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Pericles funeral oration sparknotes
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In Athens, there were two wise men named Socrates and Pericles. In the short story "Plato's Apology", Socrates is on trial, and is speaking before his peers so that he may be judged. In "Pericles's Funeral Oration", Pericles himself is giving a speech at a funeral on behalf of the fallen soldiers of Athens. In both speeches, Socrates and Pericles believe it will be hard to talk about the subject because the people listening might not believe what they say to be the truth or the whole truth. Both men were considered wise, but Socrates believed men were not virtuos, and Pericles believed that man does strive to become virtous. I believe that Socrates's arguments are a rebuttal to Pericles's Funeral Oration, and although they are both wise, only …show more content…
Throughout all the years, he never could find anyone as wise as himself, and all he did was make enemies searching. These enemies are now his accusers, and they accuse him of spreading evil doctrines, corrupting the youth, and not believing in the Gods. Throughout the speech, Socrates continues to shoot down every accuser and it is evident that he has done no wrong. Eventually, one of his accusers states that he must be doing something strange and that he wouldnt be that famous if he were like other men. Socrates did not live a very public life unlike most people at that time. His thoughts of being virteous had more to do with examining yourself and becoming a better person and in that way, you benifit society. He did not believe Athens to be virtuos at all, and that they relied on materail things and reputation rather than finding happiness by searching for it deep within …show more content…
During the funeral he goes on to praise the ancestors of Athens for the inheritance from generation to generation. He describes how great Athen's charachter is and how luxurious it has become. In this way, he is able to honor the dead soldiers and most importantly what it was they fought for. He urges every citizen to become more like these soldiers, and to love their city. Just like these soldiers did, he argues that every citizen should be willing to sacrafice themselves for the sake of Athens and everyones freedom. Pericles believed the more successful the man, the less he had to be afraid of when it came to death. If you were poor and unsuccessful, you didn't have honor becuase you would lose nothing at
To wrap up my thoughts on Pericles and his funeral oration speech is I feel as if he planned out this speech for people to take it as a helpful healing to those who have lost a loved one. But, in reality it view him as a person who do not think about the
When asking how important the state is, the law asks; “Is your…country to be honored more than…all your ancestors…that it counts for more among the gods and sensible men, that you must worship it…?” Rather than a statement, Socrates makes his point that the law must be upheld, even in his case of a death sentence. It is important to note that Socrates accepted his fate, even though he felt the accusations against him were false. Yet, as if speaking on behalf of the law, recognized that escaping would only turn those untruthful indictments into the truth, and as a destroyer of laws; “You will strengthen the conviction of the jury that they passed the right sentence on you.” By the definition of the word martyr, as one who dies for a cause, in this instance the laws of the state, Socrates is justifiably fitting of that label. The narrative of the Roman woman Perpetua is a tale of martyrdom, but the cause is from a higher power beyond the Roman
Socrates was wise men, who question everything, he was found to be the wise man in Athens by the oracle. Although he was consider of being the wises man alive in those days, Socrates never consider himself wise, therefore he question everything in order to learned more. Socrates lived a poor life, he used to go to the markets and preach in Athens he never harm anyone, or disobey any of the laws in Athens, yet he was found guilty of all charges and sentence to die.
Athens government and military is considerably different from their neighbors. According to Pericles, Athens government is not a copy of our neighbors...
Socrates lived such a private life that it lead to the most important revelation of his entire life. He would go about his life doing nothing but self-examination. In examining his life so strenuously others would come to him to be taught, or to have their children be taught by Socrates. They would offer him money and he would refuse. They would do whatever they could to learn anything Socrates had to teach. What they did not know is that Socrates was not teaching anyone he was simply going about his usual life and people just happened to learn from it. This was also why Socrates was put on trial. He was brought up on two charges, one of impiety and the other of corrupting the youth. These two charges set the course for the last month of his life.
It takes one person to begin expanding a thought, eventually dilating over a city, gaining power through perceived power. This is why Socrates would be able to eventually benefit everyone, those indifferent to philosophy, criminals, and even those who do not like him. Socrates, through his knowledge of self, was able to understand others. He was emotionally intelligent, and this enabled him to live as a “gadfly,” speaking out of curiosity and asking honest questions. For someone who possesses this emotional intelligence, a conversation with Socrates should not have been an issue-people such as Crito, Nicostratus, and Plato who he calls out during his speech. (37) The problem is that many of the citizens of Athens who wanted Socrates dead, lacked that emotional intelligence and thought highly of themselves. So of course they become defensive when Socrates sheds light on the idea that they may be wrong. As someone who cared most about the improvement of the soul, Socrates would have made a constructive role model to the criminals of Athens, as he would go on saying, “virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man…”(35) Socrates was able to benefit everyone alike as he had human wisdom- something that all the Athenians could relate
...” (16). Socrates did not want to give in and humor the Athenians by letting them see him acting in such a lowly way. Socrates doesn’t see the point in changing the way he lives his life in what very well may be the last moments of it just to attempt to buy himself a little more time.
The Apology is Socrates' defense at his trial. As the dialogue begins, Socrates notes that his accusers have cautioned the jury against Socrates' eloquence, according to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that Socrates speaks the truth. Socrates distinguished two groups of accusers: the earlier and the later accusers. The earlier group is the hardest to defend against, since they do not appear in court. He is all so accused of being a Sophist: that he is a teacher and takes money for his teaching. He attempts to explain why he has attracted such a reputation. The oracle was asked if anyone was wiser than Socrates was. The answer was no, there was no man wiser. Socrates cannot believe this oracle, so he sets out to disprove it by finding someone who is wiser. He goes to a politician, who is thought wise by him self and others. Socrates does not think this man to be wise and tells him so. As a consequence, the politician hated Socrates, as did others who heard the questioning. "I am better off, because while he knows nothing but thinks that he knows, I neither know nor think that I know" (Socrates). He questioned politicians, poets, and artisans. He finds that the poets do not write from wisdom, but by genius and inspiration. Meletus charges Socrates with being "a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the State, and has other new divinities of his own."
