Synge’s Riders to the Sea and Beckett’s Endgame
1 1 Introduction
Riders to the Sea by John Millington Synge (1904) and Endgame by Samuel Beckett (1958) show many similarities despite the eventful half a century that passed between their years of publication. The similar elements (the setting, the relation of the characters to the outside world, etc., related in detail in the next section) seem to create an atmosphere in both works that is fit for the creation of a new mythology.
However, by separating the physically present elements from those which are conjured up only by words in the texts (determining the A/B structure of the works), one of the—probably—most important differences can be discovered between the two plays: namely, that while in Riders to the Sea, a new myth is actually being created, this act of creation is missing from Endgame—possibly because newly created myths (and values) are deemed impossible by Beckett in the light of the two World Wars of the 20th century. During the course of the essay, it will also be suggested that this creation is, in fact, what characters (more specifically, Maurya, Hamm and Clov) are all waiting for; and that while the world-view of Synge’s play reflects, to a certain extent, the views of objective idealism, Beckett not only lowers the level of idealism to the subjective level, denying the existence of a rational, global control, but also goes further to deny the existence of any ordering power in the world at all.
1 2 “Outside of here it’s death” (Beckett 2:2475). Environments Fit for Myths
It has been suggested many times (for example, Tokarev 1:12), that mythology was the main instrument for the so-called ‘primitive’ cultures to understand the surrounding world. If this is so, then the world, in a pre-mythic or mythless state, must present itself as dangerous and inconceivable, as it actually does in both plays.
In both works, the setting is a room: “Bare interior” (2:2472) in Endgame, and a “cottage kitchen” (83) in Riders to the Sea, outside which room, in both cases, lies the realm of (literal) death. In Endgame, this is expressed directly, as Hamm declares often: “Outside of here it’s death” (2:2475) and “Beyond is the… other hell” (2:2481), when feeling the wall that separates the two spaces.
In Richard Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game”, he uses several literary devices to keep the reader interested. During Rainsfords journey to and through the island of General Zaroff he partakes in an adventurous journey filled with mystery, suspense, and dilemma. These devices are used to keep the reader interested throughout the story.
This theme of death giving meaning to life is prevalent throughout the Odyssey. Hell is death, heaven is now, in life, in the field of time and action.
Lawall, Sarah N. “The Odyssey.” The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. 8th ed. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. 206-495. Print.
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Mommy said no but her budget said yes! Breastfeeding is healthier than formula fed and cheaper! Let us help you with the steps to decide whether breastfeeding is going to benefit your lifestyle! Whether your lifestyle is busy or slow we, can help you pick the right decision to help your little one grow. Breastfeeding and formula has a lot of factors to consider, whether it is a budget, schedule, the health of your baby, or you just might not be sure what to do yet. Take the time and make the right choice.
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The baby’s health is a main concern and in order to keep him or her healthy, mothers should breastfeed. Heather M. Kolinsky’s research proves that babies who are breastfed for at least the first six months of birth are “less likely to contract a wide range of infectious diseases.” The reason for this is because breast milk is made distinctly for the child. There are specific nutrients provided in breast milk
According to Relevant Research, Inc and the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, 35 million men and 21 million women in the United States were experiencing hair loss as of July 2013. Hair loss can have many causes and subsequently there are many solutions. People experiencing hair loss will go to great measures to reverse their hair loss. 47% of hair loss suffers said they would give up their life savings to regain a full head of hair and 60% said they would rather have more hair than money or friends. With those statistics, it is no surprise that that the worldwide revenue for surgical hair restoration alone is $1.87 billion. However, not all hair loss solutions are a match for everyone and some do not provide the results promised. In order to truly understand what type of solution is best for an individual it is necessary to know what has caused the hair loss. Alopecia, which simply means hair loss and does not refer to one specific hair loss disease, can be caused by many factors from genetics to stress. The three most common types of alopecia are androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and alopecia areata.
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