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The Campaign: Hassan Rouhani vs. Xerxes
Of all the people living in Iran, 89% favor the current president , Hassan Rouhani.
Xerxes, Emperor of the Persian Empire, ruled for 20 years and was very unpopular.
Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran, is a popular leader and a skilled negotiator in a hated country.
Hassan Rouhani and Xerxes are both political heavyweights in their own times, but Rouhani is the better leader because he is knowledgeable and forward-minded.
Xerxes, the Great Shahanshah of the Achaemenid Empire, ruled a technologically advanced empire for almost 20 years.
Xerxes is historically renowned for the sheer size and mobility of his fighting force.
He amassed the largest empire ever seen till that point in order to campaign against the Greeks.
It is worth noting that he
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lost a significant number of his men to small groups of Greeks. Xerxes rarely showed what we would, today, call manners and his amoral reputation preceded him among social circles of his peers.
He had numerous extramarital affairs and more than one person died as a result.
When his commander asked him to spare his child from the Greek campaign so that he could have an heir to his fortune, Xerxes took the commander’s son and cut him in half.
When not campaigning, Xerxes ordered many large building projects.
Many of these building projects were delayed due to his ruthless treatment of workers.
He demanded that his projects be built entirely on slave labor.
Xerxes was an absolute leader who cared little for the individual wellfare of his people.
Hassan Rouhani is the current president of Iran and is a very forward-focused leader.
Rouhani comes from an unlikely background, especially from such an oldfahioned country.
Both Rouhani’s parents worked manual labor jobs and took long hours in order to put him through school.
After graduating from religious school, Rouhani started protesting against the current regime and was subsequently exiled.
Rouhani’s domestic policy is in unprecedented in the fact that he promotes personal freedom in a conservative
country. Rouhani promotes personal freedom and wants to lessen the amount of censored material on the internet. Rouhani neglects to mention human rights, but that is due to the fact that he has little to no control over that. Rouhani has overseen a tremendous amount of economic growth. Rouhani has also promoted lots of scientific growth. He is also constantly working to better his country’s economy. Rouhani is very smart and works hard for his country. Rouhani is a better leader than Xerxes because he cares for and works hard for his people. Rouhani’s domestic policy was more favorable to citizens than Xerxes’. Xerxes often neglected his people and was often getting involved in wars.
under a mother that was always working, and a father that was usually away on
In conclusion, multiple factors led to the failure of Xerxes’ expedition into Greece. According to Herodotus, Xerxes failed due to his personal hubris, fear, and general ineptitude. He further believed that it was God’s decree. More pragmatic reasons would include strategy; the Persian’s plans were generally sound – the Greeks, with the genius of Themistocles, just did one better. Timing was also a factor – winter came on all too soon. Key to all of this was the war of morale – one which the Greeks decisively won. Luck, too, played its part, but it was relative incompetence of the Persian troops which was the crux of the matter. The failure of the infantry was the cause of the final disintegration of the campaign. Xerxes’ personal failures and errors of judgment were an accelerant towards this end. First and foremost, he was let down by his men.
Prior to the Islamic Revolution, Iran was ruled by the Shah, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and furthermore, not governed by religion. The Shah’s White Revolution launched a series of reforms in 1963 that are indicative of where women’s rights for Iran were heading prior to the Islamic revolution. The reforms included, giving women the right to vote, run for office and to become lawyers and judges. This large of a reform in regards to women’s rights, was far more drastic than anything Iran had experienced in the past, and the shock of these “extreme” measures, received a large backlash from over 90% of the population1, the Shia Muslims.
Nevertheless, until he ultimately arrives on Ithaca, Odysseus displays some fairly reckless overall leadership. His actions, words and deeds endanger both himself and his crew. He angers the gods, burns bridges with people throughout his journey, and is responsible for the deaths of a lot of his men. But back home on Ithaca, he shows that he is a worthy and invaluable leader as king. Administratively and tactically, Odysseus is an extremely flawed leader, but he possesses other sometimes intangible leadership abilities that make him stand out as a decent overall leader.
Within 21 years of Xerxes reign to the Persian empire, Xerxes impact and legacy to is questionable from the successes and failures of: the military and administration contributions. From the use of sources such as the Harem inscription “When my father Darius went away from the throne, but the grace of Ahuramazda, I became king on my father’s throne. When I become king, I did much that was excellent. What had been built by my father, I protected, and I added other buildings” is essential and useful in assessing Xerxes’ legacy.
First, the Shah, out-of-touch with what his people wanted, became the catalyst for massive xenophobic and anti-Western feelings to spread throughout the nation. By giving up traditional Islamic ideals and becoming sort of a “puppet” for the U.S. and the Western world, the Shah made a mockery of himself and of those traditional Islamic values, which were paramount in Iran. For many years, Iranians wrote letters to the Shah, voicing their discontent with many aspects of his rule — the spread of the Bahá’í Faith, the collapse of Islamic traditions, and the crumbling economy. The Shah, however, did nothing to fix these issues. Instead, he designed a political reformation movement, hoping to silence his opponents, to introduce personal rights for women, and to establish a sense of fiscal equality. This series of reforms, which appeared to be a blatant attempt to Westernize Iran, became known as the “White
He gained most of his powers through military victories. He conquered Gaul, and had victories over Pompey the Great. He also had beat Scipio, King Juba of Numidia, Pharnaces, and Gnaeus and Sextus. He conquered Egypt, which also...
