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Case study 5 a case of cerebrovascular accident
Case study 5 a case of cerebrovascular accident
Clinical cases flashcards and management of stroke flashcards
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Medical Emergency Strokes. Generally, whenever we hear about someone who suffered from a stroke, the result is never good. Why is it that strokes are so dangerous and why is it so important for providers to recognize them as early as possible? What do we do when we suspect a patient is currently having an active CVA (cerebral vascular accident)? All of these are excellent questions that medical providers need to affluent in.
So, what is actually happening when a stroke occurs? A stroke occurs blood flow to the brain is either impeded or significantly reduced. When this happens, the brain cells are starved of the essential oxygen and nutrients they need and begin to die. There are three different kinds of strokes. They are ischemic, hemorrhagic,
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Like with anything else, it is imperative to ensure a patent airway, adequate ventilation, good oxygenation, and adequate circulation. However, stroke patients have an increased risk of losing the ability to protect their own airway and subsequently aspirate. You can help protect the patient from aspirating by simply placing them in the semi-fowlers position. Now if severe vomiting becomes a factor and the airway is compromised, intubation may need to be used to protect the patient from any further aspiration. If either the tidal volume or rate becomes inadequate, quickly assist their ventilations at a rate of 10-12 breaths per minute. If assistance is needed with ventilations, its good practice to have your BVM hooked up to oxygen too because unless your patient is intubated at this point, some of the room air you pump into them is going to go into the stomach, making for less adequate oxygenation. Along with the ABC component, you’re going to establish IV access and apply the cardiac monitor to see what the heart is doing (Mistovich, 2008). Treating the symptoms is all you’re going to be able to do. As it was mentioned before, the only way to treat the underlying problem is to get the patient to the hospital as quickly as you
Stroke survivors or anyone with chronic illness and health providers remain hopeful and “realistic” by counting on each other. The patients while being realistic about the outcome of their disease, stay hopeful that each of their health care providers will give them the appropriate care and will make sure that they can live with their disease in the best way possible.
Cerebral vascular accidents are becoming a predominant health issue within society, effecting approximately 51,000 Australians each year (1,2), and has been identified as the second most common cause of death within communities. The Australian Government currently spends in excess of $5 billion annually on treatments for cerebral vascular accidents with costs continuing to increase dramatically (2,3). Strokes are a major cause of mortality and one of the most common causes of permanent disability, statistics show that there is over 440,000 people living with the debilitating effects following strokes in Australia alone (2,3).
Cerebrovascular Accident a) Overview - definition and the effects of the stroke on the body A stroke is a serious, life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off. (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Stroke/Pages/Introduction.aspx) This condition is a common cause of death and disability, especially in older people. Some predisposing factors include: • hypertension • atheroma • cigarette smoking • diabetes mellitus It occurs when blood flow to the brain suddenly interrupted, causing hypoxia. The effects include paralysis of a limb or one side of the body and disturbances of speech and vision.
Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or condensed. Blood works to transport oxygen and other beneficial substances to the body’s cells and organs, as well as the brain. There are two main types of strokes that are known as Ischemic strokes and Hemorrhagic strokes. When the blood vessels that provides for the brain becomes congested, is it referred to as ischemic stroke, the most common stroke within adults. Blood clots, a cluster of blood that sticks together, are the cause of Ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes also takes place when arteries become backed up with plague, leaving less blood to flow. Plague is cholesterol, calcium and fibrous and connective tissue that sticks to the walls of blood vessels. Ischemic strokes eternally damage the brain and cause a person's body to no longer function habitually.Some risk factors that may increase stroke are high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. Some stroke factors are also due to old age or having a family that has a history of strokes. Men are more likely to have a stroke but the most st...
The most important elements of the guidelines are organized into two “bundles” of care (Angus, 2013). The first “bundle” is for within the first 3 hours sepsis is suspected. The first thing you would do is measure the lactate level. The second thing is obtaining blood cultures prior to administration of prescribed antibiotics. You administer broad spectrum antibiotics in patients with septic shock. The risk of dying increases by approximately 10% for every hour of delay in receiving antibiotics. The last thing you would do for the 3 hr “bundle” is fluid resuscitation: administer 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥ 4mmol/L (Subtle Signs of Sepsis, 2017). The second “bundle” is for within the first 6 hours sepsis is suspected. The nurse would do the same protocol for suspected sepsis within 3 hours and continue for more advanced treatment. The next thing you would do is administer vasopressors (for hypotension that does not respond to initial fluid resuscitation) to maintain a MAP ≥ 65 mmHg. For persistent arterial hypotension despite volume resuscitation (septic shock) or initial lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L (36 mg/dL), reassess volume status and tissue perfusion and document findings. After initial fluid resuscitation, repeat focused exam, including pulse, capillary refills, vital signs, cardiopulmonary assessment, and skin (Subtle Signs of Sepsis,
The bleeding of the brain also causes increased pressure on the brain and it presses against the skull. Symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke vary upon the amount of blood tissues affected and the location of the bleeding. A transient ischemic attack only lasts for a few hours of the day or a day and it doesn't cause permanent brain damage like an ischemic stroke would. (TIA) transient ischemic attack is not considered to be a stroke, it is referred to as a warning signal before having a stroke. Ask yourself how does a stroke change a person's everyday life drastically? People who suffer from strokes have to live with a mental or physical disability that causes them to be limited.
