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The disadvantage of cloning
What are the benifits of cloning in the future
The disadvantage of cloning
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[Slide 1] Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a clone of yourself? Think of what you could do with your clone. They could do your jobs your homework and even take the blame when you get in trouble. Maybe even if cloning could bring back extinct animals. Take a cutting from a plant for example; if you were to plant this cutting, an exact replica would grow. Class in this lesson we will be looking at how cloning occurs, why people use it and what the negatives or drawbacks of cloning are.
[Slide 2] Before we start I would just like to remind you all that our cloning exam is next week on Monday. Copy these dates into your books please. Make sure you have studied and revised over the information that I will be giving you during
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These include both artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones as it tries to imitate the natural process whereby twins are created. Natural twins form very early in development when the embryo splits in two. Twinning happens in the first days after egg and sperm join, while the embryo is made of just a small number of unspecialized cells. Embryo twinning tries attempts to proceed down the same path however instead of a mother; a petri dish is used …show more content…
After a certain time spent developing, it is then moved into a surrogate mother, where it finishes developing. Since all the embryos came from the same fertilized egg, they are genetically identical.
[Slide 6] Somatic cell nuclear transfer is another way of artificially twinning embryos. It has been abbreviated as SCNT. Class copy down slide 6. Even though it has different methods the end results are the same.
[Slide 7] Somatic cells are any cells found in the body however do not include the two reproductive cells, sperm and egg. Somatic cells found in the body always have two complete sets of chromosomes while the reproductive cells (germs) have one set. In every cell there is a nucleus that tells the cell what to do. The nucleus also contains the DNA blueprints of the cell. Transferring is just the name for moving the DNA.
Before continuing on and watching a video copy down these definitions [Slide 8]. Class copies down slide 8.
Gene cloning is another form of scientific cloning. This short video will show you why scientists clone cells/genes for their medical research. Hand out worksheet on video and play
During ovulation, when a woman releases an ovum, three different processes can occur. First, the ovum can remain in one piece all the way to the uterus where, if not fertilized, it will be shed out of the body along with the unused endometrium. Second, the ovum, if fertilized, can develop into a single embryo, which is the most common type of pregnancy in humans with about 99% of all births being singletons (1). Finally, the ovum can split into two separate halves resulting in genetically identical twins. The three types of twins previously mentioned are identical, which are created when the fertilized ovum separates into two complete, identical parts, conjoined, which occur as a result of a fertilized ovum not completing the equal separation resulting in two fetuses fused together in some way, and half-twins or polar body twins, which are made when an unfertilized ovum splits into two complete, identical parts and is then fertilized by two different sperm. The frequency of identical twins is 3.5 per 100 births (1) and the frequency of conjoined twins is 1 birth per 50,000 with only 100 known cases surviving their first year (5).
Parthenogenesis is a process of generating human embryos from only eggs put therapeutic cloning within reach
Conjoined twins have one major cause, which makes them conjoined. When an egg is produced and is fertilized by sperm, 3 things can happen, the egg can grow and form only one fetus, the egg can split and form identical twins (triplets) or the egg can partially split and grow into conjoined twins. Usually identical twins are formed during the first 12 days after the conception date, but when the process happens the 13th or 14th day, the egg doesn’t fully se...
Understanding the facts as well as procedures between the many different types of cloning is very crucial. When everything boils down there are three types of cloning known as DNA cloning, therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. DNA cloning is the copying of a gene in order to transfer it into another organism which is usually used by farmers in most of their crops. Therapeutic cloning is the use of stem cells used to help take the place of whatever cell is missing which is potentially used to help the ill. Stem cells contain the potential to grow and help replace the genes that are missing in order to fix whatever is genetically wrong with your body or any genes that you may be missing. Reproductive cloning actually produces a living animal from only one parent. The endless possibilities and perhaps hidden motives of using genetic engineering are what divide as well as destroy the scientific community’s hope for passing laws that are towards pro cloning. Many people within soci...