Alexander the great is known as one of the most ruthless and greatest leaders the world has ever seen. In less than ten years, Alexander conquered cities from Greece all the way to modern day India. Not only did he defeat and conquer cities throughout the known world, but Alexander would also leave his mark spreading and influencing Greek society wherever he went. His leadership and conquests united the East and the West as a whole like no one up to that point had done before. His impact on culture and society when meshing his Greek background with his conquered cities became something truly unique. In 323 B.C. when Alexander passed away, he not only left behind a vast thriving empire, but also a legacy that would be remembered throughout history.
Many significant events took place between the period of King Xerxes’ banishing Vashti and his marriage to Esther. One of those famous events was the battle between King Leonidas, who led the Spartans, and the massive Persian army led by the powerful King Xerxes. King Xerxes ruled over 127 provinces. The provinces spanned from India to the demesne of the Nile in the southern regions of Egypt. King Xerxes reigned from his palace in Susa, which had been initiated by his father King Darius. King Xerxes was tough, surly, arrogant, and vain. He had managed to subdue and occupy great lands and had extended the borders of Persia very far. Many believe that the great feast that la...
Over the course of the last century, the Islamic Republic of Iran (formerly known as Persia) has seen colonialism, the end of a dynasty, the installation of a government by a foreign power, and just over three decades ago, the popular uprising and a cleric-led revolution. These events preceded what could be considered the world’s first Islamic state, as politics and fundamentalist religion are inextricably linked in contemporary Iran. Looking at Iran from the mid 1940’s until the present day, one can trace the path that led to the rise of fundamental Islam in Iran in three distinct periods. The first is that which began with the rise of secular nationalism and the decline of Islam. In the second, the secular, western-friendly government eventually gave way to the Islamic revival in the form of a government takeover by hard-line clerics and disillusioned, fundamentalist youth; both motivated and led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Rule of Iran by these fundamentalist clerics then led to the formation of the fundamentalist Islamic theocracy that governs present-day Iran. The current government has some democratic appearances, but all real power is in the hands of the supreme leader, an Ayatollah who is chosen by the Assembly of Experts, a group of clerics chosen by the Guardian Council. With the Iranian Revolution, political Islam was born, with the fundamentalists holding the reins of power in Iran to the present day.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was a religious uprising that involved the collapse of the longstanding Monarchy in Iran. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the background and ideology of the Iranian Revolution with the Russian Revolution of 1917. I will then outline the major differences and similarities between the two.
A revolution is a mass movement that intends to violently transform the old government into a new political system. The Iranian Revolution, which began in 1979 after years of climax, was an uprising against the Shah’s autocratic rule resulting in much religious and political change. Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi made efforts to remove Islamic values and create a secular rule and “westernize” Iran through his White Revolution. In addition, his tight dictatorial rule and attempts at military expansion felt threatening to the people, who desired a fairer governmental rule immensely influenced by Islam. Afterwards, governmental affairs became extremely influenced by Islamic traditions and law which created changes religiously and politically for years to come. Although the Iranian Revolution was both a political and religious movement in that it resulted in major shifts in government structure from an autocracy to a republic and that Islamic beliefs were fought to be preserved, it was more a religious movement in that the primary goal of the people was to preserve traditional ideology and in that the government became a theocracy intertwined with religious laws and desires of the people.
The Islamic Republic of Iran, formerly known as Iran or Persia, was crowded with a young generation looking for full freedom against the Shah. Persia, once as a powerful country with vast oil resources, soon became a vulnerable nation, ready to accept a new leader to guide them. The people were ready for change, but were the changes they got the changes they were looking for. The people wanted freedom against the shah, (For generations Iran was ruled by Kings) who allowed some freedoms, but it was somewhat limited. The people wanted freedom of speech, so that the press could freely publish their own opinions. They wanted to get rid of a law that made all eighteen-year-old males attend two years of military service unless they are accepted to a university, which would allow them attend the army later as a service worker. The shah was anti-religious, which was not ideal for many of the civilians in Iran. Savak (Secret organization of Iran) was accused of many anti – human rights actions, such as killing students who protested and immediately jailing press members for inappropriate conduct. A major problem was that the shah was a “puppet” of the United States many say, because the Shah would constantly confer with the U.S. of all of his decisions as ruler. The after affects of the revolution resulted in similar conditions, however. Human rights are horrible, the government limits all freedoms, the economy has suffered greatly, average salaries are hard to live with, most of the educated people in Iran fled to foreign countries, the quality of public schools is horrible, and the government still controls all television broadcasts and keeps a watchful eye on the newspapers. From bad to worse is what many people feel has become of Iran, but the people are ready for a real change.
His parents were very hard workers, his father was an air brake mechanic, at the