Stroke is the third most common cause of death (11% of all death in UK) and the leading cause of adult disability worldwide. Stroke rates increases with age but one quarter of all stroke occur before the age of 65. It is important to differentiate between stroke and transient ischemic attack as its presentation and long term management differ. The condition of stroke will become more severe if there is recurrent episodes of stroke or in association with other comorbidities. The evaluation of stroke should includes the evaluation of classification of Stroke, the initial assessment of patient condition involving the hypothesis based on history,physical examination and confirmation of the diagnosis with brain imaging study. This is a case report of elderly male with
Brain aneurysms practically go unnoticed and tend to have few to no symptoms until the rare occasion when the aneurysm ruptures. The bursting aneurysm causes bleeding in the brain and then often leads to a stroke. This is exactly what happened to my great-aunt Judy who survived a brain aneurysm and stroke.
Cerebral Vascular Accident also known as a stroke occurs when part of the brain loses its blood supply and the part of the body that the blood-deprived brain cells control stops working. Blood loss supply can be ischemic because of lack of blood flow, or hemorrhagic because of bleeding into brain tissue. When an artery in the brain is being obstructed or blocked preventing oxygen rich blood from being delivered to brain cells, an ischemic stroke can occur (Wedro, 2013).
The World Health Organisation (2013) explains that an Ischaemic stroke occurs as a result of a blood vessel becoming blocked by a clot, reducing the supply of oxygen to the brain and, therefore, damaging tissue. The rationale for selecting Mary for this discussion is; the author wishes to expand her evidenced based knowledge of stroke since it is the principal cause of disability and the third leading cause of mortality within the Scottish population (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), 2008) and, therefore, a national priority. In response to this priority, the Scottish Government (2009) produced their ‘Better Heart Disease and Stroke Care Action Plan’. Additionally, they have introduced a HEAT target to ensure 90% of stroke patients get transferred to a specialised stroke unit on the day of admission to hospital (Scottish Government, 2012).
Stroke is one amongst the foremost distressing experiences that can happen to anyone. A stroke is caused by an intermission of the blood offer to half of the brain. The term ‘stroke’ comes from the actual fact that it always happens with none warning, ‘striking’ the person from out of the blue. Worldwide, each year 2/1000 individuals have a stroke. Five out of six strokes happen in individuals over the age of sixty. It is hardly ever obvious why somebody ought to have suffered a stroke. Contrary to widespread belief, stress, and either future or following a sudden event, is not in itself a reason behind a stroke. The most common is obtaining older and alternative factors are high blood pressure (hypertension), smoking, being overweight, having too much sugar in blood (diabetes) and having abundant in excessive amount of cholesterol in blood. Strokes occur once the blood flow within the brain is hampered and brain tissue is broken. There are 2 major varieties of strokes: Ischemic and Trauma. The severity of injury to the brain tissue depends on several factors together with age, area of the brain affected, and alternative medical conditions. If the hand and arm doesn’t have medical aid in real time when stroke, it will reduce the power and muscle management, leading to a claw like look and loss of perform. Activities of the patient daily legal document will be significantly affected.
Stroke is a serious medical condition that affects people of all ages specifically older adults. People suffer from a stroke when there is decreased blood flow to the brain. Blood supply decreases due to a blockage or a rupture of a blood vessel which then leads to brain tissues dying. The two types of stroke are ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. An ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking the artery that brings oxygenated blood to the brain. On the other hand, a hemorrhagic stroke is when an artery in the brain leaks or ruptures (“About Stroke,” 2013). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is a major cause of adult disability” (“About Stroke,” 2013). Stroke causes a number of disabilities and also leads to decreased mobility in over half of the victims that are 65 and older. The CDC lists several risk factors of stroke such as heredity, age, gender and ethnicity as well as medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and excessive weight gain that in...
I think about the difference that educating clinical staff about these needs could make for patients. It is obvious that a stroke patient is in a situational crisis and most likely will not be able to vocalize needs. I believe that continuing education should be taken more seriously and be of more practical use. I also would like to see the implementation of a peer to peer discussion forum where providers could learn from the experience of other providers. This practice is utilized for trauma patients and there is an established tumor board
The main reason I chose to write about Strokes is because I have lost two important people in my life to complications of a stroke. My paternal grandmother is the first of which who suffered a thromboembolic stroke during a mitral valve replacement surgery, and the other being my maternal great grandmother who suffered and ischemic stroke. Both of these strong women had major deficits including not being able to walk, feed themselves and in the case of my paternal grandmother breathe independently without the use of a ventilator.
In Conclusion, it is common for people to have strokes. Many think that it won’t happen to them, but it does. It is recommended to get checked regularly by their doctor just to be on top of their health. We do not always know what is going on inside of our body. This is why it is important to have our doctors give the confirmation that we are okay or if something is worse. It is always better to be a step ahead. It is also important that people know that they aren’t alone. There are so many resources and medical places that will be glad to help them get back to being healthy.