Francisco Guzman
History 260-1
Part one:
1. The Columbian exchange was a biological exchange between the Americans and the rest of the world . This means that a disease that started in the Europe and Africa started to spread to all parts of the Americas. This exchange led to more native Americas to die of sickness because the natives did not build an immunity to the rare European diseases. The Columbian exchange also involved animals, plants, and seeds . The exchange led to impactful that effected the world. One example of this was other countries would be victories in battle against American
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population that led to more exploration of land, labor, and resources. Since European countries got resources from America they were able to trade those goods to Asian or African countries which created a bigger trade market. The exchange also changed the cultures of the trading continents. The natives were able to join like the Great Britain’s army like the Mohawk leader or sanchem Hendrick. . The natives also gave new ideas and food to European countries like Barbacoa(bbq) and Canaoua (canoe) 2. The puritans were part of a religious movement known as Protestantism that began around the year 1520 . The puritans left England because of they believed that the country’s church and government got corrupt so the puritans left England around the 1620s . The daily life of a puritan began with the well care of their family which was on average 6 people per family . One thing that the puritans wanted to do was establish relationships with the locals, in the case of the puritans the Massachusetts tribe. The one thing that the puritans hoped for was that they could convert the natives to Christianity. Other than that the puritans lived in towns where many different people did many different tasks. Some men were blacksmiths, other could be farmers or merchants. Puritans also traded with England, The English traded with the puritans cloth, iron pots and manufactured for items like codfish, lumber, wheat, rye, oats, etc. The puritans lived in a somewhat large homes with their families and their servants. The house had many windows to bring in more holy light . 3. The transatlantic slave trade was an event where the British became involved more in the trading of human cargo and the trading happened across the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the humans that were traded were Africans, half a million of the Africans that were sold died in while on the voyage across the Atlantic . The cargo included war captives, servants, and people that were acquired during raids . One captive named Olaudah Equiano gave his description of his capture “The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slaveship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror, which I am yet at a loss to describe, nor the then feelings of my mind.” . Olaudah also told how the conditions on the board were “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; so that with the loathsomeness of the stench, and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor had I the least desire to taste anything. I now wished for the last friend, Death, to relieve me” . Despite the way slaves were treated and the deaths of many slaves, colonial America was able to shift from servants to slave and gain more profit of that style change. The Carolinas with the help of slaves were able to make more money off of crops like tobacco and rice. Part 2: The book The sovereignty and the goodness of God tells the story of Mary Rowlandson and her experiences with the Indians of her time.
The book’s setting happen during King Phillip’s war between the years of 1675-1676. The war was mainly between the English town of Lancaster and the Indian or nipmuc town Nashaway. Both towns were lived in peace for many decades, so much peace that the towns even signed a treaty in 1644 according to a class lecture Nashaway and other Indian communities became tributaries of Massachusetts Bay Colony (received protection in exchange for loyalty, also Christianity and trade) . All was fine until in 1670s tension started to build over land, trade/debt, and religion. Then January 29, 1675 John Sassamon according to the book was a “Christian Massachusetts Indian” who worked for King Phillip was murdered after telling the English governor that the Indians were planning an all-out war against the English. This death led to three associates of Phillip’s to be accused of killing sassamon, the men were found guilty of murder by a jury of twelve Englishmen and six Christians Indians. On June 8, 1675 the men hanged ton their deaths which finally lead to the war breaking out on June 24, 1675. The bloody battles had an ending result that had most Indians forced into slavery and the deaths of their leaders like King Philip himself. During the war the author of the book Mary Rowlandson was captured during an attack on her town of Lancaster. It was the second attack the Indians did on Lancaster. During the second raid 12 English people were killed and only one managed to escape. Along with Mary Rowlandson her children Joseph, Mary, and Sarah were also captured . The way Mary described her captivity as some of the most awful things she had to endure but not as bad as one would think. Since Mary and her baby just left from an attack their body are injured, so they and the other captives had to keep moving but according to Mary herself “One of the
