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Role of restorative justice
Role of restorative justice
Restorative Justice In Criminal Justice
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There are many problems that are in the corrections system. A few problems are violence, suicide and homicide and these problems in the facility lead to other problems. Violence has been broken down into two categories. The first category is collective violence and the second category is interpersonal violence. Collective violence revolves around an interference that is very serious and disrupts control and order within the system of corrections. An example of collective violence are riots. There are many contributing factors that lead the collective violence. Factors that lead to the violence are: gang violence, conditions of the prisons, race discrimination, and joint frustration. Suicide and Homicide are also major issues in the corrections facility. Although these issues can be stopped, violence, homicide and …show more content…
The second category includes violence that occurs every single day in the corrections system. Specific violence such as interpersonal violence can be targeted towards other inmates in the facility or the corrections faculty. Most assaults by the inmates do not involve weapons, however many assaults do involve weapons. Inmates have a lot of time on their hands and get very creative getting weapons in the facility and by creating weapons out of any material they find. They also hide the weapons in spots that the average untrained person would not think to look for the item. Mandela once said, “If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner”. This is a main factor of restorative justice, for the society to reunite.
The Censes of State and Federal Facilities of Correction reported that 34,000 inmate-against-inmate assaults in the United States prison occurred during the 2000 year, which is a 32 percent increase from the year of 1995. Inmate assaults on staff members also rose 27 percent since the year of 1995, up to 18,000 in
In Western cultures imprisonment is the universal method of punishing criminals (Chapman 571). According to criminologists locking up criminals may not even be an effective form of punishment. First, the prison sentences do not serve as an example to deter future criminals, which is indicated, in the increased rates of criminal behavior over the years. Secondly, prisons may protect the average citizen from crimes but the violence is then diverted to prison workers and other inmates. Finally, inmates are locked together which impedes their rehabilitation and exposes them too more criminal
Throughout his novel, Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, author and professor Robert Perkinson outlines the three current dominant purposes of prison. The first, punishment, is the act of disciplining offenders in an effort to prevent them from recommitting a particular crime. Harsh punishment encourages prisoners to behave because many will not want to face the consequences of further incarceration. While the purpose of punishment is often denounced, many do agree that prison should continue to be used as a means of protecting law-abiding citizens from violent offenders. The isolation of inmates, prison’s second purpose, exists to protect the public. Rehabilitation is currently the third purpose of prison. Rehabilitation is considered successful when a prisoner does n...
According to the prior summarized research, the origin of the supermax facility is established. It is identified that these facilities were necessary to create order among inmates in the general prison population. Differing characteristics of inmates can potentially create havoc and chaos in prison environments. Although there are inmates who request placement in supermax facilities, inmates who do not choose to be housed in these facilities demonstrate certain constant factors seen among the population in supermax facilities. It is understandable that gang affiliation, mental illness, and specialized needs for protective custody lead to placement in supermax facilities due to the protection of correctional officers and staff, along with the
Assaults on correctional officers in prison are not uncommon. Aggressive inmates need to be kept under control, which can sometimes cause fights between themselves and the officers. According to Stephen C. Light, a graduate from SUNY Plattsburgh “The sample consists of the 694 incidents of assaults by prisoners on offices that were reported to have occurred in 31 New York State prisons” (Light, 1991). The amount of assaults on officers demonstrates how violent inmates can get. Over 600 assaults in 31 different NY State prisons, displays one of the many hardships and challenges that come with being a corrections officer. Prison cells and housing areas are two places where prisoners spend most of their time. Those areas are the ones with the most frequent outbreak of assaults occur (Light, 1991). However, there is more to the assaults on officers than just how many there are and the location of where they
Prison reform has been talked about since the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with the goal of giving prisoners better living conditions. Today’s issues involving prison reform have caused many debates on whether or not prisons should change their traditional ways and try to find a more suitable solution with prison related problems like overcrowded facility and huge sums of money being spent on these prisons. Two article that are going to be analyzed in this essay are entitled “Do the time, lower the crime” by James Q. Wilson and “Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences Waste Resource” by Kevin Zeese. Both of these articles have opposite viewpoints toward prison reform. One side of the argument which is introduced in “Do the time, lower the crime” argues that harder prison sentences are lowering the crime rate and that the cost of prison is succeeded by the beneficial outcomes society gets in return. The pro prison reform side in “Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences Waste Resource” contends that an increase in overcrowded prison facilities has to do with stricter laws and prison sentences being placed on minor offenders. The pro-reform side also argues that treatment programs must be emplaced so less previous convicts return for violations. While prison reform is something that can be beneficial, the opposing side argues that imprisonment has positive outcomes, while the supporting side argues that overcrowded prisons and prison spending have become a serious problem.
