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Essays on groupthink
Advantages and disadvantages of groupthink
Advantages and disadvantages of groupthink
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Groupthink is an attractive theory by the virtue of its ability to explain irrational decisions made by rational and intelligent groups of individuals. However, the theory does not predict group behavior and merely reexamines past events and applies a rubric of eight “symptoms” that comprise Groupthink. These eight symptoms include illusions of invulnerability, collective rationalization, belief in inherent morality, stereotyped views of out-groups, direct pressure on dissenters, self-censorship, illusion of unanimity, and self-appointed “mind-guards” (McCauley 1998). Illusion of invulnerability occurs when members overestimate their own ability and irrationally believe that everything will work out for the group because it is unique or different. The belief in inherent morality is when members automatically believe their cause is justified, without any proper basis. Collective rationalization occurs when members dismiss any mistakes or challenging views by creating false and often logically flawed explanations. Out-group stereotyping describes the group’s tendency to disregard all opposing ideas and arbitrarily denounce people outside of the group. Self-censorship is responsible for discouraging members from talking about their ideas and findings if the ideas challenge status quo. Illusion of unanimity is reached when members falsely believe that group silence signifies that the group is in agreement. Direct pressure on dissenters is the fear within the group that disagreeing signifies disloyalty. Lastly, self-appointed mind-guards are members who voluntarily prevent the group from discussing controversial topics or ideas. The eight broad claims cast a wide net and appear plausible and appealing, but in reality, are vague enou... ... middle of paper ... ...overts “listen more than they talk…express themselves better in writing than through conversation” and “dislike conflict” (Cain 2012). In work and administrative environments, extroverts assume the leadership role and “tackle assignments quickly…making fast (sometimes rash) decisions, and are comfortable with multitasking and risk taking” (Cain 2012). In contrast, introverts “work more slowly and deliberately” and are less likely to participate in a fast paced, active, group discussion (Cain 2012). Groupthink does not account for the kinds of personalities present in a group that has made a poor decision. Within working group environments, extroverts are more likely to dominate discussions and express themselves openly, while introverts are more likely to listen and keep quiet. This is a major contributing factor to group decisions that Groupthink overlooks.
As I planed to take this class, I thought this course would be like all other general education courses. I believed that it would be of little use to me. However, after attending the first class, my view has changed completely. I applied each and every theory to my life.
There is no need to run out to the store to buy formula, bottles, or burp cloths. Breastfed babies do not spit up as often because breast milk is easier on the belly and the baby will not ingest the air that a bottle fed baby does. That means fewer outfit changes and less laundry. Although feeding in public may be easier for a formula fed baby, a lot of awesome things to make breastfeeding in public easier and more discreet have been created. There are nursing tank tops so that mom's belly stays covered and nursing cover ups which are light weight blankets that moms can wear to keep themselves covered while still being able to see baby. Most public places are beginning to put nursing stations in as well. Also, there is no need to mess with fumbling around in the kitchen to prepare a bottle at 3 AM for a crying baby that is hungry. Breast milk is always available and warm. The American Pregnancy Association recommends breastfeeding for most families in the article “Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding” (2017, May 16). -www.americanpregnancy.org
...s miss less work. If people were more accepting of the perfectly normal act that is breastfeeding; it would become so normal that it would no longer be seen as a problem or be made a big deal of and women wouldn't be so afraid to breastfeed their children.
Society today favors extroverts. As a society, we see values such as outgoingness and sociability very important. These are all traits of extroverts (Cook). Even schools value these traits, which is, in a way, negatively impacting introverts. Because introverts don’t possess these specific traits, they feel that there’s something wrong with them, and in turn causes them to try and become more extroverted. It doesn’t really work that way. You can’t try and pass as something you’re not. Being an introvert is not a bad thing, though, as Cook talks about in his article. Working in a group causes us to mimic the behaviors of other without realizing we’re doing so. This is called groupthink, when the beliefs of group members conform, often unconsciously, to those beliefs of other group members. Introversion can help solve this problem, though. Since solitude is one of the most important factors for creativity, working on projects solo can help create better and more efficient solutions than if the problem was solved with multiple people working in a group. According to Cook, humans function better along than with others. Introverts are more likely to be motivated by dedication to their
There is the common argument that women are over exposing themselves when breastfeeding in public. Exposed breasts are everywhere in movies, magazines and on television. Putting a baby to the breast to nourish them everything about the breast becomes offensive and those mothers are made to feel embarrassed. The fact is that a new mother has gone through so many changes that there is nothing sexual about the act of breastfeeding. There is a good possibility that breastfeeding is one of the most challenging things she has done. It is frustrating that at this day in age society has tried to prevent something that is healthy and natural. Breastfeeding is an amazing bond between a mother and her baby and the nutritional benefits are essential to an infant’s growth. Some people will argue that breastfeeding in public is not appropriate and should only be done behind closed doors. Then there are others that will argue that a breastfeeding mother should be able to breastfeed where ever her child needs to eat. Since everyone is allowed to have their own opinion, we can no longer ignore the breastfeeding controversy surrounding the feeding of a baby. Society needs to support and respect a woman that chooses to breastfeed her baby in public.
