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Monarchy government
Roman republic versus greek democracy
Roman republic versus greek democracy
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Philo stands strong with his orthodox ways and refutes Cleanthes statements on the universe and how earth is like a machine he states that the argument is weak at best because it’s an analogy and a machine is universe it’s own thing while a machine belongs in the universe. Also stating that their is only one true perfect god. while Cleanthes opinion on God is less than pure saying god is like a human who makes mistakes and God is a dropout of creator school. Anyways this back and forth goes on for some time and it's real Philo and Demea team up against Cleanthes for almost the entire duration of the dialogue although he towards the end he accepts the viewpoint from design believing the world has some intelligence behind it that resembles …show more content…
While the author also talks about how great these monarchies are especially Frederick the Great he also seems to comment on how Frederick the great was this German king who was also the ideal German that every German man wanted to aspire to be. The perspective of the authorship seems to do the monarchies good credit but not so much for the church who is known for being a persecutive bunch who seem to slow down human progress. Lastly, the Philosophes are pitted in a moderate light they are kind of looked at in the article as lower than the oppressive monarchs still better than the Catholic persecutors. So if this author was writing this article about a real monarch like Frederick the great you'd want him to look the best because he’s the king even if he’s a bit oppressive, as compared to those philosophes who wanted to do away with the monarchy and have a more democratic way of governing a free people. The author appeases Frederick the great because he was your king and in those times if you disrespected the king you could die so it was an article that was utilized to appease the right people and keep his own self-save. Although the article is completely fake and really means none of what I said about but I’m comparing the era of this article with an era of the other article. The entire story and debate that Hume writes about were in his own mind the whole time and it is really just being relayed to the three characters by Hume who in turn have this made debate amongst the three made up characters represent the entire point he’s making. The three debaters are the medium by which they are utilized to separate, "their own beliefs" from those of David Hume’s meanly personal beliefs from the audience that he is writing to via the book
The Scientific Revolution consisted of a time period during which revolutionary ideas dramatically altered the thinking of people. It helped trigger the Enlightenment in which rulers acted in accordance with the advisement of philosophes who believed that everything should be thought of in a rational way that was based off of reason, not faith. Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria were considered to be Enlightened rulers. By implementing modern changes that supported knowledge, education, and the arts for the betterment of the country and its society, Frederick the Great and Joseph II furthered the development of Enlightenment principles in contrast to the system that was previously enforced. However, they also created a hindrance due to the introduction of reforms that did not adhere to the morals of the Enlightenment such as believing that change occurred from the uppermost layers of a social structure.
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria adopted the newfound ideas of the Enlightenment to different extents with Frederick the Great advancing the ideas by implementing religious toleration, freedom of speech and press, and setting a single code of laws for all of his subjects and not advancing them by not abolishing serfdom for fear of upsetting the “Junkers”, or Prussian nobility; Joseph II advanced the ideas of the Enlightenment eagerly by completely abolishing serfdom paying no heed to what it could cause socially and politically and he didn’t advance these ideas in the end because his many reforms caused alienation of the church and nobility and radical changes in social hierarchy.
...kes a negative attitude throughout the article. He simply states the facts, supports them, and moves on to his next point. Jefferson never appears to be angry and does not point out anything that distracts the reader from the message that he is trying to convey. He keeps a serious tone throughout that keeps the reader drawn into what he is saying the entire time. The reader feels a sense that Jefferson is serious about what he is saying and he is not to be taken lightly at all.
The argument displayed in the passage is how the New Monarchs of Western European states during the 16th and 17th centuries began to consolidate authority over the nobility and clergy by reducing their power, and this claim can be supported by the actions of Queen Isabella of Castile towards the aristocracy. For example, Queen Isabella desired to limit the power of the aristocracy and did so by taxing the nobles and confiscating their lands. These actions were effective because the amount of money and property the nobility had decreased, which meant they also became less powerful. Isabella then used the money she and the government acquired to increase trade within Spanish colonies and fund voyages of exploration. Thus, Queen Isabella’s actions towards Spain’s nobility reflect the argument that the New Monarchs of Western European states during the 16th and 17th centuries consolidated power over the aristocracy and clergy by reducing their wealth.
...orists such as Montesquieu and Voltaire not only encouraged the freedom of religion and science, but also a critical examination of the existing balance of power. Throughout the Early Modern Period, absolutism prevailed in most of the lands of Europe as modeled on the French monarchy. Absolutism placed complete authority within the hands of the ruling sovereigns instead of the people. Many of them, however, such as King Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, were supporters of the Enlightenment. These so-called “Enlightened Absolutists” endeavored to manage the administration of their states with exclusive authority, while limiting the influence of the Church and the aristocracy to a minimum. Simultaneously, these rulers supported the emerging middle class, humanist circles, progressive reformers and the scholars of the Enlightenment.
Body politics was brought into question during the reformation as the king was no longer seen as the unquestionable head of the nation that would make all of the decisions for it. The nobles grew tired of being the “arms” of the nation. They saw the ability to gain political power within their grasp. This power came with a weakening of the monarch’s power by gaining the loyalties of the commoners directly under them by defending the religion of choice in their own domain. This form of taking sides would eventually lead to the formation of the Lutheran Defensive league, which would cause the Catholic side to become fearful of a militant Protestant force. All of this cause and effect nature of politics began with a small opening for power to be gained after the reformations of Luther caused Frederick III to intervene when the Catholic Church began to become offended. This began the break in the traditional thoughts of body politics as the main way of governance of nations, which then led to the idea that civil war and uprisings were no longer only subject to rights claimed under the body politics system. Hans von Grimmelshausen in The Adventures of a Simpleton wrote a semi-autobiographical account of the wars of religion in Germany. Within this book, Grimmelshausen wrote many times about local lords and nobles, but not once about the Emperor of Germany even in passing. Local loyalties were prevalent in his account, not national, which demonstrates the breaking of the traditional political thought of body politics from popular thought.
