Modern world history had an unreasonable justice system. Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau believed that there was a good type of government for society. Some believe that a democratic government was best, but the others believed a monarchy government was the answer for society. Being in a democratic society would mean that the people would be able to intervene and take part in politics, for the better of their society. Being in a monarchy government would mean that only one man would hold all the power and do what’s best for him. Like in “The Book Thief” there was a lot of censorship. They burned and destroyed anything that was created or written by a Jew. They wouldn’t allow freedom of speech and would kill anyone that fought back. …show more content…
Many people believed that it was wrong for them to do these horrifying things. Wiley College debates at Oklahoma City College and Harvard. They debate over Negros being admitted to a university and if non-violent civil disobedience is moral. Wiley College believed that a Negro should be admitted and shouldn’t be kept out of a university. They also believed that non-violent civil disobedience was moral and the right way to protest against something they didn’t agree on. There was many major ideas throughout the modern world history, either choosing the best government type for a society, risking your life by breaking a censorship, and by debating and arguing about what you think is wrong or right. Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau had major ideas about the type of government system.
Locke believe that people can be reasonable and moral. He explained that all men will have natural rights which are liberty, life, and property. He said the people have the right to a revolution if the government did not protect these rights. Montesquieu believed that the government should be divided according to its powers, creating 3 branches of government. These branches were the legislative, judicial, and executive branch. He explained that under this system each branch can check and balance each other’s power out, which would help protect the people’s liberty. Voltaire believed many things like equal privileges for all classes, freedom of speech and press, and hated censorship of any kind. But Voltaire did not believe in democracy he believed that an enlightened despot was the best type of government. Rousseau believed that civilization caused selfishness, cruelty, and began wars and misery. He also believed that all people should have the right to receive an education no matter what class of society he or she belonged in. He added on saying that schooling should not began till the age of twelve and believed that educated citizens should be allowed to elect their
leaders. The Book Thief is based in Germany 1938, in a fictional town called Molching. Germany in 1938, censored many things books, newspapers, religion, and freedom of speech in a strict all-powerful dictatorship. When Liesel arrives to Molching, she is introduced to her new foster parents, Hans and Rosa. She goes to her very first book burning organized by the Nazis to celebrate Adolph Hitler's birthday. Liesel doesn't really know what it means to be living in Nazi Germany and hears a Nazi spokesman calling for the death of Communists as well as Jews. Liesel's foster parents, Hans and Rosa, are forced to hide a Jewish boy named Max in their home whose father saved Hans life once before. Hans made a promise to Max's mother that if she ever needed anything she could come to him no matter what. Before Max went to Hubermann's house, he was hiding in a closet without food, light, or water. A friend of his brings him fake identity papers and a map hidden in Hitler's autobiography book, to get him to Hubermann's house in Molching. Upon his arrival to Molching, Hans and Rosa hide him in the upstairs room where Liesel was staying until he recovered. They began talking and getting to know each other and became friends. Later on he was put down in the basement just to be safe, so that he wouldn't be seen. Max gets sick and falls into a comma, Hans and Rosa worry about how they will dispose of his body if he dies without anyone noticing. Meanwhile Liesel is sad, she begins to read and talk to Max while he is in his comma, and hopes the he will wake up soon. After months, Max finally recovers and wakes up. But the allies begin bombing nearby Molching, and Liesel and her foster parents take shelter in a neighbor's basement. But Max is to stay in the Hubermann’s basement alone and risk the basement's roof collapsing on him. The war begins to intensify, and Nazi soldiers began to move Jewish prisoners to the concentration camp. Hans attempt to stop a Nazi soldier from taking his Jewish neighbor aroused suspicion around himself, making it unsafe for Max to stay in the basement any longer. Later, Max leaves the Hubermann’s basement and says his goodbyes. Throughout "The Book Thief" there is many intellectual censorship. When Liesel goes to the book burning they are burning books, pamphlets, art, and anything that was authored by a Jew. The book burning to the Nazi soldiers was the destruction to the Jewish people. Many of the ideas were censored in a strict all-powerful dictatorship because dictators believed it can create a better society. Meanwhile, a democratic society needs a free press because in the first amendment it states that the government is prohibited to infringe on the freedom of the press. The Great Debaters impacted many areas around the United States of America. Wiley College debated if Negroes should be admitted to state universities. They also debated that non-violent civil disobedience is moral. Wiley College debates with Oklahoma City College if Negroes should be admitted to state universities. Wiley College begins with introducing their argument that denying a Negro’s admission to a state university is wrong and absurd. Oklahoma City College denies and responds saying that forcing something upon the South that they are not prepared for will result in racial chaos. Wiley College responds with Oklahoma City College conveniently chose to ignore the fact that W.E.B Dubois was the first Negro to ever acquire a Ph.D. from Harvard College, a white man college. Oklahoma City College argues back that Dr.Dubois himself says that a Negro to receive a proper education at a white college is impossible. Wiley College rebuttals saying that Dubois says it's impossible for a Negro to get a proper education because the white man's resistance to change, but that’s no excuse for a black to be denied to a college. Wiley College and Harvard debate if civil disobedience is moral. Wiley College argues that a moral weapon for justice is civil disobedience. Harvard rebuttals and argues that moral must have violence, and that civil disobedience can't be moral because it's nonviolent. Instead they argue that civil disobedience is the true face behind anarchy. Wiley College responds with a dark turn, they argued that in Texas they saw a man hanged and lynched. They asked themselves what crime did this Negro do to deserve such punishment. They argued that, "You should pray I choose the latter." Wiley College warns Harvard City that they should thank god, that they are picking an organized campaign of non-cooperation, rather than using violence. Wiley College's arguments, debates, and responses impacted on a mass level. In 1942, James Farmer Jr. founded the Congress of Racial Equality and he became a leader in the civil rights movement. Samantha Booke, a lawyer rode the first Freedom Ride to Alabama. Wiley College's profound ideas about civil non-violent disobedience and racial integration of school were important because this started to create action and movement upon people. Modern world history had an unreasonable justice system. Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau believed that there was a good type of government for society. Some believe that a democratic government was best, but the others believed a monarchy government was the answer for society. Being in a democratic society would mean that the people would be able to intervene and take part in politics, for the better of their society. Being in a monarchy government would mean that only one man would hold all the power and do what’s best for him. Like in “The Book Thief” there was a lot of censorship. They burned and destroyed anything that was created or written by a Jew. They wouldn’t allow freedom of speech and would kill anyone that fought back. Many people believed that it was wrong for them to do these horrifying things. Wiley College debates at Oklahoma City College and Harvard. They debate over Negros being admitted to a university and if non-violent civil disobedience is moral. Wiley College believed that a Negro should be admitted and shouldn’t be kept out of a university. They also believed that non-violent civil disobedience was moral and the right way to protest against something they didn’t agree on. There was many major ideas throughout the modern world history, either choosing the best government type for a society, risking your life by breaking a censorship, and by debating and arguing about what you think is wrong or right.
John Locke’s ideas on creating a government by the people and Voltaire’s ideas on practicing any religion shows how many enlightenment philosophers wanted people to live peacefully with others and the society. The ideas of many philosophers helped shape the capitalist, democratic world in which we live today. Today's government was created with a legislative and executive branch, like what Locke suggested and women have more rights, such as getting education and jobs that are same as those of men. Enlightenment philosophers main ideas on increasing human rights and equality helped create a better society during the Enlightenment period and
The citizens of France, inspired by the enlightenment, desired a government run by the people. Marquis de Lafayette wrote, “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights; social distinctions may be based only upon general usefulness” (de Lafayette 783). The French wanted to bring equality to all classes. The French revolution brought much more social change than the American revolution. Inspired by Lafayette’s declaration that, “no group, no individual may exercise authority not emanating expressly therefrom” (de Lafayette 783), the class system was destroyed. The revolutionaries were open to ending slavery, however women remained marginalized within the social structure of France. Similarly to the American revolution, the enlightenment ideas that drove the French revolution were not applied to society as a
Throughout the existence of man debates over property and inequality have always existed. Man has been trying to reach the perfect state of society for as long as they have existed. John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Martin Luther King are three great examples of men who broke down the basics of how property and inequality are related. Each historical figure has their own distinct view on the situation. Some views are similar while others vary greatly. These philosophers and seekers of peace and equality make many great arguments as to how equality and property can impact man and society. Equality and property go hand in hand in creating an equal society. Each authors opinion has its own factors that create a mindset to support that opinion. In this paper we will discuss the writings of John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Martin Luther King Jr. and the factors that influenced their opinions on inequality and property.
Compare John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all dealt with the issue of political freedom within a society. John Locke's “The Second Treatise of Government”, Mill's “On Liberty”, and Rousseau’s “Discourse On The Origins of Inequality” are influential and compelling literary works which, while outlining the conceptual framework of each thinker’s ideal state, present divergent visions of the very nature of man and his freedom. The three have somewhat different views regarding how much freedom man ought to have in political society because they have different views regarding man's basic potential for inherently good or evil behavior, as well as the ends or purpose of political societies. In order to examine how each thinker views man and the freedom he should have in a political society, it is necessary to define freedom or liberty from each philosopher’s perspective.
Before the French Revolution that occurred during the late 18th century, France was considered one of the most advanced and opulent countries in Europe. It was in the center of the Enlightenment era, a period of time from the 1600s to the 1800s that is considered today as one of the most significant intellectual movements in history by encouraging a new view of life. The age sparked hundreds of important thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, Thomas Paine, and Adam Smith. The Enlightenment was the fuel that sparked a worldwide desire to reshape and reconsider the ways that countries were governed. Limited monarchies, direct democracies, limited democracies, and absolute monarchies, among others, were many forms of government that were disputed by these thinkers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one the many significant Enlightenment thinkers, believed in a direct democracy, a system in which a country is governed by many, and where no one person has a considerable amount of power. This idea that citizens should receive independence and a voice would later stimulate the French and result in what is now k...