Indians carried my poor wounded babe upon a horse” . From Mary Rowlandson’s word it can be said that the natives were not truly evil men who wanted to punish the captives, the captives were cargo and needed them alive for trade, so at some point in the journey the Indians would have to feed them, help them walk, etc. As Mary continue to be a captives she began to adapt to the Indian culture. In her writings she began to use more of the words casually, as if it was normal to do. Some examples would be “There was a Squaw who spake to me to make a shirt for her sannup”. In Indians words squaw means women and sannup means husband . Mary also began to eat more of the natives food like corn, acorns, horse, bear, etc. Mary spent so much time with the Indians that she got British men confused with Indians Mary said “My heart skipt within me, thinking they had been English men at the first sight of them, for they were dressed in English Apparel, with Hats, white Neckcloths, and Sashes about their waists, and Ribbonds upon their shoulders: but when they came near, there was a vast difference between the lovely faces of Christians, and the foul looks of these Heathens, which much damped my spirit again.” When Mary first was captured by the Indians, all she did was spite the Indians and call them heathens but the more time she spent with the Indians she began to appreciate them little by little. The way Mary felt towards Indians was a feeling that some of the Indians felt towards her, an example of this would be the wife of her master Quannopin, her name is Wettimore. She would hit Mary in the head or not feed her. Wettimore also threated Mary poorly Mary said that “They told me I disgraced my master with begging, and if I did so any more, they would knock me in the head”. The relationship was not only hatred, Mary at time would be impressed by the way the Indians would dress Mary said describing Her master and mistress “He was dressed in his Holland shirt, with great Laces sewed at the tail of it, he had his silver Buttons, his white stockins, his Garters were hung round with Shillings, and he had Girdles of Wampom upon his head and shoulders. She had Girdles of Wampom from the Loins upward: her armes from her elbows to her hands were covered with Bracelets; there were handfulls of Neck-laces about her neck, and severall sorts of Jewels in her ears. She had fine red Stockins, and white Shoos, her hair powdered and face painted Red, that was always before Black.” In story The sovereignty and goodness of god, one event led to another. If it was not for the start of the war Mary would not have been captured and would not have been used other words, eat new foods, and learn to appreciate the style of the Indians. These events were important because it gave Mary Rowlandson an appreciation of her life and her religion.
The Columbian exchange was the exchange of goods and products that occurred when the Europeans came to America. Some of the items exchanged included potatoes and tomatoes, which originated in America, and wheat and rice, which originated in Europe. Because of this exchange, certain dishes are possible to be made. For example, tomatoes are a popular ingredient in Italian dishes, but they originated in America. Because of the Columbian exchange, Italians were able to adapt tomatoes to be included in their dishes. Similarly, there are many dishes which also cannot be possible without the exchange. This will go in-depth into a few dishes and see if they could be made without the Columbian exchange.
Columbian Exchange: The Columbian Exchange was an exchange of peoples, animals, diseases, and foods between hemispheres. Foods and diseases from the New World, such as maize, potatoes, and syphilis, were carried to Europe. Food, livestock, and diseases, such as wheat, barley, cattle, horses, smallpox, measles, and influenza, traveled across the Atlantic to the New World. This term is
In Alfred J. Crosby’s book, The Columbian Exchange, the author examines the impact of the New World on the Old World, but also the impact the Old World had on the New World. One key distinction Crosby notes is how the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus challenged the intellectual systems of Christianity and Aristotelianism. Most notably, the discovery of a world that was, in fact, “new” was so contradictory to scholarly work of the past, such as Aristotle or found in the Bible, that assumptions were made on where to fit the New World into a Christian and Aristotelian world. For example, previous findings under Aristotle, which were still utilized into the 15th Century, had “quite logically supposed the equatorial zone of
The book started out with a bloody massacre at Mary Ingles Virginia settlement in 1755. Mary Ingles was pregnant with her third child and twenty-four years of age when the Shawnee Indians came and kidnapped her, her two sons, her sister-in-law, and her neighbor. The journey to the Shawnee village lasted five weeks in the Virginia wilderness, and once the captives arrived at the village they were divided up amongst the Shawnee Indians, leaving Mary alone with no hope but to go home and make a new family with her husband Will Ingles. While in the village of the Shawnee Mary was able to make friends with an elderly Dutch woman who was a captive too, this elderly woman was to be Mary’s companion through the scary wilderness home. Mary and the old Dutch woman were unable to swim but knew that the Ohio River would lead them back home to freedom so they decided to make an escape from the heathen Indians and return home to civilization, not knowing the hardships that would fall on them at the beginning of winter. To start the journey the women had two blankets, one tomahawk, and the clothes that were on their backs, after a week into the trip th...
Columbian Exchange DBQ As we all know from the memorable song, in 1492 Columbus sailed to find the New World, commonly known as the Americas. Many idolize Columbus for his accomplishments in colonizing the Americas and starting the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange is the sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a direct result of Columbus’ arrival to the Americas. However, we often oversee the downfalls of the Columbian Exchange.