He does this through a heated debate characters of Demea, Cleanthes, and Philo, who each have different perceptions. Demea argues that the nature of God is unknowable and incomprehensible to humans that it is sacrilege to assign God limited and corrupted attributes of human beings. Cleanthes, on the other hand, argues that the nature and existence of God can be determined through human experience, since “no question of fact can be proved otherwise (Hume 44).” Philo argues between Demea and Cleanthes by pinpointing paradoxes and inconsistencies for each line of Demea and Cleanthes’ debate. Therefore, he ultimately believes that nothing can be known with absolute certainty. When arguing of the cause and effect of God’s existence, it is Demea that presents the argument that all human have a sense of God’s existence from “a consciousness of his imbecility and misery” that leads him to “seek protection from that Being on whom he and all nature are dependent (Hume 58).” He continues to state
The English Civil war was partially a religious conflict, which brought Church and State against Parliament. Under the reign of James I, England saw the rise in Protestants dissenters. Groups like Barrowists, Puritans, Fifth Monarchists, Quakers, and many more demanded for more religious reform. They felt that the Church of England’s liturgy was too Catholic for a Protestant church. James VI and I accepted the more moderated Puritans and other dissenters, and he was able to keep his kingdom in peace. However, his son Charles I did not believe that kings were answerable to Parliament, but to God. In fact, he ruled without Parliament for many years. He trusted the running of the Church of England to William Laud, who believed that the Church had already gone through too many reforms. Laud went wrong when he tried to make church services more about doctrine and sacraments, and sought to make freewill the official doctrine of the Church. He did not stop there. He ordered that alters should be re-sited from the central places in churches to the east end of churches across the country. This essay will discuss Laud’s Arminian doctrines and his misjudgement of England’s religious mood, which led to his downfall and to the civil war.
This idea of absolutism directly opposes general Enlightenment ideas, which focus mainly on freedoms and rationality. Catherine II, being an absolute monarch of Russia, was rather skeptical toward engaging in a distribution of power, as it would take away from her authority. Document 6 was too written by an absolute monarch. While Frederick II, King of Prussia, advocated slightly for the humanization of rulers and equalization of basic laws and their applications to people, he too attacked others. Citing a less than human nature of the Jews as his defense, Frederick II attempted to expel Jews from the main areas of Prussia and contain them to the very borders. This refusal to accept and build toward religious toleration shows the archaic nature of Frederick II’s actions. Frederick II blatantly states that the only reason for keeping
At first glance, the pamphlet seems to be an innocent dialogue between two friends, however, upon further analysis, one notices that it discusses the dissatisfaction of the church and the papacy (source 10). It begins by one of the characters discussing his recent listening of an excerpt from the bible. While discussing this particular passage, that Paul warns them of the anti-christ, and the methods he will use in order to persuade societies to praise him. The most notable connection between the passage and the Pope, was the realization that the Pope believes he is “God-like”. The pamphlet continues by stating similarities between the church and the anit-christ, leaving the audience to question the authority and legitimacy of the church and it’s
In the mid-18th century, England crowned a new king, an Englishman who acceded “I am born for the happiness or misery of a nation.” George William Frederick inherited the throne of a country strife with war and deeply in debt from his grandfather King George II in 1760 at the age of 23. Being groomed from birth to reign, and taught by his mother and Lord Bute to rule and impose his own will, he refused the advice of great Whigs in control of Parliament. Conversely, in Preliminaries of the Revolution, George Elliott Howard describes a government in which Parliament held the most power. This king desired a retrogressive movement for the English Constitution Howard argued, one who intended to govern as well as reign, much to the dismay of the House of Commons.
Most times it is easy to get away from things that bother people. But sometimes there are things in life that people can run from but it never truly leaves them. They can spend their whole life running but it will not change a thing. For example, when people try to quit their faith it just comes back to haunt them, and they can not just forget the things that they learned. The author of this excerpt is trying to get away from his faith because he is an “Ex-Catholic” but it is not that simple most of the time. Just because they stop going to church does not mean that they are done with their religion. It is all around them and very hard to escape from. The author has promised his children that they can group to believe what they like, unlike him they will not be forced to be Catholic. Although he trys to distance himself from his
Kivy, Peter. “Voltaire, Hume and the Problem of Evil.” Philosophy and Literature. 3.2 (1979): 211-224. Print.
(Put something here as an introduction) Philo grants to Cleanthes & Demea that there must be a cause for things to exist, and that it is common for men to refer
Although history has labeled King George III of Britain primarily as the “mad” king responsible for the loss of America, a closer look at the 1780s, the heart of his reign, proves George III to be a particularly effective monarch rather than the bungling idiot some scholars have dubbed him. George III’s effectiveness, during the 1780s, stemmed from his immense popularity with the common people, which lay in direct contrast to his lack of popularity with Parliament. The popularity that George III enjoyed with the masses was largely due to his personal integrity and moral character, and his lack of popularity with Parliament was a result of his desire to reclaim the monarchial power lost in the reigns of George I and II.