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Literature review on styles of parenting
Literature review on styles of parenting
Literature review on styles of parenting
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Is one approach to parenting more effective than the other? Child rearing styles are psychological methods practiced by folks as a part of raising a kid. Today, numerous methods are used and many arguments can be made as to which particular method is more successful. Parents develop diverse techniques of parenting based on social influences such as culture, education, and the way they were previously parented. Two of the most important parenting techniques are known as the authoritarian and the authoritative methods, in other words the “Old” and the “New” strategies. Despite how alike these methods seem to be, their differences are pronounced and deserve deeper exploration.
For ages, the thought of parental supremacy in a parent-child relationship has meant total authority; a parent’s demands were not to be questioned. As a result, kids are then expected to act and talk the way they are told/ordered to. This method is called the authoritarian/old method, it consisted of commands and punishments. Authoritarian parents believe that in order for a child to be successful they must not have persistent and wilful characteristics as it will lead to unlawful
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behaviour or sinning: ”The point of discipline is to transmit values to children. The purpose of punishment is to coerce compliance and secure control, and failing that, to inflict pain as a form of revenge…”. Despite how harsh this technique sounds, it has and still raises thousands of honourable men and women. however, in many cases, this style of parenting fails to succeed as a child is more self-centered than compliant. In such situations, a child might defy and refuse to follow commands, therefore also eliminating the chance of punishments being effective. If parents encounter behavioural conflicts with their children, they are to turn to a more understanding and sophisticated style of parenting, the New method. In many societies, the authoritative method is considered to be more effective, especially in our current days as kids are more open minded. The reason this style of parenting can succeed where the older one comes up short is that the new one allows a child to have control without completely being in charge. It exploits the youngsters' knowledge and longing for freedom and capacity to verbalize their needs and requests. This requires a parent to sacrifice some of their rules and come to an agreement with their child. As a result, a better and more stable relationship is formed between them, allowing them to negotiate and express their wishes/feelings without having a boundary in between. The New method urges that parents treat their youngsters with the same appreciation that we so passionately crave from them, as they are grown enough to understand agreements and keep up with them. When an agreement is made between both sides, a parent then tests the child, if they fail to cooperate, they are to be held responsible for their actions. It is definitely a hard task for parents to take on a particular method.
However, it has been proven that authoritative methods create better relations, where a child is more understood and a parent is more pleased. Rather than attempting to ingrain compliance, as authoritarian folks do, authoritative parents aspire to bring up youngsters who can think for themselves and settle on fitting choices. Like authoritarian methods, they set clear limits and tenets and youngsters comprehend that they must follow them.
Despite all that has been said, no specific method is to be followed by all parents; instead, a parent is required to seek what works best, and what gives better results in their case. These methods can thrive in different families and cultures as they are built upon extremely diverse
techniques.
Growing up, two group of people, parents, and grandparents, took the time and the energy to raise me. Both of them had different approaches when raising me. These approaches were different parenting styles. According to Baumrind, parenting style was the “[capturing] normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children” (Darling, 1999). To put it simply, parenting style goal was to lecture, influence, and discipline a child. In general, there are four parenting styles with their own specific benefits and disadvantages. Furthermore, parenting style, granted the dynamic of the family was understood, can be identified in families.
Parenting styles are the way that parents discipline, raise, and show their affection to their children. The book defines parenting methods as, “how, and to what extent, parents seek to control their children” (Meyers & Dewall). The book also lists three different styles of parenting, defining them as authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. The mindset of the child, how the child deals with social interactions, and the overall mental health of the child can all be affected depending on the parenting styles that their parents choose to use.
The most effective form of parenting that has been studied so far is the authoritative parenting style. This style is demanding of the child, while still being responsive to their needs and wants. It is demanding, because the parent expects the absolute best out of their child. The parent knows what the child is capable of though,
The difference that authoritative parenting has over every other parenting style is that it has both responsiveness and structure. Parents that typically show this type of parenting act as teacher or counselors guiding their children on the right path. They are warm and approachable but still enforce structure and have high expectations for their children. These parents give their children opportunities to earn freedoms and are more trust based. These parents are typically involved in their children’s lives, but not overly involved because they know there is a difference between parent and child. Children that grow up in the authoritative parenting lifestyle are more successful in school, have a higher self-esteem, good social skills and overall researchers have found these kids to be happier and more productive than in any other product from parenting styles. These families are supportive and loving. I feel that my family is a good example of authoritative parenting because they always pushed me to perform my best in my grades and soccer and that got me at a wonderful school playing on a soccer scholarship. My parents allowed me freedom by earning their trust. They have guided and molded me into the person I am today by being loving, nurturing and pushing me to be my best so I can have a life different from theirs and
A parent’s parenting styles are as diverse as the world we live in today. Nowadays, parents only want what is best for their children and their parenting styles plays a crucial role in the development of children which will in the long run, not only effect the child’s childhood years, but later prolong into their adult life as well.