In “A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson,” Mary Rowlandson, a Puritan mother from Lancaster, Massachusetts, recounts the invasion of her town by Indians in 1676 during “King Philip’s War,” when the Indians attempted to regain their tribal lands. She describes the period of time where she is held under captivity by the Indians, and the dire circumstances under which she lives. During these terrible weeks, Mary Rowlandson deals with the death of her youngest child, the absence of her Christian family and friends, the terrible conditions that she must survive, and her struggle to maintain her faith in God. She also learns how to cope with the Indians amongst whom she lives, which causes her attitude towards them to undergo several changes. At first, she is utterly appalled by their lifestyle and actions, but as time passes she grows dependent upon them, and by the end of her captivity, she almost admires their ability to survive the harshest times with a very minimal amount of possessions and resources. Despite her growing awe of the Indian lifestyle, her attitude towards them always maintains a view that they are the “enemy.”
Mary Rowlandson was captured from her home in Lancaster, Massachusetts by Wampanoag Indians during King Phillip’s War. She was held captive for several months. When she was released she penned her story, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. During much of her story she refers to the Indians as savage beasts and heathens but at times seems admire them and appreciate their treatment of her. Mary Rowlandson has a varying view of her Indian captors because she experienced their culture and realized it was not that different from Puritan culture.
Columbian Exchange, which also call the Grand Exchange, is an exchange of animals, crops, pollution (European and African), culture, infectious diseases and ideology between the eastern and western hemisphere in 15th and 16th centuries. Alfred W. Crosby first proposed this concept in his book “ The Columbian Exchange”, which published in 1972.
The author’s thesis is that before the arrival of Columbus and European culture in 1492, advanced society and culture already existed in the Americas that was not of the barbaric nature. This is clear when upon observing the author’s reasons for writing the book: “Balee’s talk was about ‘anthropogenic’ forests-forests created by Indians centuries or millennia in the past-a concept I’ve never heard of before. He also mentioned something that Denevan had discussed: many researchers now believe their predecessors underestimated the number of people in the Americas when Columbus arrived...Gee, someone ought to put all this stuff together, I thought. It would make a fascinating book”(x). Charles C. Mann is stating that upon learning the impressive
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
Columbian Exchange or the big exchange was a great exchange on a wide range of animals (Horses, Chickens, sheep, swine, Turkey), plants (Wheat, barley, corn, beans, tomatoes), people and culture, infectious diseases, and ideas, technology (Wheeled vehicles, iron tools, metallurgy) all these things happened between Native Americans and from Europe after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Resulting in communication between the two cultures to initiate a number of crops that have led to the increase in population in both hemispheres, where the explorers returned to Europe loaded with corn, tomatoes, potatoes, which has become one of the main crops in Eurasia with the solutions of the eighteenth century. At the same time, the Europeans crops, cassava and peanuts to Southeast Asia with a tropical climate.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a personal account, written by Mary Rowlandson in 1682, of what life in captivity was like. Her narrative of her captivity by Indians became popular in both American and English literature. Mary Rowlandson basically lost everything by an Indian attack on her town Lancaster, Massachusetts in 1675; where she is then held prisoner and spends eleven weeks with the Wampanoag Indians as they travel to safety. What made this piece so popular in both England and America was not only because of the great narrative skill used be Mary Rowlandson, but also the intriguing personality shown by the complicated character who has a struggle in recognizing her identity. The reoccurring idea of food and the word remove, used as metaphors throughout the narrative, could be observed to lead to Mary Rowlandson’s repression of anger, depression, and realization of change throughout her journey and more so at the end of it.
Mary Rowlandson was a pretentious, bold and pious character. Her narrative did not make me feel sorry for her at all, which is strange since she really did go through a lot. During the war, the Narragansett Indians attacked Lancaster Massachusetts, and burned and pillaged the whole village. During the siege Mary and her six year old child were shot, she watched her sister and most of her village either burn or get shot. She was kept as a captive, along with her three children and taken with the Narragansett’s on their long retreat. The exposition of the story is set immediately. The reader is perfectly aware of Missus Rowlandson’s status and religious beliefs. She constantly refers to the Narragansetts in an incredibly condescending way, to the point that you know that she does not even consider them human. She paints them as purely evil pe...
The Colombian Exchange was an extensive exchange between the eastern and western hemispheres as knows as the Old World and New World. The Colombian exchange greatly affects almost every society. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of millions of human beings. There are both positive and negative effects that you can see from the Colombian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. The interaction with Native Americans began the exchange of animals, plants, disease, and weapons. The most significant effects that the Colombian Exchange had on the Old World and New World were its changes in agriculture, disease, culture, and its effects on ecology.
One PGE that is an area of strength for me is S1. I am proficient in S1 because I am skilled at public speaking. I engage the audience, use the proper speaking tone, and know my material. I use my confidence and speak loudly and clearly to the entire class. I make eye contact frequently with the audience and use a broad variety of words. I have been proficient in previous presentations including multiple last year. I feel that PGE S1 is an area of strength for me.