Breast feeding has been in practice for a very long time, as early as 2000 BC. Before the invention of formula, bottles, and pumps this was the safest most common way for a mother to feed their infants. In fact, for 99% of human history breast milk was the sole source of nutrition for children until the age of two. In today’s society there are many different and opposing personal stand points on where or not a mother should breast feed their children. It is a very controversial topic with many variables. In breast feeding there are several benefits, reasons, and cultural effects that go into making the decision to engage or stay away from breast feeding. There is also historical causes and cultural differences that lead influence a mothers choice to engage in breast feeding.
Women do not breastfeed long enough. Although healthcare workers try to promote the breast method, many women do not continue with it. Breastfeeding does come with challenges; however, the phrase “breast is best” is the role of the nurse in conjunction with education. A mother a...
Although many people have a strong views on breastfeeding, usually based on some personal, family or friend experience and moreover, there is historic lack of sufficient breastfeeding training for many UK professionals, this can surely lead to general misinterpretations about what can effectively improve breastfeeding rates. It can be suggested that the purpose of community is to clear aims and priorities for the BF strategy and give an evident roles to all staff members (UNICEF, 2009).
It is one of the most difficult challenges anyone can face, and one that for some cultures could result in very harsh consequences. Stating an opinion that does not relate to the majority’s opinion can be a very frightening experience, yet at the same time be a very refreshing, calming experience. The Spiral of Silence theory, created by Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, explains why people fear to express their opinions when their opinion does not match that of the majority’s. Her research and discoveries will be discussed as well as those that did not feel that her theory was adequate to explain such phenomena as the Spiral of Silence Theory consists of.
Women throughout the world have been breastfeeding in public for centuries. Women are breastfeeding in public without any shame. In Egypt, however, breastfeeding is not allowed and it is against their religion (“Breastfeeding and the law”). Other countries all around the world practice breastfeeding in public. There are places that promote women to breastfeed their children. Any woman who does not breastfeed is actually looked down upon (“Breastfeeding and the law”). Unfortunately, some people in the United States feel differently. There are some individuals in America that feel as though if women are going to breastfeed, it should be somewhere private, such as a restroom. People do not eat in restrooms, so why should an innocent baby have...
In interpersonal communication there are many theories that are similar yet different in many ways. The theories can be combined to describe people and how those people interact and communicate with each other. Many of these theories help explain how people in society form impressions of others, how they maintain these impressions, why people interact with certain people in society, and how people will use these impressions that they have formed later on in life. These theories also help people to better understand themselves, to better understand interpersonal communication, and to better understand people in general. There are two theories in interpersonal communication that, despite their differences, can go hand in hand. The first is interaction adaptation theory and the second is emotional contagion theory. These two theories’ similarities and differences and their relevance to my everyday life will be discussed in this paper. These two theories are very important in understanding how people interact with others and why people do the things they do sometimes.
If you ask moms today about breast feeding, about 50% are all for it and the other 50% would rather not do it at all. When asked why they would not breast feed, some moms mentioned they are too scared it will hurt; some said they can’t, and others just have no interest because they were never educated.
Breastfeeding is natural occurring event that has been happening since the beginning of time. Both people and animal species breastfeed their young to provide nutrition and food for their babies. Women all over the world breastfeed and others do not give it a second thought or glance although here in America, it has it become a very touchy piece of subject matter. Even though breastfeeding is the most natural source and form of nutrition for infants it has come under attack by the public. It has gotten to be so much a matter of public debate that nursing mothers have been harassed, hounded and publically humiliated which is making it hard for mothers to make the choice to breastfeed out of fear. Breastfeeding should be universally accepted
When mothers enter the workforce after their maternity leave has ended, they begin to face a challenge when breastfeeding their child. Most mothers tend to travel the convenient route, pushing breastfeeding aside, leaving its benefits behind. However, this does not have to be the case because breastfeeding in the workforce is possible. While on maternity leave, steps can be taken to prepare both the baby and the mother to return to work. Prior to returning to work, mothers can pump while the baby is asleep and also begin to feed their babies from a bottle to begin the adjustment process (“Breastfeeding and Going”). After returning to work, there are certain protection laws such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, garnering mothers the right to pump while working (“Breastfeeding and Going”). Even though it may be difficult, mothers who are returning to work have no excuse to discontinue breastfeeding their child. The benefits that come along with breastfeeding are worth overcoming the
Now the communication class is almost over I have realize how important is to have good communication skills, and how it is key to life. I have learned many things in this class for example ways to approach strangers. Another thing that I have learned how to handle conflict and how sometimes it could be good it not always bad and many others. The way I look things have change to have reach my goals. This class was has also taught me how to look in the “other” perceptive, and not being selfish by just seeing one side. All that I have learn will help me and other around me to be able to communicate better.