In the Apology, Socrates was told by the Delphic Oracle that there was nobody wiser than him. With ancient Greece having been a prominent home of philosophy and art since before Socrates' time, the Athenian court found his proclamation both insulting and hard to believe. Socrates goes through great lengths to find the wisest of men and seeing if their reputations are in fact true. He hoped to find a man wiser than him to prove the oracles prediction was false, even Socrates failed to believe he was the wisest man. He first went to a man that seemed wise. After he spoke with him Plato quotes "I came to see that, though many persons, and chiefly himself, thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise."(77) With his certainty that Socrates was wiser, the man was insulted and hated Socrates for derailing his intelligence. Socrates then goes to another wise man, but is again let down. He still believes he is wiser. Convinced that he would not find a more intelligent man amongst wise men, he then questioned the more "educated people", such as poets and artisans. According to Plato, Socrates says "I imagine, they find a great abundance of men who think that they know a great...
However, Pericles, the Athenian politician who started the Golden Age of Athens, set out to give a less destructive option. Pericles devoted his life to make Athens great, and his passion for the city shows in his funeral oration given after the first battles of the Peloponnesian war. He showed that he deeply cared about Athens and its citizens: “When a man is gone, all are wont to praise him, and should your merit be ever so transcendent, you will still find it difficult not merely to overtake, but even to approach their renown. The living have envy to contend with, while those who are no longer in our path are honoured with a goodwill into which rivalry does not enter. On the other hand, if I must say anything on the subject of female excellence to those of you who will now be in widowhood, it will be all comprised in this brief exhortation. Great will be your glory in not falling short of your natural character; and greatest will be hers who is least talked of among the men, whether for good or for bad (Thucydides, page 117)”. Pericles restated the ideas of self-sacrifice for arête, but instead of focusing on that aspect, instead he chose to make sure that the Greek peoples did not deviate from who they were; they would not change themselves for anyone, they would remain Greek and proud until the day they die. In Pericles’ mind,
In his defense, Socrates claims over and again that he is innocent and is not at all wise, “…for I know that I have no wisdom, small or great.” Throughout the rest of his oration he seems to act the opposite as if he is better than every man, and later he even claims that, “At any rate, the world has decided that Socrates is in some way superior to other men.” This seems to be his greatest mistake, claiming to be greater than even the jury.
Similarly to Oedipus, Socrates was thought highly off because he was smartest thinkers of his time. Socrates tried to spread his wisdom and knowledge by enlightening and teaching the youth of the society. But in the majority eyes of Athens, he was viewed as corrupting the youth because Anytus and Meletus accused Socrates front of the council that he does not believe in Athenian Gods and have corrupted the youth, for they were no longer as obedient after meeting them. When defending himself Socrates said hat he is trying trying to teach spread his wisdom for the younger generation he questions Meletus by referring to horses.
In the anecdote of the Encounter with the Delphic Oracle, Socrates describes the time in which a friend went to the Oracle asking who the wisest man in all of Greece wise. The Oracle responded that it was definitely Socrates. Upon hearing this news, Socrates was troubled. He responded by saying that he knew many men that were equally smart if not more so than he was. Socrates knew he was ignorant. Despite all the knowledge he held, Socrates considered himself to be ignorant because he knew there were things he could learn from. He brought this to the oracle and was shown that what he considered a lack of wisdom, the oracle called his greatest strength. Through acknowledging that he can improve and learn, no matter how intelligent he is, he is wise. While...
Socrates was a philosopher who set out to prove, to the gods, that he wasn't the wisest man. Since he could not afford a "good" Sophist teacher, surely a student of one had to be smarter than he. He decides to converse with the youth of Athens, but concludes that he actually is wiser than everyone he speaks with. He then realizes that their lack of intelligence is the fault of their teachers. Socrates understands that the practice of "sophism" leads to a lack of self-knowledge and moral values. Socrates was later accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and put on trial. In The Apology of Socrates he sta...
Being criticized is one of the hardest things to accept as a thinker or scientist. Academic criticism questions the very premise of one’s idea, theory or hypothesis. It this openness to criticism that the Athenians show in The Symposium that show the true nature of these men. All of these men are well educated, well spoken and present well thought out ideas. The are most likely highly respected men in the community and must take some pride in their abilities. However, there is an uncanny acceptance to criticism from their peers that proves these men prioritize logic and reason over their own personal pride. An examples of this is seen when Eryximachus says to Aristophanes, “ Indeed, I am not going to attack you for I thought your speech was charming” (Burger 108). This quote displays the Athenians be able to admit they were wrong, and were able to change their views if presented with new, logical information. This is a key element in a sophisticated and accomplished intellectual community. It is at the very core of academic thinking to question and provide answers that logically explain why. If new evidence is presented, a good intellectual will change his answer to re explain this new information or question. However, in The Symposium, the reader must be careful not to use this text as a historical record of who the smartest Athenian was. Plato of student of Socrates, could have potential a large bias for his former teacher and could paint him a brighter light than might be historically accurate. It is important to understand the significance of others openness to criticism but not necessarily that Socrates was the superior intellectual of his time, just because he is the last to speak and receives very little