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The difference between locke and hume
Reflection of philosophy
Comparison between Locke and Hume's theory of knowledge
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Comparing Locke and Hume
If we are to understand the difference between Locke and Hume’s account of how ideas work, we must forth set the pertinent terms of each of their arguments. The two essential terms in Locke’s discussion of how ideas work are idea and object. Locke defines an idea as "whatsoever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks" (Cahn, 494). Locke has "used [idea] to express whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is that the mind can be employed about in thinking" (Cahn, 494-495). In other words, an idea, for Locke, is something you use in your mind to think about other things, while an object, in Locke, is what the mind is employed about when thinking. In Hume’s argument perception, is equivalent to Locke’s definition of idea, which is "whatsoever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks" (Cahn, 494).
Locke says that all ideas originate from experience, which he breaks down into sensation and reflection. To use Locke’s language, "Our observation employed either, about external sensible objects, or about the internal operations of our minds perceived and reflected on by ourselves, is that which supplies our understanding with all the materials of thinking" (Cahn, 497). By our ‘observation being employed about external sensible objects’, Locke is speaking of what he terms sensation, which is the senses conveying into mind perceptions of things outside of our minds and thereby causing ideas arise in the mind. By our observation being employed about the internal operations of our own minds, Locke is referring to ideas that are gotten from "the mind [taking] notice of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of th...
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...t Locke runs into the problem of being unable to discover the causal process that his argument is founded on, which is that an object gives rise to ideas in the mind. Hume, on the other hand, gives a logical account of what he can access, and does not attempt to go beyond the reach of perceptions. In Hume’s words "to know the different operations of the mind, separate them from each other, class them under their proper heads, correct all their seeming disorder…if we can go no further than this mental geography, or delineation of the distinct parts and powers of the mind, it is at least a satisfaction to go so far" (Jones, 299).
Works Cited
Cahn, Steven, ed., Classics of Western Philosophy, 5th. edition, Cambridge, Hackett Publishing Company, 1999.
Jones, W.T. A History of Western Philosophy: Hobbes to Hume. Chicago: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1969.
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Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience (Locke, 1690/1947, bk. II, chap. 1, p.26).
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