The Rule of Law has always been a widely discussed topic throughout the history of modern political thinking. It can be defined as, “the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced; the principle of government by law” (Dictionary.com). English philosopher John Locke and Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau have both developed well-rounded and detailed accounts on the Rule of Law and its crucial role in ensuring democracy and freedom in society. Despite the undeniable success and importance of their works and ideas, I believe ________ constructed a more persuasive and influential argument in explaining the extensive effects of the Rule of Law on government and society.
Locke and Rousseau present themselves as two very distinct thinkers. They both use similar terms, but conceptualize them differently to fulfill very different purposes. As such, one ought not be surprised that the two theorists do not understand liberty in the same way. Locke discusses liberty on an individual scale, with personal freedom being guaranteed by laws and institutions created in civil society. By comparison, Rousseau’s conception portrays liberty as an affair of the entire political community, and is best captured by the notion of self-rule. The distinctions, but also the similarities between Locke and Rousseau’s conceptions can be clarified by examining the role of liberty in each theorist’s proposed state of nature and civil society, the concepts with which each theorist associates liberty, and the means of ensuring and safeguarding liberty that each theorist devises.
The political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power was to be taken by the people through the elimination of the upper class bourgeois’ personal property and capital. While both philosophers created a different approach to establishing the governing principles of their beliefs they do share a similar concept of eliminating ownership of capital and distributions from the government. Studying the different approaches will let us show the similarities of principles that eliminate abuse of power and concentration of wealth by few, and allow access for all. To further evaluate these similarities, we must first understand the primary principles of each of the philosophers’ concepts.
John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believe that men are equal in the state of nature, but their individual opinions about equality lead them to propose fundamentally different methods of proper civil governance. Locke argues that the correct form of civil government should be concerned with the common good of the people, and defend the citizenry’s rights to life, health, liberty, and personal possessions. Hobbes argues that the proper form of civil government must have an overarching ruler governing the people in order to avoid the state of war. I agree with Locke’s argument because it is necessary for a civil government to properly care for its citizens, which in turn prevents the state of war from occurring in society. Locke also has a better argument than Hobbes because Hobbes’ belief that it is necessary to have a supreme ruler in order to prevent the state of war in society is inherently flawed. This is because doing so would create a state of war in and of itself.
John Locke explains the state of nature as a state of equality in which no one has power over another, and all are free to do as they please. He notes, however, that this liberty does not equal license to abuse others, and that natural law exists even in the state of nature. Each individual in the state of nature has the power to execute natural laws, which are universal.
Machiavelli believed that, ethics and morality were considered in other categories than those generally known. He does not deny the existence of, but did not see how they can be useful in its traditional sense as in politics and in the government of the people. According to Machiavelli, a man is by nature a political angry and fearful. Machiavelli had no high opinion of the people. It is assumed that a person is forced to be good and can get into the number of positive features, such as prudence and courage. The prince can only proceed gently and with love, because that would undermine the naivety of his rule, and hence and the well-being of the state. He thought that, the Lord must act morally as far as possible, immorally to the extent to
In a state of nature, each man, as the possessor of reason and free will, is cognitively independent and equal, and so, by implication, politically independent and equal (Braman 07). Locke knew that men were there own learning tools within themselves. Not only did they learn from there mistakes, which was known for centuries, but, they also grew from one another and took what they needed for there own well mental development (Braman 09) Just like mankind has been doing for as long as anyone can remember, they have been working there owns ways of life out for themselves and to learn from one another and not from someone or something telling you how you should be living.
Rousseau and Locke differ slightly on how the question of sovereignty should be addressed. Rousseau believed that men would essentially destroy themselves due to their "mode of existence"(more explanation of what is meant by "mode of existence"?) (Rousseau 39) and therefore must enter into a government that controls them. However, this control is in the form of direct participation in democracy where people have the ability to address their opinions, and thus sovereignty is in the control of the people. Unlike Rousseau, Locke believed firmly in the fact that government should be split up into a legislative branch and a ruling branch, with the legislative branch being appointed as representatives of the people. He contends that people give up the power of their own rule to enter into a more powerful organization that protects life, liberties, property, and fortunes. The two differ significantlyin that Rousseau wanted a direct or absolute form of democracy controlled by the people, while Locke prefered an elected, representative democr...
Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed theories on human nature and how men govern themselves. With the passing of time, political views on the philosophy of government gradually changed. Despite their differences, Hobbes and Rousseau, both became two of the most influential political theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world influencing the creation of many new governments. These theorists all recognize that people develop a social contract within their society, but have differing views on what exactly the social contract is and how it is established. By way of the differing versions of the social contract Hobbes and Rousseau agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for a society’s protection and emphasizing the government’s definite responsibilities to its citizens.
"I remember the good old days" is something you probably hear a lot from someone older than you or people that you know, like your grandparents. Well, in these days "back in the olden days" times were not so good for people as they are today. For example, we have child labor laws and the Industrial Revolution era didn't. So, if the philosophers John Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire were still alive during the Imperialization era, how would they feel about imperialization? Well, the philosophers John Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire would disagree with imperialization. They would disagree because of their own personal beliefs and opinion as we have seen from their articles.