My dad and I go hunting every weekend during deer season which is from mid of Novmber to the first of Janurary.We go sit at 6:00am and we leave at 8:00am,but why we sit we will be wacthing birds and squirrals playing in the place we have corn they will eat it like deer does.We half to sit still were the deer can’t see us in the deer stand.When we go hunting you have to climb up in the deer stand and then sit patiertly to wait for something to come out of the woods.We look three or four different way in the stand.”My dad stated,” theres a deer.We go hunting in Pearson Georgia.When we go hunting we have to be careful because the gun could go off.It could be dangous going hunting by yourself.But if anything happen I can help him.Because we
Cloning, upon first hearing the word cloning, the thought of Dolly the sheep pops into the mind. The first and most used type of cloning though is not the type that creates animals, but rather DNA cloning. “Cloning is an umbrella term that science uses to indicate the duplication of biological material.”(Human Genome Project) Cloning is further broken down into three categories. The first is DNA cloning, which is the replication of DNA strands. DNA cloning is usually the process of getting a cell to replicate a desired gene for us. DNA cloning has been used since the 1970’s and has persisted as an effective cheap means of replicating DNA of interest in a foreign host cell. “To "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes.”(Human Genome Project) Plasmids are not part of the chromosome but they replicate along with the cell when it replicates and divides. Since they are not a part of the chromosome they are easier to isolate and manipulate without affecting the cells function. “When the f...
The process of cloning may look like twenty-first century science but the history of cloning goes back all the way to 1885. Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch was the first person to ever demonstrate the process of artificial embryo twinning. By simply shaking a two celled sea urchin embryo he made a landmark discovery. When shaken the two celled embryos split apart creating two identical celled embryos. After the cells separated they grew into two sea urchins. This discovery proved two things, that embryos have their own genetic instructions, and have the ability to grow into a complete organism.
There are also some rare types of twins. These categories include: mirror-image twins, polar body twins, or conjoined twins. Mirror-image twins occurs when approximately 23 percent of identical twins the egg splits later than usual, most often day seven or beyond. The original right half of the egg becomes one individual and the original left half becomes the other. For example, one will be right handed the other left handed. Determination is made by observation only and it occurs only in identi...
In the world today, issues such as Global Warming and the War in Iraq take the front cover on any newspaper, but in the world tomorrow, the concept of cloning will become an ever-more pressing issue. How do you define the term cloning? Well, in the words of Jac...
In conclusion, the thesis of this paper is supported by three contentions. First, if successful, cloning can have a lot of positive technological advancements that would help humanity. Second, Dolly, the first cloned mammal, inspired many scientists to speculate a new era in cloning technology and raise hopes for future probability in which human cloning was possible. Finally, at the center of the controversy, surges the closest thing to a clone that lives a healthy and regular life, identical twins. The promise of cloning at any level can revolutionize the world, and change it for the better, but are we are not ready for human trials. The failure rate is overwhelming; we should master cloning animals with close to 100% success rate before starting human cloning trials.
Therapeutic cloning involves Stem Cell research. Stem cells are the cells in your body that can create and heal any organic material such as blood, tissue, and bones. Stem cells are typically found in Newborns especially in the Umbilical Cord. It is said that Stem Cells can even cure cancer. A Stem Cell can become any cell the Human body needs.“Regardless of the limitations of the newly created stem cells, the study is a landmark, says Daley. "We 're still trying to understand the basic mechanism of reprogramming” (Saey). This is very beneficial for all humans. “Physicians have long fantasized over the promises of regenerative medicine—the ability to replace a suffering patient’s diseased or damaged body cells instead of her organs, for example” (Krause).To clarify a bit here is an example. A patient is on the waiting list for an organ such as a kidney. There are three ways that therapeutic cloning can help. A scientist can clone the...
In recent years, the development of cloning technology in non-human species has led to new ways of producing medicine and improving our understanding of development and genetics. But what exactly is human reproductive cloning and how has this technology been developed? The term “cloning” refers more specifically to a process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this process, the DNA from the cell of ...
Lauritzen, Paul. Cloning and the Future of Human Embryo Research. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001. Google Books. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. source 12 (google books)
Review how twins arise and how it might matter regarding the sharing or lack of sharing of the embryonic membranes and placenta
Should cloning be allowed in agriculture? Cloning should be allowed in agriculture. Cloning itself will increase the production for all farmers around the world. There are many things that cloning can help improve like crop production, strength in breeds, and timing of crop maturity.