It is easy to turn a blind I when there is no direct personal experience. Mass incarceration is an issue that influences other issues within the correctional system. The more people under correctional supervision means, the more individuals who can potentially be sexually victimized or placed in solitary confinement. Both are issues within the correctional system. Moreover, studies have shown that sexual victimization and solitary confinement have adverse side effects on inmates. If any of these variables are going to change for the better, then policy needs to change. Those in society, especially those with power who can affect policy in the penal system need to see these issues as a major problem. Some of the proposed solutions to reduce the incarceration rate and not new ideas, but a change in approach. Heroux (2011), suggested possible policy solutions to reduce the mass incarceration. Some of these solutions are earlier release, a change in mandatory minimums, transfer to non-institutions facilities, the diversion from institutional facilities, and doing away with mandatory minimum laws. This could be the next step towards reducing mass
places. A nationwide study concluded that inmate on guard assault was 49 percent more frequent in
It is said that prison should be used for more serious crimes such as rape, assault, homicide and robbery (David, 2006). Because the U.S. Prison is used heavily for punishment and prevention of crime, correctional systems in the U.S. tend to be overcrowded (David, 2006). Even though prisons in the U.S. Are used for privies on of crime it doesn 't work. In a 2002 federal study, 67% of inmates that
“It’s really clear that the most effective way to turn a nonviolent person into a violent one is to send them to prison,” says Harvard University criminologist James Gilligan. The American prison system takes nonviolent offenders and makes them live side-by-side with hardened killers. The very nature of prison, no matter people view it, produces an environment that is inevitably harmful to its residents.
Not only do prisons separate the criminals from the innocent, to be effective, according to Lappin and Greene, they must also separate the criminals from the worse criminals. Convicts in prison for non-violent offenses are not supposed to be housed with violent offenders. “Unfortunately, our prisons are becoming more and more overcrowded maki...
Firstly, in order to gain a better understanding of the problems that plague or correctional system we must fully understand the enormous overcrowding problem that exist in the majority of or state and federal prisons. Since 1980 the prison population has quadrupled and only the numb...
“The history of correctional thought and practice has been marked by enthusiasm for new approaches, disillusionment with these approaches, and then substitution of yet other tactics”(Clear 59). During the mid 1900s, many changes came about for the system of corrections in America. Once a new idea goes sour, a new one replaces it. Prisons shifted their focus from the punishment of offenders to the rehabilitation of offenders, then to the reentry into society, and back to incarceration. As times and the needs of the criminal justice system changed, new prison models were organized in hopes of lowering the crime rates in America. The three major models of prisons that were developed were the medical, model, the community model, and the crime control model.
Cell phones, computers and other electronic devices are a technological advantage to the prison systems that they have developed the metal detector and x-ray scanner to check for smuggled weapons or smuggled drugs into the prison. There are four types of violence. Fear is what occurs when someone is afraid of being hurt or losing something they feel is important to get someone to calm down from fear is to keep pace with them and then begin to slowly bring them down. Fury is a type of violence occurs when someone has lost their boundaries, they are mentally and emotionally lost out in an emotionally stormy sea when an inmate pushes you have to push them back the inmate is in a fury mode you have to give him/her their boundaries back. Tantrum type of violence is different from fury type in a significant way, while the fury type has a reason to go off, the tantrum type is looking for an excuse to go off and any excuse, action, or reason will do. Extortion type violence is basically the violent person giving someone a choice : Give me/do this or I will hurt you” Of all the types of violence, this is the type is the most likely to be directed at Leos/Correctional
...ly makes for fresh conversation among inmates, at the same time truly violent acts remind the prisoners of the harsh realities of prison life.
Increasing pressure in jails has led the correctional system to apply restrictive housing such as solitary confinement, isolation, hole and so many others with the idea of reducing violent and making the jail safer. According to the Ohio Department and Youth and services (2015), Certain practices are not effective in managing the incarceration and accomplishing goals of making the youth learn from their mistakes. Studies have shown that these measures which have been applied in the correctional facilities have led to the violence behavior of inmates. Inmates who pass through these process have assaulted staff members and intimidated other young inmates. Studies have indicated that inmates who are in restrictive unit go through a lot of frustration, stress, angered and can develop, mature or solve the problem because they do not have the chance to communicate with another inmate which makes them feel isolated. Also, they are always fond of acting on impulse and making rational decisions. When this situation happens, it is tough for correctional staff to control them or better still provide treatment for them. Moreover, inmates tend not build a positive relationship with staff, because they a feeling of being treated unfairly. The act of violence by inmates has an adverse impact on the correctional staff. Much correctional staff, fear for safety for