The Four Empires Of Mesopotamia
In the distant land known as Sumeria, there were four empires that wanted to control all of Mesopotamia. They fought over water food land and many more things to fight about. All the civilization that lived in Mesopotamia rose and fell like the sun.
The first empire that rose was the Akkadians. They were the first group of people who conquered Sumer and made it a great place. The Akkadians were controlled by King Sargon. Sargon created a formation called the tsudo. The tsudo was when there was men with shields and then behind them men held spears and then behind the spears men were archers with bows and arrows. Sargon also used many political strategies to help him rule the empire. Sargon ruled the empire for 56 years, during those years Sargon made a city called Agade and this city was located in northern Mesopotamia. This city had tributes from the people Sargon has conquered. Agade was one of the most richest and most powerful cities in the world. He had wished for his empire to last forever. But the soon kings had found out that it was hard to rule a large territory. Later the empire started to grow weak and lost many people. After 200 years the Akkadian empire fell to the new invaders from
…show more content…
the north. After the Akkadians then came the Babylonians.
The Babylonians were the 2nd group of people who conquered Sumer. The Babylonians rose by being lead by Hammurabi. Hammurabi was best known for his code of laws. The code of laws was meant for everyone in the city. The Babylonians were located on the banks of the Euphrates river. The river became an important part of trade. Hammurabi worked to unite his empire. The trade helped his empire economy a lot. Many types of artisans used materials brought back from different lands. These arts flourished so much. The code of laws helped him keep control of his empire and how he took care of his people in his empire. The kings begun to stop listening to Hammurabi and listening to other
kings. The kings started listening to the Assyrians. The Assyrians were the next great empire of Mesopotamia. Assyria laid to the north of Babylon. The Assyrians had lived in Mesopotamia for a very long time.The Assyrians had briefly established their own empire before Hammurabi had conquered them. The Assyrians had rose again in about 900 B.C.E. With new army the Assyrians began to expand their territory. Assyrians were feared for their military might. The Assyrians developed new ways to attack cities.The first one was using battering rams. Next they used long heavy beams on wheels to break down walls. The Assyrians were often ruthless. They might force out populations that they recently conquered. They would spread word of their cruelty far and wide. Creating fear among their enemies. Overall, the empires rose and fell very good and hard. Each army would form a very well put together army to defeat other empires. Each empire was very different but yet very unique in each way. Every empire was led by very powerful and dreaming full men who wouldn’t ever give up in their dreams. They would each fight for what they stood for and what they were proud of and wanted other people to be proud of .These leaders were capable of a lot of thing that were helpful and unhelpful. In conclusion all of these civilizations would rise and fall,but when the rose they learned many things and when the fell they learned from their mistakes.
Hammurabi is best known for his succession in writing down the first complete set of laws, titled Hammurabi’s Code. He strived as a king to bring protection, fairness, and justice to the weak of society using laws from the God of justice, Shamash. Hammurabi’s Code was written on a large stone pillar called a stele. In addition to writing a set of 282 laws, he expanded the territory of Babylon northward and westward, encouraged agriculture, and oversaw the erection of many buildings and temples. One may argue that since Hammurabi changed and eliminated some of the laws before he published the complete set, he was changed by the times. However, revising some of the laws was necessary to ensure the best protection and fairness for the people. Overall, King Hammurabi laid the foundation for the laws that we have today and his legacy continues on in our justice
All of the empires in chapter four certainly left their legacy. But what was their legacy about? As I see it, it was more about their destructive features than their ‘greatness’. Every empire had a rise and fall, the fall due to war or conflict. Rome and the Han Dynasty were the major two ‘empires’ with conflict. Next, Persia and the Greek empire’s conflicts.
They destroyed the Kassite in Akkad and Sumer. Not long after the Assyrians new capital Nineveh was built. It was very beautiful with a library, and a zoo. The water supply was poor. The Assyrians were very hated. The Medes took over Assyrian in 612 BCE and invades Anatolia. The Chaldeans (New Babylonians) became the new masters of Mesopotamia. Their greatest cultural accomplishments were in astronomy. They studied the sky because they believed gods lived there.
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
One of the most important aspects of any society is the ruling system. A society simply could not function without any sort of rules or regulations. With the tremendous growth of Babylonian society came the need for law systems. Perhaps one of the most well known law systems was Babylonian ruler Hammurabi’s compilation of Mesopotamian laws known as Hammurabi 's Code. Hammurabi 's Code contained laws pertaining to trade, marriage, property, crime, social class, and more (Judge and Langdon, 25). So much can be learned about early societies through this famous artifact. Although these laws may have been accepted by the Babylonian citizens at the time, it is now clear to see that the code was extremely unjust. Hammurabi 's Code uncovers the social
The Code of Hammurabi was written by King Hammurabi, who began ruling the Babylonian Empire in about 1800 BC. Hammurabi came to power using his strengths as a military leader, conquering many smaller city-states to create his Empire. Hammurabi believed that the gods appointed him to bring justice and order to his people, and he took this duty very seriously. Not long after his ascent to power, he created his Code, 282 laws written to define all relationships and aspects of life in the kingdom. The laws were displayed in a public place so that all the people could have the opportunity to study them. The laws applied to everyone, though application of the laws and punishment differed according to social class. The punishments for disobeying the laws were swift and harsh, further encouraging compliance.
