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Incarceration practices in america
Incarceration practices in america
Incarceration practices in america
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What is classification? According to page 160 chapter three classification is the process of dividing an inmate population into manageable groups for custody and treatment purpose. There are different types of classification. The different typed are external classification, internal classification, classification process, initial classification and reclassification.
Classification can be based on psychology, education vocational, health and other needs. It can be determined by prison site, housing assignment, working assignments and availably of treatment programs. Classification has its advantages. On page 160 chapter three it states that classification has dangerous and aggressive inmate that are placed on a high security level. Misclassification avoids most inmates. A staff member can classify a prisoner to higher custody if it is necessary.
External classification is when they divide inmates into groups to be assigned to various prison facilities. External classification risk determines if the prisoners can leave as a temporary release or temporary removal. It also determines if the prisoner can get employment outside the prison with supervising and working parties. It assist with parole board. Prisoners are required to activities prior to their release from prison or their next hearing.
Internal classification is the process of assigning inmates to types of programs and work and locations. The risk of internal classification determines the prisoner’s security level. If they will have access to programs such as rehabilitation and special treatment units. Suitability for various types of service like education based on the prison that they are in.
Classification process on page states “that the process by which offenders ar...
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...of the cell in cellblock seven, fifteen feet down, ninety-seven feet out to Fairmount Avenue and fifteen feet up to freedom. The tunnel was completed by April 3, 1945. Inmates joined the escape the next morning. It was twelve inmate emerged from the tunnel at the corner of 22nd street and Fairmount Avenue and scattered into other neighborhoods. Sutton was captured within minutes, two blocks from Eastern State. He took the blame for creating the designed and construction of the tunnel. Klinedinst was out wondering around for three hours before getting caught. Russell was shot at and captured when he went to his previous girlfriend house. Another man named James returned to the penitentiary one morning, he rang the doorbell to the prison and asked if he could come back in because he was hungry. The staff at the prison filled the tunnel with ash from the prison firebox
o The terms of the classification tell us what the individuals in that class have in common.
According to the prior summarized research, the origin of the supermax facility is established. It is identified that these facilities were necessary to create order among inmates in the general prison population. Differing characteristics of inmates can potentially create havoc and chaos in prison environments. Although there are inmates who request placement in supermax facilities, inmates who do not choose to be housed in these facilities demonstrate certain constant factors seen among the population in supermax facilities. It is understandable that gang affiliation, mental illness, and specialized needs for protective custody lead to placement in supermax facilities due to the protection of correctional officers and staff, along with the
When an offender is sentenced to imprisonment, post sentencing considerations must be made based on an evaluation of the individual and this will determine the manner in which the prison sentence is served. Post sentencing considerations include security classifications, parole and continued detention orders. These offer different levels of incapacity, accessibility of rehabilitation programs and incentives for good behaviour, and are implicated in order to achieve justice through upholding the rights of the victim, the offender and the wider community.
The correctional system has tried to determine what the best method for dealing with criminals is, particularly criminals who are deemed to be the "worst criminal" type. There are two different models that have been suggested, the dispersion model and the consolidation model. To define it simply, the dispersion model "scatters offenders with unusually dangerous histories or disruptive behavioral patterns throughout the correctional system, thus avoiding a concentration of such offenders in any one location" (Hickey, 2010, p. 208). The consolidation model "involves placing all highly dangerous inmates at one location and controlling them through reliance on heightened security procedures" (Hickey, 2010, p. 209). Of course, each of these models has pros and cons, but it is the concept of supermax prisons that has caused debate. Supermaximum security prisons, which fall under the consolidation model, are associated with a number of ethical problems.
There are two different kinds of influences on prison misconduct, there is the combined characteristics of the inmates themselves, and the combined characteristics of the staff in control of them (Camp, Gaes, Langan, Saylor (2003). Prison misconduct has been classified into significant fields related to drug use, violence, property offenses, prison accountability and escapes, security-related offenses, security offenses interfering with daily operations, along with a residual category (Camp, Gaes, Langan, Saylor (2003). Misconduct spoils the effective procedure of the correctional institution, detracting from its capability to present the intentional services to the superior society (Goetting & Howsen (1986).
