manners, such as culture and political party. However, in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, it adopts a slightly different meaning. Palestinian nationalism is defined as the struggle against Israeli colonialism of Arab land and fighting to re-establish Palestine through political, economic and social means.