Post Classical politics first came to be when Kong Fuzi or Confucius brought it up during the classical era. Confucius was an educator and a political advisor. At the time, China was experiencing problems and Confucius helped to settle everything. He passed his knowledge on to students who then created analects which are political and cultural traditions that Confucius had taught. Confucius was a very wise man. He did not answer philosophical questions because it did not help to solve the problems at hands and he refused to answer religious question because it was too complex for mere human beings to understand. He believed that political and social harmony came from appropriate arrangements of human relationships with one another. To him, the country should not have been ruled by someone born into power, but to someone who was erudite and incredibly meticulous. When the post classical era came around Yang Jian brought China back to an un-centralized rule after their collapse during the Han dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty they came up with the “bureaucracy based on merit” (Bentley and Zeigler, p. 378) or by recruiting government officials.
Before the beginning of history, people from across the land gradually developed numerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia and Egypt are important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. Mesopotamia was the first civilization, which was around 3000 B.C., and all other countries evolved from it. Mesopotamia emerged from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The soil was rich and agriculture was plentiful. The Semitic nomads occupied the land around Akkad. The Sumerians established the city-states. Villages became urban centers. Because of the formation of the city-states everything flourished. However, Mesopotamian agriculture lacked stones; therefore mud brick became their major building block. Their diet consisted of fish from the rivers. The rivers were flooded frequently destroyed the cities. Mesopotamians made their living from crops and pottery.
More than two thousand years ago, two great empires arose. The Chinese and the Roman Empires. Having different locations, there were obvious differences from the start, assembly and the collapse of the empires, but there were also astonishing similarities. Located in modern time Asia and Europe, the Chinese and Roman empires were revolutionary with their ideas and accomplishments in their time from the start to the end of their empires.
During Mesopotamian times, wars were what divided ruling periods. There were many different peoples that dominated Ancient Mesopotamia and the Assyrians were one of them. The Assyrians prospered mainly because of their divine talent to defensively resist and offensively overwhelm their enemies. At no point of Assyrian rule was there ever a time without conflict of some sort.
The Babylonians specialized in architecture and astronomy. The Babylonian astronomers believed that the position of the stars and planets reflected the mood of the gods and affected life on earth. Hammarabi wrote his code of laws around this time as well. Hammurabi united most of
Soon after the Akkadians came the Amorites. They were also known as the old Babylonians. They built the city of Babylon and made it one of the biggest trade centers in the Middle East. Hammurabi was the King of the Amorites and was famous for the code of Hammurabi.
In the Sumerian, they were ruled by Kings. One of the King’s most important job is to lead the army. Kings appointed officials to help with certain duties and governors ruled the outlying towns. Sumerians were the first people to develop a system of written laws. Both the Sumerian and Babylonian In the Babylon enforced laws and collected taxes. Hammurabi was the king that is best known for his law code. He used code of laws to unify his empire and to preserve order. These laws covered many situations such as trade, payment for work, marriage, and divorce. It established high standards of behavior and stern punishments for violators. Even though the laws were harsh and strict, it helped shape the life of Babylonians. Hammurabi’s code of laws was an important achievement because he developed a more efficient and predictable
Founded by Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334-2279 B.C.) after conquering southern Mesopotamia and parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam, the empire produced multiple kings that progressively increased political control and personal wealth. Moreover, these kings claimed certain godlike attributes, viewing themselves as intermediaries between the populace and religious gods of the time. Under Sargon’s sons Rimush (c. 2284-2275 B.C.) and Manishtushu (c. 2275-2260 B.C.), the empire expanded with campaigns into Iran and the Arabian coast. Naram-Sin (c. 2260-2223 B.C.) provided leadership as the empire pushed to its greatest extent further into Iran, Magan and Syria. Under his rule, the Akkadian empire adopted the Semitic Akkadian language for administration and standardized methods of accounting. Addtionally Naram-Sin proclaimed himself as the god of Agade. A practice imitated by future Mesopotamian
Ancient Mesopotamia was one of the first of the ancient civilizations. It formed in present-day northeastern Egypt, in the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region of good farmland created by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The first people to settle in Mesopotamia made important contributions to the world, such as wheeled vehicles, and an early form of writing called Cuneiform. Later, the Phoenicians here developed an alphabet much like the one we use today. Also, the Sumerians of this region developed algebra and geometry. Most importantly, the Sumerians made extensive irrigation systems, dikes, and canals to protect their crops from floods. The Great Hammurabi of Babylon, another empire in the Fertile Crescent, made the Code of Hammurabi. It was the first significant set of laws in history. Also, the Hittites and the Lydians settled in Mesopotamia. The Hittites developed a way to produce strong plows and weapons. The Lydians created a system of coined money. The contributions from the region of Mesopotamia in ancient times are still used today and are very useful.