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Economic modernization of japan
Feudalism of medieval europe
Short notes on feudalism
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“The greatest in living, lies not in ever failing, but rising every time we fall. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela” The Byzantine and Islamic Empires were both strong and secure empires with many strengths and flaws, but when they came together, they formed an empire that could never be broken. The empires shaped and grew strong because of religion and their economy.
Medieval Europe and Japan all began with the feudal system which is a political, military and social system in the middle Ages. The feudal system started the medieval social construction. In Europe the top category of the structure was the King, then the Nobles, next Knights, then the merchants or traders and farmers, ending with the peasants. The Catholic Church and Christianity religion had a massive impact throughout the medieval times in Europe. Trade and markets are impressions that had an influence on medieval Europe as well. In Japan it was also built by the feudal system. Japanese people also had a social structure, they just called each of the social classes a divergent name and accompany some differences on what the warriors do and the leadership for their country isn’t similar also. However, In Japan it was Buddhism that had a major impact. Buddhism was their
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Guilds built trading marks and they aided in paying taxes to the king and to protect him from harm. Merchants and guilds upgraded the economy and without these social classes the economy would drastically change. Along with these social classes blacksmith, carpenters, and others also had a major influence on the economy. In Japan agriculture had a tremendous effect on the economy. Farming certain foods that prevented diseases were founded the economy greatly improved. Both Japan and Europe have ad differences on what the social classes were and would do or followed, but both would have an effect on their economy in a great
As you can see, the Byzantine and Arab empires had many characteristics that came to define them. Whether it was through their religious beliefs, political structure, or economy, each was able to create a vast, long lasting empire which came to define the post-classical period.
European feudalism was based on contract and Japanese feudalism was based on personal relationship with the lord and vassal. This helps prove that the differences between European and Japanese feudalism made limited government more likely to develop in the West because a contract limits what the lords and vassals could do. William, the king of English, said, “I command you [the vassal] to summon all those who are under your charge......and bring ready with you those five knights that you owe me[.]”1 This helps prove that European feudalism was based on contract because when you owe someone something, it implies an agreement. The key terms are I command you and owe. The vassal has to send troops because he has to. He is under the rule of his lord. The lord tells his vassal that “[H]e will perform everything [that] was in [their] agreement [because] [he] submitted himself to him and chose his will.”2 This helps prove that European feudalism was based on a contract because a contract implies an agreement. The vassal chose the lord himself, so therefore, the vassal is under the lord's rule and needs to follow the agreement. On Japan's view of feudalism, their feudalism wasn't based on contract. On page 122 and 124 of The Tale of Heike, it implies personal relationships with the lord and vassal. “Despite his predicament, [the lord] still thought of [his vassal].”3 When the lord dies, the vassal kills himself saying, “For whom do I have to fight now?”4 This helps prove that Japanese feudalism was based on a personal relationship with lord and vassal because the lord and vassal actually cared for each other. Even through major problems, the lord and vassal's actions showed how close their relationship was with each other. Also on page 5...
Feudal Japan and Europe had similarities and differences. They both had their own warriors that followed a certain code of rules. The also both had peasants that had no power. They had different topographies and religions. Japan’s religions were their traditional religion Shinto, Confucianism, and two forms Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism. The Europeans believed in Christianity. Lastly, Japan is an isolated island, but Europe isn’t isolated nor an island. Feudal Japan and Feudal Europe were both sort of the same, but had some differences.
Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions throughout parts of Europe, they shared various similarities which include their political system, social structure, and economy.
The middle ages, also known as the medieval ages are very different from that of the Roman empire age. Rome was one of the greatest empires of all time, bringing great advances in culture, science, arts, literature, and architecture. The Middle ages also brought these things with great military leaders and leaders in general, but both had a different way of doing so.
WAS THE TIME PERIOD BETWEEN 400 AD AND 1400 AD A “DARK AGE” FOR EUROPE?
IT WASN’T EASY LIVING IN THE MIDDLE AGES. In the middle ages 400 AD thru 1300 AD, there was a system call the hierarchy. The hierarchy was the feudalism system that was based on mutual obligations.The highest person in the royalty system would be the king, the king has all power and control over everyone. The next in the hierarchy would be the clergy, the clergy is filled with Popes, bishops, archdeacons, abbot, priors, deans, priests, and monk. You wouldn’t think their would be any other people under the monks, but they were. After the monks there were friars, clerics, vicars, barber surgeons, chaplains, confessors, scribes, and culdees. The people on the bottom of the hierarchy were the system of peasantry. Some peasants had more rights than others such as, the vallien was the wealthy class of peasants. Serfs and commoner lived in small communities, they couldn't leave or marry without their lord's permission. Next in line came the smallholder, they were the middle class peasants who farmed more than a cottager, but less land than a vallien. Some people owned the farms and worked on it. In the middle ages there were women and men who practiced being trappist. People chose to give their life to the churches because they found it a more appealing way to get closer to God. For the women, they gave up everything to become a nun because they weren’t able to be educated. Once the women became nuns they were able to learn how to read and write. As for men, they became monks because they were being offered a peaceful quiet place to escape from the violence in the world and get more close to their god. Women and men in the middle ages preferred to devote their lives to churches, because they found it a better lifestyle.