Authoritative style remains high in all four domains. Authoritative parents’ use of appropriate discipline such as using time-out or mild punishment ensures their children’s independence along with children’s compliance with parental demands. Compare to children with any other parenting styles, children raised by authoritative parents have higher self-esteem, self confidence, and better grades in elementary school, high school, and college. They are also less likely to abuse alcohol or tobacco as adolescents. In general, children of the authoritative parenting style show more altruistic
A parent that is an authoritative shows the child love and support; but also wants to see them succeed in life. They give explanations to their child, it is not “because I said so” and that’s the end of the discussion. Like I mentioned before this is how my father parented me. He gave me examples and explanations on why I couldn’t do something, etc. The authoritative parenting style is how my older sister parents her son. I see all the positive effects that it has on him and I wish to parent that way as well.
The authoritarian style of parenting is control focused and militaristic in approach. This parent has high expectations and demands strict obedience. They often rule by fear and punishment. Dr. Gwen Dewar states, “… Little nurturing, lots of psychological control” (Dewar). On Consistant-parenting-advice.com the author communicates this type of parenting can result in abusive discipline that can be emotional and physical; however this writer is also including verbal abuse to the list.
Authoritative parenting has a stronger positive outcome due to the balance maintained within the structure of this parenting style. According to developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind, “Authoritative parents are firm, setting limits for their children. As the children get older, these parents try to reason and explain things to them. They also set clear goals and encourage their children's independence,” (Baumrind 2005). For example, a young boy wants to play video games all day and the parent decides this is unwise. It is a nice day outside and the parent wants him to go out and play. An authoritative approach would be to sit down with the child and explain the positives of playing outside rather than the negatives of playing video games. The parent would appeal to the child's interests in order to engage the child in effective parenting. The child would then be able to see the positive side of the decision rather than just the negative consequences.
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
Authoritarian-parents who are punitive and focus on gaining a child's obedience to parental demands rather than responding to the demands of the child.Authoritarian parenting styles give little to no options to a child. What the parent says goes. It is a rigid approach to raising children that may have been most effective in times of great famine or toil. It was used most commonly in large, traditional families in which the father was the patriarch, and everyone else was called to follow his command. Times have changed greatly since. Doctors see a problem with this approach in modern times,it creates a distance between parent and child in which the child doubts the parent's love for him. It is based on punishment, which can easily create anger.
Each different parenting style each comes with pros and cons. In regards to parenting, there is never a wrong or right answer because every child and circumstances are different when it comes to the importance of the positive and negative effects. But each style comes with its effects on children. A few pros about Authoritarian parents are that their...
Diana Baurmind and Alfred Adler have similar categories of parenting styles. Authoritative parenting can be compared to democratic and encouraging. Both of these styles offer love and security of the child. They express the parent is in control, but the parent also respect their child with explaining parental actions in a positive way. Permissive parenting can be compared to over-submissive parenting style. The child is rude, and demanding. The parent usually accepts the child’s behavior. In my opinion, the parent does not want to upset the child, or bother with correcting the behavior, so they will give in by rewarding the child in order to correct the child’s behavior. Authoritarian parenting can be compared to over-coercive parenting. These parents are very strict with children. My father can be compared to this parenting style. There was no reasoning, no communication, and his actions were final. This kind of parenting reminds me of being in the military. Finally, uninvolved parenting can be compared to neglecting parenting. I almost wanted to compare uninvolved to rejecting, but I cannot necessarily say the parent has denied acceptance. The parent is selfish, and does not even provide the bare minimum for their child’s necessities. I can compare this type of parenting from a 16 year old mother from the show Teen Mom’s. Jenelle had her son Andrew at a very young age. After his birth, she was distance and cared more about partying. Her
However, in this type of parenting style, authoritative parents are more responsive to their child, more willing to listen to questions and more forgiving rather than punishing when their child fail to meet expectations. These parents are more supportive, rather than punitive, also, they focus on making their child confident and socially responsible.(Baumrind, 1966). In authoritarian parenting style, children are expected to follow the strict rules and regulation established by the parents. The parents are too demanding and directive but not really responsive towards their children. They are also status-orientated and children are expected to obey their rules without any explanations (Baumrind, 1991). Then, there is the permissive parenting style in which the parents rarely discipline their child because they have low expectations of maturity and self-regulation. Permissive parent is more responsive, non-traditional and lenient towards their child. They are nurturing and very open with their child (Baumrind, 1991). Lastly, neglectful parenting style is those parents who have both low demandingness and responsiveness towards their children. These parents are generally detached from their child’s life and in some cases; they may even reject or neglect their child’s needs (Maccoby & Martin,
Authoritarian parenting, is low on warmth/nurturance, harsh, and strict on discipline, and high on expectation. Parents instruct and order, they do not consider the children 's opinion as a group, and discourage verbal give-and-take. With this parenting style, children are more susceptible to antisocial peer pressure during adolescence, a time when peer influence is the greatest. Boys in this category have the highest level of violence. Teenagers become less self-reliant, persistent, socially poised, and have lower self-esteem.