This particular population of offenders are classified as people whose minds do not process in normal ways. Because of this, they have to be separated and be put into special facility centers or in a mental hospital.
I enjoyed reading your essay this week Daniel. The process of classifying and reclassifying should be an on-going and continuous process in any correctional facility according to Carlton and Garrett (2008). Accurate classification of incoming inmates is important to both inmates and the correctional staff. Accurate classification allows facilities to group similar inmates and serves to ensure safety and security of inmates and staff. Inmates are classified on things such as age, aggressiveness, type of crime committed, and gender (Carlton & Garrett, 2008). Inmate classification has changed since the times of the first penal institutions. In the beginning there was no classification and all inmates were housed together (Carlton & Garrett,
Living in a prison for a long time becomes difficult for all inmates especially those who are mentally ill face stress when their environment suddenly becomes bars, harsh lights, and super maximum strict schedules. The inmates are forced to face the strict policies and conditions of custody in order to survive in the prison. These prolonged adaptations to the hardship and frustrations of life inside prison lead to certain psychological changes. Most of this inmates find it difficult to adjust in accordance with the prison rules. They get in trouble for destroying state property
Classification refers to the procedure in which ideas or objects are recognized, distinguished and understood. Currently, two leading systems are used for grouping of mental disorder namely International Classification of Disease (ICD) by World Health Organization (WHO) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM) by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Other classifications include Chinese classification of mental disorder, psycho-dynamic diagnostic manual, Latin American guide for psychiatric diagnosis etc. A survey of 205 psychiatrists, from 66 different countries across all continents, found that ICD-10 was more customarily used and more valued in clinical practice, while the DSM-IV was more valued for research [1].
Correctional ideologies have contributed greatly to the present correctional trends in the United States. With all of the correctional ideologies contributing in some way, some greater than others, the United States corrections has seen many problems. One such problem is the steady increase in incarceration rates. In result, the prison facilities have become overcrowded and hard to manage. As Dawe from New York City’s Department of Corrections said, “We are so understaffed and so overcrowded across our prisons, it’s miraculous that we can handle it,”(New Week Global, 2014). In fact, according to the American Federation of Government Employees, Federally-operated facilities have grown by 41% while correctional workers have only increased by 19% (New Week Global, 2014). The increase in the prison population rates is due to five contributing factors: (1) increased arrests and more likely incarceration, (2) tougher sentencing, (3) prison construction, (4) the war on drugs, and (5) state and local politics.
One of these is Social categorization. Based on the name it is very self explanatory, with the social categorization there is the need to divide, categorizing individuals into groups (in and out groups).
The norms of the prison are held up by sanctions, both by the prisoners and by the violence of the guards. Some examples of these sanctions are the degradation ceremonies established new inmates as inferior, violence by the guards enforcing their power over the prisoners, prisoners act in such a way that these techniques fail, and being sent to solitary confinement. All of these enforce their isolation and works to break them as a human being, reminding them their role as a prisoner and their lack of power. By doing this, one would want to abide by the rules to veer away from any severe
The types of inmates that are housed in a supermax prison are prisoners that are dangerous and chronically violent (Schmallegar & Smykla 2015). Other types of prisoners that are housed in maximum prisons are ones who have escaped or attempted to escape from the high-security correctional facility, have incited or attempted to incite disruption in a correctional facility, or have preyed on weaker inmates.
Within the prisons we have what is known as prisoner classification; it is a method to classify inmates according to the level of security risk. The purpose of the inmate classification system is to reduce the escapes, suicides and internal fights of the inmates. There are two levels of inmates classification; objective and subjective. (James, 2017)
Above all, there is the prison administration disciplinary policy. In many correctional facilities around the country, the infractions are divided among classes. For example, Class A is the most serious, because this is one means that a prisoner assaulted another inmate or guard. and the attack left the corrections officer in serious condition. The specific codes and classes will vary with each state. In New Jersey, there is a cancellation on good time if you have a pending disciplinary infraction, which is known as Code 10. This is means that violence involving the use of a foreign objects that causes serious injury.