The argument of the continuity or discontinuity between the Middle Ages and Modern World seems to be an argument that will continue to be debated by historians and philosophers. I agree that there is a continuity between the Middle Ages and the Modern World because history is always building upon its ancestry. We will always be looking to the past and trying to learn from it.
The Medieval Era The Medieval era is so easily generalized into the three orders of those who fight, those who work, and those who pray, or even simply divided into the privileged and unprivileged. These distinctions are important, for the ability of the church and manor to influence a peasant's actions and to take a peasant's earnings was obviously a central component of a peasant's life. However, when peasants constituted such a sizable majority of the population (over 90 percent), it is also important to recognize the distinctions among them. Some peasants were free and some were serfs. Some peasants were well off and some were barely subsisting.
The Medieval Era was a long time ago but it was an interesting Era. The theater back then was
The shift between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance was characterized by great socio-economic, political, and religious changes. Politically, the feudal system of the Middle Ages was exchanged for a more stable centralized republic/monarchy system that gave the people more freedom and input. Religiously, secularism became more important as stability gave people a chance to concern themselves with the “here and now” rather than simply the “hereafter.” Socially, there was a shift from dogma and unshakeable belief to humanism and the ability to interpret things for oneself. The Middle Ages began around 400 CE and lasted until 1400 CE while the Renaissance began around 1200 and continued until 1600. The 200 years that overlap between these two periods contain many pieces of “transition” art in which it is obvious that the change is beginning to take place. These collective changes that took place in this period dictated change in art as well. There were changes in iconography, style, purpose, and patronage that facilitated the overall transformation of art from a sense of illustrating what you are told to believe is true to optical realism and conveying how you yourself interpret that “truth”.
In the 1300s, Europe was in turmoil. Climate change beginning in about 900 A.D. (Britannica) led to favorable growing conditions and lengthened growing seasons this coupled with an improvement in farming techniques had led to rampant, unchecked population growth for hundreds of years. The greatly increased population of Europe was beginning to outgrow the food supply and a severe economic crisis began to take place in the early 1300s as the realities of severe overpopulation began to set in. Social and economic problems plagued all of Europe, and the malnutrition and poor health caused by these problems set the stage for a major epidemic to occur. Beginning in 1339, seven bad years of weather and famine struck Europe and left the already malnourished majority even more susceptible to disease. In 1347 the Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe, having arrived from Asia where it was already endemic. Over
The social structure of the Middle Ages was based on the practice of feudalism. Feudalism meant that the country was not governed directly by the king, but by individual lords that paid homage to him. These lords: administered their own estates, dispensed their own justice, minted their own currency, levied taxes and tolls, and demanded military service from their vassals. Technically the king was the chief feudal lord, however the individual lords reigned supreme in their territory, doing little more than paying the king’s taxes. The idea of feudalism was built upon a mutual service between vassals and lords. As a vassal one was required to attend at the lord’s court, help administer justice, contribute money, and answer a summons to battle, as well as house and feed the lord when he traveled across his land. The lord was obliged to, protect the vassal, give military aid, and guard his children; this meant that if a daughter were to inherit the fief, the lord would arrange her marriage.
The feudal system was a political, military, and economic system based on the holding of land. The system was developed since the whole entire basis of rule from all the civilizations before the Middle Ages was lost. Early Europe was in desperate need of such a system since they were constantly being raided by the Vikings and other outsiders.
Mongols nomadic lifestyle helped shape their religion and other aspects of their society. Their main religion was Shamanism, which is more of a way of life rather than a religion. They worshipped spiritual elements that’s in the natural earth (2). Many of the people who composed the khuriltai were Shamanism and another religion, such as Buddhism, Daoism, and Islam. This could partially be due to the fact that they were on a conquest to capture cities gaining land. They were not looking to expand their religion but rather to gain wealth through raiding cities. Most of these cities already had an established religion, so instead of forcing conversions onto the people of that city the primary ruler of that portion would convert or adapt some